CN106883909A - 石墨烯基节能减排润滑油 - Google Patents
石墨烯基节能减排润滑油 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
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- C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
- C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，属于润滑油技术领域。按容积由100N基础油1000ml和石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料20～30ml组成；所述石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料按重量和容积由石墨烯5～10g、蛇纹石粉30～150g、钼粉20～40g、稀土粉15～55g、铜粉90～210g、镍粉35～95g和100N基础油1000～2000ml组成。本发明石墨烯基节能减排润滑油具有更好的抗磨损、抗腐蚀性能、热稳定性、耐热冲击性及超低的摩擦系数；产生了优异的自补偿修复效应，可以选择性地补偿表面磨损，优化表面间隙，提高机械的密封性，恢复原型尺寸。可解决发动机因磨损造成的缸压下降、缸压不平衡、动力不足、提速不好、燃烧不良、油耗过高、尾气污染超标、机械噪音过大、发动机性能下降等问题，使用中也不会造成环境污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，属于石墨烯基润滑油技术领域。
背景技术
磨损、腐蚀、疲劳是机械设备及零部件失效的三种主要形式。磨损造成的经济损失十分巨大，如果能够减少无用的摩擦消耗，则可以大量节省能源，减少有害气体排放。
金属机械部件摩擦副的抗磨、减摩及修复技术是长期困扰机械领域的世界性难题。通常金属抗磨是指摩擦副在干摩擦条件下的耐摩擦或抗磨损性质，主要由金属材料的硬度决定，其主要技术途径是硬化摩擦表面。减摩则是指减少金属摩擦副之间的摩擦，主要体现在摩擦系数的降低，目前主要技术途径是精加工摩擦表面，以降低其摩擦系数，或通过润滑油(脂)等油性物质作为润滑介质，降低摩擦系数。
现有润滑油添加剂实现减磨抗磨途径，大多是采用表面成膜技术:如硫化物润滑形式和软金属镀履技术，该技术可以起到一定的减少磨损，抵制磨损的作用，但对已经磨损或划伤的金属表面，没有修复作用。其原因一是，它只是附着、游离在金属摩擦副表面，线胀系数与基体不同，不会改变工件的任何尺寸公差，使金属表面在几纳米厚度上作微乎其微的性质改变，化学反应过程不可控，改性层太微薄并不够稳定，在高温和强摩擦条件下易失效，易脱落、削离；二是，这些材料进入磨擦表面时是纳米级的，机械运转一段时间后的工作杂质与添加剂溶为一体，材料的粒度自然变大，会产生沉积现象，使油路内径变细，形成栓堵，导致供油不畅；三是，添加量高于0.1％时，对油品的金属含量化验指标有改变；四是，每次更换润滑油时都要添加，有依赖性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题，进而提供一种石墨烯基节能减排润滑油及其制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，按容积由100N基础油1000ml和石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料20～30ml组成；所述石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料按重量和容积由石墨烯5～10g、蛇纹石粉30～150g、钼粉20～40g、稀土粉15～55g、铜粉90～210g、镍粉35～95g和100N基础油1000～2000ml组成。
本发明的有益效果：和现有技术相比，本发明所述石墨烯基节能减排润滑油具有更好的抗磨损、抗腐蚀性能、热稳定性、耐热冲击性及超低的摩擦系数；产生了优异的自补偿修复效应，可以选择性地补偿表面磨损，优化表面间隙，提高机械的密封性，恢复原型尺寸。可以解决发动机因磨损造成的缸压下降、缸压不平衡、动力不足、提速不好、燃烧不良、油耗过高、尾气污染超标、机械噪音过大、发动机性能下降等问题，并能长久保持新机状态。制作方法的全过程没有污染，使用中也不会造成环境污染。
本发明石墨烯基节能减排润滑油性能指标为；(1)节约燃油6％～30％；(2)提升发动机动力6％～16％；(3)减少汽车尾气排放30％～80％；(4)延长发动机使用寿命3～5倍；(5)延长机油更换周期2～3倍；(6)节约耗电7％～30％；(7)降低发动机噪音6～24分贝；(8)减少金属表面磨损60％～80％；(9)提高齿轮承载能力5倍以上；(10)具有良好的低温启动保护与高温润滑作用，可在零下50度至零上80度条件下使用；(11)提高机械输出功率4％～6％，提高机械效率30％以上，延长机械设备使用寿命3～5倍；(12)发动机断机油后可安全行驶100公里以上。
本发明使用的石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料检测后符合以下质量规格：(1)运动粘度在100℃时，mm3/s的极限值为6±0.5。(2)粘度指数为95。(3)沉积物为0。(4)开杯闪点不低于200。(5)含硫量不超过0.2％。(6)密度在20℃时不超过890。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明做进一步的详细说明：本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
本实施例所涉及的一种石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，按容积由100N基础油1000ml和石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料20～30ml组成；所述石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料按重量和容积由石墨烯5～10g、蛇纹石粉30～150g、钼粉20～40g、稀土粉15～55g、铜粉90～210g、镍粉35～95g和100N基础油1000～2000ml组成。
一种石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，按容积由100N基础油1000ml和石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料21～29ml组成；所述石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料按重量和容积由石墨烯6～9g、蛇纹石粉31～149g、钼粉21～39g、稀土粉16～54g、铜粉91～209g、镍粉36～94g和100N基础油1100～1900ml组成。
一种石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，按容积由100N基础油1000ml和石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料25ml组成；所述石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料按重量和容积由石墨烯7g、蛇纹石粉90g、钼粉30g、稀土粉40g、铜粉165g、镍粉65g和100N基础油1500ml组成。
所述石墨烯是由1～10层物理法生产的石墨烯。
所述蛇纹石粉、钼粉、稀土粉、铜粉或镍粉的粒度均小于500纳米。
本实施例所涉及的一种石墨烯基节能减排润滑油的制备方法，步骤如下：
(一)石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料的制备
步骤一、将蛇纹石粉放入塑料器皿内，用80℃～90℃的热水进行漂洗，用木棒搅动后，将杂质和水份倒出后，放在通风处，让水分自然蒸发。
步骤二、将蛇纹石粉、钼粉、稀土粉、铜粉和镍粉放入烘干设备进行烘干，烘干时间为100～130分钟，温度为110℃～130℃，烘干后蛇纹石粉、钼粉、稀土粉、铜粉和镍粉中的水分含量均低于2％。
步骤三、将烘干后的各种粉体放入均质器中搅拌，搅拌速度为2000～3000转/分，搅拌后再加入100N基础油继续搅拌，搅拌时间为1～10小时，得到胶状混合物。
步骤四、将胶状混合物放入超声波分散仪中进行分散，分散后即得到石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料。超声波分散的目的是将团聚的物质分开。
(二)石墨烯基节能减排润滑油的制备
步骤五、取100N基础油1000ml和石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料20～30ml搅拌混合均匀即可。
所述步骤二中，烘干时间为120分钟。
所述步骤二中，温度为115℃。
所述步骤三中，搅拌速度为2500转/分。
所述步骤四中，超声波分散时间≥10分钟。
使用时，石墨烯基节能减排润滑油进入机械内部，直接被吸附到零部件的划痕、创面及微观表面，机械运转时在各个接触点的摩擦面上进行超精研磨，清理机械表面氧化物和积碳；并且在机体的运行中，在摩擦面生成金属表面陶瓷合金层。
石墨烯基节能减排润滑油进入机体后，润滑油中的石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料迅速吸附在摩擦面上并且不断地纵向、横向弥散和渗透，当负荷加大、温度升高达到一定程度时(以汽油发动机气缸工作为例，活塞上下往复运动——吸、压、爆、排，进气终了时气缸内气体压力为0.075～0.09Mpa，温度为370～400k，爆发最高压力为3～5Mpa，温度为2200～2800k。石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料就是利用机械运动摩擦瞬间的闪温，温度的“落差”类似“沾火”过程)，石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料与金属表面发生了物理变化和化学反应，这一过程引发了“陶瓷合金材料”晶体和金属晶体之间的反应；进一步相互熔合重组共晶，即微量焊接和氧化更新工序积极运作，诱发产生新元素或新物质，促进了化学键置换过程并形成了新键，使金属的微组织、微结构得到改善，从而改善金属表面的强度、硬度和塑性，同时在其边缘处形成金属新晶格，这种反应持续进行，随着新晶体在摩擦表面的不断增加，它与原始金属表面复合形成超滑、超硬的接触表面——金属表面陶瓷合金层。
形成金属表面合金层后，原金属摩擦副之间的金属-金属、金属-化合物膜层的摩擦，转变为陶瓷合金层——陶瓷合金层之间的摩擦，同时能在原金属磨损创面上逐步将摩擦副凹凸面修复平整，直到摩擦副之间达到最优配合间隙后，由于摩擦系数趋于零，摩擦能减少，由摩擦能产生的力化学反应也趋于零，形成金属改性层(即陶瓷合金层)的化学反应也会停止。也就实现了利用摩擦能的力化学反应可使金属表面自适应改性。这种自适应改性在一定条件下可使厚度达50微米左右。金属表面陶瓷合金层生成的速度、厚度与摩擦释放出的能量成正比，不是线型增长，而是自动调节的。
从上述说明可以看出，本发明润滑油中的石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料对金属表面陶瓷合金层的生成是有选择性的，它只在金属磨损的部位上复合发生，非磨损部位不会发生化学反应。没有参与化学反应的修复材料仍然可以被润滑油携带着流动，并利用摩擦能量不断修复磨损，当修复量等于磨损量时，修复与磨损处于平衡状态，就实现了瞬间动态零磨损。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，这些具体实施方式都是基于本发明整体构思下的不同实现方式，而且本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，其特征在于，按容积由100N基础油1000ml和石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料20～30ml组成；所述石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料按重量和容积由石墨烯5～10g、蛇纹石粉30～150g、钼粉20～40g、稀土粉15～55g、铜粉90～210g、镍粉35～95g和100N基础油1000～2000ml组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，其特征在于，按容积由100N基础油1000ml和石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料21～29ml组成；所述石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料按重量和容积由石墨烯6～9g、蛇纹石粉31～149g、钼粉21～39g、稀土粉16～54g、铜粉91～209g、镍粉36～94g和100N基础油1100～1900ml组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，其特征在于，按容积由100N基础油1000ml和石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料25ml组成；所述石墨烯基金属表面磨损智能修复材料按重量和容积由石墨烯7g、蛇纹石粉90g、钼粉30g、稀土粉40g、铜粉165g、镍粉65g和100N基础油1500ml组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，其特征在于，所述石墨烯是由1～10层物理法生产的石墨烯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯基节能减排润滑油，其特征在于，所述蛇纹石粉、钼粉、稀土粉、铜粉或镍粉的粒度均小于500纳米。
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