CN106879875A - 含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106879875A
CN106879875A CN201611268094.6A CN201611268094A CN106879875A CN 106879875 A CN106879875 A CN 106879875A CN 201611268094 A CN201611268094 A CN 201611268094A CN 106879875 A CN106879875 A CN 106879875A
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于梦楠
蒋玉明
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Xinchang Field Spring Aquaculture Technology Development Co Ltd
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Xinchang Field Spring Aquaculture Technology Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料及其制备方法,包括以下步骤：（1）制备；（2）粉碎；（3）混合；（4）超微粉碎；（5）制粒。本发明饲料够抑制铁锚虫病，防治鳗鱼出血性开口病，提高机体免疫力，高成活率，不仅可以治疗鳗鱼出血性开口病，提高机体的防御抗病邪能力，还可以提高鳗鱼的生产性能，消费者食用此类鳗鱼后起到很好的保健作用，提高养殖者的经济效益。

Description

含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种鱼类饲料及其制备方法，尤其是涉及一种含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
鳗鱼是一种降河性洄游鱼类，原产于海中，溯河到淡水内长大，后回到海中产卵。每年春季，大批幼鳗（也称白仔、鳗线）成群自大海进入江河口。它是传统名贵鱼类，也是世界上最神秘的鱼类之一。它的生长过程极为奇特，先是在海水中产卵成苗，后又进入淡水成长。鳗鱼在“绝食”一年半后仍能生存，养殖的鳗鱼寿命可长达50年。但是鳗鱼由比较容易患病，尤其是鳗鱼出血性开口病在我国福建、广东有病例报道。主要危害1足龄以上的鳗鱼。5-10月为发病季节，发病高峰为7-8月，死亡率可达90％。患病鳗鱼表现为严重出血，主要是颅腔出血，其次是口腔及头部肌肉出血。病鱼骨质疏松，易发生骨碎裂，颅腔出现“开天窗”；齿骨与关节骨之间的连接处松脱，口腔常张开，不能闭合。肝、脾、肾肿大，极度贫血。对病鳗血液进行超薄切片观察，在血细胞内可见到病毒颗粒。组织病理变化：肝、肾、脾脏组织出血、细胞变性、骨质内有大量白细胞浸润、肝、肾、脾脏细胞超微结构病理变化明显，肾、脾脏造血组织和外周血细胞出现核染色质边集、奇异形核、大量髓鞘样结构，自噬体和自噬溶酶体等，并可见类似凋亡细胞及凋亡小体结构和邻近细胞内吞噬体增多现象。西医治疗鳗鱼出血性开口病目前尚无有效的防治方法，主要是在综合性预防的基础上，全池遍洒杀菌药，以防细菌感染而加重病情。大量患病鳗鱼给养殖者带来巨大的经济损失，市场急需一种能够有效治疗鳗鱼出血性开口病的药物，或饲料以满足市场的需求，有效防治鳗鱼出血性开口病，最大程度降低鳗鱼养殖的风险与经济损失。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种含有中药添加剂鳗鱼饲料及其制备方法。该饲料中包括能够抑制铁锚虫病，防治鳗鱼出血性开口病，促进恢复，提高机体免疫力，高成活率。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了一种含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料由以下成份及其重量组分组成：豆饼15-21份、棉饼16-25份、米糠21-29份、鼓皮24-29份、鱼粉3-7份、稻草5-8份、骨粉2-6份、食盐1-4份、欲皮0.3-1.5份、维生素预混料0.05-0.1份、中药添加剂2-5份；所述中药添加剂中各原料药材的份数为灵芝10-20份、苍术15-25份、淮山药10-20份、神曲12-17份、枳实17-25份、白头翁10-17份、生山楂10-14份、乌贼骨14-20份、谷芽1-3份、蝉蜕0.1-1份、党参10-15份、生甘草14-20份、赖氨酸10-16份、蛋氨酸13-19份、蒲公英12-17份、荆芥10-15份、木贼15-20份、黄芩10-15份、黄莲15-22份、黄芬13-17份、苦参金15-20份、银花10-16份、秦皮12-24份。含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：粉碎步骤：按重量百分比称取豆饼，棉饼，米糠，鼓皮，鱼粉，稻草，投入粉碎机进行粉碎；将所述各原料药材按比例混合，将干燥的生甘草、生山楂、党参等用粉碎机粉碎，过筛，备用；混合步骤：按重量百分比将骨粉，食盐，欲皮，骨粉，维生素预混料和中药添加剂预混合后，再与粉碎步骤中得到的粉碎物料充分混合；
超微粉碎步骤：投入粉碎机进行超微粉碎；制粒步骤：投入制粒机，在70-80℃下制粒，使其糊化度达到90%。原料放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎的时间为1～2小时。上述粉碎均为细粉过300目-400目筛。
本发明具有如下优点：本发明饲料够抑制铁锚虫病，防治鳗鱼出血性开口病，提高机体免疫力，高成活率，不仅可以治疗鳗鱼出血性开口病，提高机体的防御抗病邪能力，还可以提高鳗鱼的生产性能，消费者食用此类鳗鱼后起到很好的保健作用，提高养殖者的经济效益。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例作进一步的描述
实施例1：
一种含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料由以下成份及其重量组分组成：豆饼15-21份、棉饼16-25份、米糠21-29份、鼓皮24-29份、鱼粉3-7份、稻草5-8份、骨粉2-6份、食盐1-4份、欲皮0.3-1.5份、维生素预混料0.05-0.1份、中药添加剂2-5份；所述中药添加剂中各原料药材的份数为灵芝10-20份、苍术15-25份、淮山药10-20份、神曲12-17份、枳实17-25份、白头翁10-17份、生山楂10-14份、乌贼骨14-20份、谷芽1-3份、蝉蜕0.1-1份、党参10-15份、生甘草14-20份、赖氨酸10-16份、蛋氨酸13-19份、蒲公英12-17份、荆芥10-15份、木贼15-20份、黄芩10-15份、黄莲15-22份、黄芬13-17份、苦参金15-20份、银花10-16份、秦皮12-24份，谷芽和蝉蜕通过生甘草、白头翁可抑制铁锚虫病，从而预防防治鳗鱼出血性开口病，同时在一定程度上具有促进年恢复的作用。含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：粉碎步骤：按重量百分比称取豆饼，棉饼，米糠，鼓皮，鱼粉，稻草，投入粉碎机进行粉碎；将所述各原料药材按比例混合，将干燥的生甘草、生山楂、党参等用粉碎机粉碎，过筛，备用；混合步骤：按重量百分比将骨粉，食盐，欲皮，骨粉，维生素预混料和中药添加剂预混合后，再与粉碎步骤中得到的粉碎物料充分混合；超微粉碎步骤：投入粉碎机进行超微粉碎；制粒步骤：投入制粒机，在70-80℃下制粒，使其糊化度达到90%。原料放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎的时间为1～2小时。上述粉碎均为细粉过300目-400目筛。
实施例2：
上述饲料中各原料的份数优选为：豆饼15份、棉饼16份、米糠21份、鼓皮24份、鱼粉3份、稻草5份、骨粉2份、食盐1份、欲皮0.3份、维生素预混料0.05份、中药添加剂2份。
实施例3：
上述饲料中各原料的份数优选为：豆饼20份、棉饼24份、米糠28份、鼓皮28份、鱼粉6份、稻草7份、骨粉5份、食盐3份、欲皮1.4份、维生素预混料0.09份、中药添加剂4份。
上述中药添加剂包括以下原料药材：灵芝、苍术、淮山药、神曲、枳实、白头翁、生山楂、乌贼骨、党参、生甘草、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、蒲公英、荆芥、木贼、黄芩、黄莲、黄芬、苦参金、银花、秦皮。
上述中药添加剂中各原料药材的份数为：灵芝15份、苍术19份、淮山药15份、神曲15份、枳实20份、白头翁14份、生山楂12份、乌贼骨17份、党参12份、生甘草17份、赖氨酸13份、蛋氨酸17份、蒲公英14份、荆芥12份、木贼18份、黄芩12份、黄莲18份、黄芬15份、苦参金17份、银花13份、秦皮17份。
中草药是我国特有的中医药理论与实践的产物，其资源丰富、历史悠久。中草药免疫活性物质能提高机体免疫机能、抗应激、抗病、改善动物生产性能，且具有无残留、不易产生耐药性等优点，同时还含有多种营养成分和生物活性物质，兼有药物和营养的双重作用。为了进一步验证本发明的中药添加剂的抗菌性，特进行以下对照。
中草药饲料添加剂对大肠杆菌的抑菌率
组别 抑制率/%
对照 - -
饲料添加剂 1.00 122.65
以上上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料由以下成份及其重量组分组成：豆饼15-21份、棉饼16-25份、米糠21-29份、鼓皮24-29份、鱼粉3-7份、稻草5-8份、骨粉2-6份、食盐1-4份、欲皮0.3-1.5份、维生素预混料0.05-0.1份、中药添加剂2-5份；所述中药添加剂中各原料药材的份数为灵芝10-20份、苍术15-25份、淮山药10-20份、神曲12-17份、枳实17-25份、白头翁10-17份、生山楂10-14份、乌贼骨14-20份、谷芽1-3份、蝉蜕0.1-1份、党参10-15份、生甘草14-20份、赖氨酸10-16份、蛋氨酸13-19份、蒲公英12-17份、荆芥10-15份、木贼15-20份、黄芩10-15份、黄莲15-22份、黄芬13-17份、苦参金15-20份、银花10-16份、秦皮12-24份。
2.含有中药添加剂的鳗鱼饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）粉碎步骤：按重量百分比称取豆饼，棉饼，米糠，鼓皮，鱼粉，稻草，投入粉碎机进行粉碎；
2）将所述各原料药材按比例混合，将干燥的生甘草、生山楂、党参等用粉碎机粉碎，过筛，备用；
3）混合步骤：按重量百分比将骨粉，食盐，欲皮，骨粉，维生素预混料和中药添加剂预混合后，再与粉碎步骤中得到的粉碎物料充分混合；
4）超微粉碎步骤：投入粉碎机进行超微粉碎；制粒步骤：投入制粒机，在70-80℃下制粒，使其糊化度达到90%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的鳗鱼配合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2）中，原料放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎的时间为1～2小时。
4.根据权利要求2所述的鳗鱼配合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述粉碎均为细粉过300目-400目筛。
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