CN106882872B - Method for enhancing denitrification by utilizing constructed wetland plugs - Google Patents

Method for enhancing denitrification by utilizing constructed wetland plugs Download PDF

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CN106882872B
CN106882872B CN201710150600.XA CN201710150600A CN106882872B CN 106882872 B CN106882872 B CN 106882872B CN 201710150600 A CN201710150600 A CN 201710150600A CN 106882872 B CN106882872 B CN 106882872B
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constructed wetland
wetland
plugs
denitrification
blockage
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CN106882872A (en
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付贵萍
庾添玉
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Shenzhen University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C02F2101/163—Nitrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C02F2101/166—Nitrites
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving denitrification efficiency by using constructed wetland plugsA method comprising the steps of: recovering the blockage of the constructed wetland; preparing aged withered plants, and drying; mixing the artificial wetland obstruction with aged withered plants, pretreating with strong alkali solution, performing anaerobic fermentation, recovering supernatant fermentation liquor, and measuring CODCrContent and its total nitrogen content; using fermentation liquor as carbon source according to COD of fermentation liquorCrAdding the N into the inlet water of the artificial wetland in a ratio of 4-8 to perform denitrification treatment on the artificial wetland. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the denitrification efficiency of the low-carbon high-nitrogen sewage can be improved, the reduction treatment of the constructed wetland waste can be realized, the problem that the constructed wetland is influenced by the blockage to operate efficiently for a long time is solved, the secondary pollution is low, the biological denitrification effect is good, and the utilization rate of the blockage as a renewable resource is improved.

Description

Method for enhancing denitrification by utilizing constructed wetland plugs
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a method for enhancing denitrification by utilizing constructed wetland plugs.
Background
As a sewage recycling ecological engineering technology, the constructed wetland has the advantages of low operation cost, simple maintenance, sewage purification function and landscape ecological benefits, and has dual advantages of economy and effect when purifying high-nitrogen sewage. However, from engineering practice, in the process of long-time operation of the artificial wetland, due to the problems of pollution tolerance, improper design or poor management, the artificial wetland is easy to block, and after the artificial wetland is blocked, sewage entering the wetland cannot be in full contact with the filler, so that the contact time with microorganisms and plants is greatly shortened, and the denitrification efficiency is reduced.
The nitrogen in the artificial wetland is mainly removed by means of physiological and biochemical reactions of microorganisms, the denitrification is the last step of denitrification of the artificial wetland, and the process is characterized in that nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are used as electron acceptors and organic carbon in a water body is used as an electron donor under the action of the microorganisms under the anaerobic or hypoxic condition, and the nitrate nitrogen and the nitrite nitrogen are reduced into nitrogen and discharged out of a system. Therefore, the organic carbon source is indispensable as a substrate for denitrification, but the sewage in China generally belongs to low-carbon high-nitrogen water quality at present, and the denitrification effect can be directly limited due to the shortage of the carbon source. Therefore, how to reduce the cost and add a carbon source to improve the denitrification efficiency of the artificial wetland, how to treat the artificial wetland blockage and improve the service life of the artificial wetland becomes a hot spot and a difficult problem of the current domestic and foreign research.
In order to solve the problem of poor denitrification effect when the artificial wetland is used for treating low-carbon-source sewage, domestic and foreign scholars mostly adopt a method of adding liquid organic carbon such as glucose, ethanol, methanol and the like or plant carbon sources into inlet water, generally speaking, the denitrification effect is improved to a certain extent, but the adopted chemical medicines have overhigh cost or toxicity, the time for preparing the carbon source by adopting vegetation is generally 5-7 days, the preparation period is long, the yield is low, and the defects exist. In recent years, research on artificial wetland obstructions also involves much coke, so that the method has the defects of large engineering quantity, high cost, lack of methods for disposing and recycling the obstructions, and the basic characteristics of energy conservation and environmental protection of the artificial wetland technology in the aspects of analysis of the constituents of the obstructions, blockage relieving by means of chemical, physical or biological methods and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention discloses a method for enhancing denitrification by utilizing constructed wetland plugs, which can solve the problems of plug disposal and resource utilization at low cost, and simultaneously remarkably improve the denitrification efficiency of low-carbon sewage treatment by the constructed wetland, and is a high-efficiency multifunctional constructed wetland plug treatment and recycling method.
In contrast, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for enhancing denitrification by utilizing constructed wetland plugs comprises the following steps:
step S1: recovering the blockage of the constructed wetland;
step S2: preparing aged withered plants, and drying;
step S3: mixing the plugs of the constructed wetland in the step S1 with the aged withered plants in the step S2, pretreating with strong alkali liquor until the pH value is 10-14, performing anaerobic fermentation, recovering supernatant fermentation liquor, and measuring COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the supernatant fermentation liquorCrContent and its total nitrogen content;
step S4: taking fermentation liquor as a carbon source, determining the addition amount of the fermentation liquor according to the nitrogen content in the fermentation liquor and sewage, and according to the COD of the fermentation liquorCrAdding the N into the inlet water of the artificial wetland in a ratio of 4-8 to perform denitrification treatment on the artificial wetland.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method improves the denitrification efficiency while realizing the recycling of the artificial wetland blockage resources. Based on the fact that the blockage contains a large amount of available organic matters, the method adopts a fermentation method to promote the release of the total organic matters in the blockage to soluble organic matters so as to obtain high-yield organic matters and a novel carbon source with low content of nitrogen, thereby reducing the risk of secondary pollution.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the fermentation conditions are as follows: in a fermentation system, the solid-liquid ratio of the artificial wetland blockage to the water is 5-10, and the solid-liquid ratio of the input aged and withered plants to the water is 1: 35-45; adding alkali liquor to adjust the pH value to 10-14, stirring and sealing at 20-28 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 120-150 rpm/min, continuously fermenting for 3-5 days, and then recovering supernatant fermentation liquor.
As a further improvement of the invention, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the constructed wetland plugs to the water is in the range of 7-9.
As a further improvement of the invention, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the input aged withered plants to water is 1: 40.
As a further improvement of the invention, a lye is added to adjust the pH to 12.
As a further improvement of the invention, in step S1, the blockage is dug out during the stop period of the artificial wetland, and large particle impurities of stones and plant residues are removed and then the artificial wetland is placed in a cool place for storage.
In a further improvement of the invention, in step S2, the aged and withered plants are harvested wetland aged and withered plants in the artificial wetland alternate resting period.
As a further improvement of the method, the aged and withered plants are cut into sections according to the length of 1-3 cm, and the sections are dried at the temperature of 50-65 ℃ for later use.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method for enhancing denitrification by utilizing the constructed wetland blockage comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) recovering the constructed wetland blockages: and (3) digging and taking the blockage in the stop period of the artificial wetland, removing large-particle impurities such as stones and plant residues, and then placing the blockage in a shade place for storage.
(2) And (3) harvesting the plants in the artificial wetland: and harvesting plants aged and withered in the constructed wetland in the alternate rest period of the constructed wetland, cutting the recovered wetland plants into small sections of 1-3 cm, and drying at 50-65 ℃.
(3) Putting the recovered constructed wetland blockage and plants in a fermentation reactor such as a triangular flask and the like in proportion, and performing anaerobic fermentation by using strong alkali liquor pretreatment, wherein the fermentation conditions are as follows: the solid-liquid ratio of the artificial wetland blockage to the water in the fermentation system is 5-10, and the ratio of the wetland plants to the water is 1: 40. Adding NaOH to adjust the pH value to 12, sealing the reactor, continuously fermenting for 3-5 days at 20-28 ℃ and at the rotating speed of 120-150 rpm/min, recovering supernatant fermentation liquor as a carbon source, and measuring the COD of the supernatant fermentation liquorCrContent and total nitrogen content.
(4) The fermentation liquor is treated according to CODCrThe ratio of N/N is 4-8, the nitrogen removal efficiency of the constructed wetland can be improved, and the waste blockage and wetland plants can be recycled.
The invention provides a simple and easily-obtained method for extracting an organic carbon source and improving the denitrification efficiency of the organic carbon source by utilizing waste plugs and wetland plants in an artificial wetland, which can greatly improve the preparation amount of the carbon source, shorten the preparation time of the carbon source to 3-4 days and is also beneficial to improving the denitrification efficiency of the artificial wetland. The carbon source preparation materials, namely the blockage and the plant, belong to the waste in the artificial wetland, are free and easily available, and the problem of artificial wetland blockage caused by the waste can be effectively prevented while the artificial wetland waste is treated and recycled, so that the effect of prolonging the service life of the artificial wetland is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the plug fermentation utilized by the invention can efficiently obtain a large amount of organic carbon sources which can be utilized by denitrifying bacteria in a short time, and the nitrogen content of the fermentation additional product is low, so that the secondary pollution of the system can not be caused.
Secondly, the method is simple to operate, does not need strict anaerobic conditions, and can greatly improve the denitrification efficiency, thereby improving the total nitrogen removal effect of the constructed wetland.
Thirdly, the fermentation materials used in the invention all belong to the natural waste of the artificial wetland, the reduction treatment of the artificial wetland waste can be realized through resource recycling, the reduction effect of the blockage is obvious, and the average reduction rate of the blockage is more than 40%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the contents of carbon and nitrogen sources generated before and after three days of fermentation of plugs according to an embodiment of the present invention alone.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the contents of carbon and nitrogen sources produced by the combined fermentation of the plug and the plant according to the example of the present invention before and after three days.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
Example 1
Carbon source preparation for individual plugs: digging a plug from the constructed wetland system to measure that the water content is 63 percent, weighing 165g after removing large-particle impurities in a 2L triangular flask, adding 1.5L of water, adjusting the pH to 12 by using 10M sodium hydroxide, taking a preservative film to seal the opening of the flask, continuously fermenting for three days at the temperature of 120rpm/min in a shaking table 28 ℃, wherein the release amount of an organic carbon source and total nitrogen is shown in figure 1, and the result shows that COD can be obtained from the third dayCrThe content of the high-carbon low-nitrogen carbon source is 1600mg/L, and the TN content is less than 6 mg/L.
Plug + carbon source preparation of plants: harvesting the common grass carp from the constructed wetland system, cutting the common grass carp to small sections of about 2cm by using scissors, drying water, adding 37.5g of the common grass carp and 165g of a blockage according to the proportion, adding 1.5L of water, adjusting the pH value to 12 by using 10M sodium hydroxide, taking a preservative film to seal a bottle opening, continuously fermenting for three days at the temperature of 28 ℃ in a shaking table and at the speed of 120rpm/min, wherein the release amount of an organic carbon source and total nitrogen is shown in figure 2, and the result shows that the carbon source release amount of the blockage can be greatly increased to COD (chemical oxygen demand) under the action of combined plantsCrThe content is 6000mg/L, and the TN content is reduced to 1.5 mg/L.
The denitrification experiment verifies the effect of the carbon source on denitrification: taking 10g of substrate of the lower layer of the artificial wetland into a triangular flask of 50ml, and adding 40ml of artificial sewage into the triangular flask, wherein the sewage only contains total nitrogen and is prepared from nitrate15mg/L, respectively adding a certain amount of different fermentation liquor as carbon source to regulate CODCrthe/TN was 6, the blank was repeated 3 times without addition of carbon source. Placing the triangular flask in a sealed tank, vacuumizing the sealed tank to vacuum state with a vacuum pump, filling nitrogen into the sealed tank with a nitrogen bottle to ensure that the sealed tank is in anaerobic state, placing the sealed tank in a constant temperature incubator at 37 ℃ for culturing, and measuring the removal rate of total nitrogen and organic carbon after 3 days, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 the plug and plant fermentation broth were added to simulate the denitrification effect of the constructed wetland substrate with COD/N of 6.
Figure BDA0001245455260000041
It can be seen from the comparison of table 1 that the results after the standing culture indicate that the blank group without adding the carbon source is not beneficial to the removal of the total nitrogen, the total nitrogen removal rate is 0, and the experimental group with the addition of the independent plug fermentation liquid as the carbon source can improve the total nitrogen removal rate by 27%, and in the experimental group with the addition of the plug and the plant fermentation as the carbon source, the removal rate of the constructed wetland system substrate to the total nitrogen can reach more than 92%, the total nitrogen removal rate is greatly improved, and the removal rate of the organic carbon also reaches more than 75%. Meanwhile, the reduction of the dry weight of the fermented blockage reaches 44%, and the resource recycling of the blockage is effectively realized.
Example 2
Taking a plug from the constructed wetland system, removing large-particle impurities, weighing 110g in a 2L triangular flask, adding 25g of dried saxifrage plants, adding 1L of water according to the solid-liquid ratio, adjusting the pH value to 12 with 10M sodium hydroxide, taking a preservative film to seal the bottle mouth, and continuously fermenting for 3 days at the temperature of 120rpm/min in a shaking table at 28 ℃. Taking supernatant of fermentation liquor to determine CODCrThe content is 3572mg/L, and the carbon source is collected according to CODCrThe ratio of/N is 6, the nitrogen removal effect is measured after the system operates for one day, and the removal rate of the total nitrogen can be improved to 98% from 53% of a control group without adding the plug fermentation liquor.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The method for enhancing denitrification by using constructed wetland plugs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: recovering the blockage of the constructed wetland;
step S2: preparing aged withered plants, and drying;
step S3: mixing the plugs of the constructed wetland in the step S1 with the aged withered plants in the step S2, pretreating with strong alkali liquor until the pH value is 10-14, performing anaerobic fermentation, recovering supernatant fermentation liquor, and measuring COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the supernatant fermentation liquorCrContent and its total nitrogen content;
step S4: taking fermentation liquor as a carbon source, determining the addition amount of the fermentation liquor according to the nitrogen content in the fermentation liquor and sewage, and according to the COD of the fermentation liquorCrAdding the N and the N in a ratio of 4-8 into inlet water of the artificial wetland to perform denitrification treatment on the artificial wetland;
in step S3, the fermentation conditions were as follows: in a fermentation system, the solid-liquid ratio of the constructed wetland blockage to the water is 5-10, and the solid-liquid ratio of the input aged withered plants to the water is 1: 35-45; adding alkali liquor to adjust the pH value to 10-14, stirring and sealing at 20-28 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 120-150 rpm/min, continuously fermenting for 3-5 days, and then recovering supernatant fermentation liquor.
2. The method for enhancing denitrification by using constructed wetland plugs as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the solid-liquid ratio of the constructed wetland blockage to the water is 7-9.
3. The method for enhancing denitrification by using constructed wetland plugs as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the solid-liquid ratio of the input aged and withered plants to the water is 1: 40.
4. The method for enhancing denitrification by using constructed wetland plugs as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: adjusting pH to 12 by adding alkali solution.
5. The method for enhancing denitrification by using constructed wetland plugs as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the blockage is dug out during the stop period of the artificial wetland, and large-particle impurities of stones and plant residues are removed and then the blocks are placed in a cool place for storage.
6. The method for enhancing denitrification by using constructed wetland plugs as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the aged and withered plants are harvested in the artificial wetland in the alternate resting period.
7. The method for enhancing denitrification by using constructed wetland plugs as recited in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and cutting the aged and withered plants into sections according to the length of 1-3 cm, and drying at 50-65 ℃ for later use.
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