CN106872660B - Deepwater gas well ground shut-in stage natural gas hydrate growth simulation device - Google Patents
Deepwater gas well ground shut-in stage natural gas hydrate growth simulation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a natural gas hydrate growth simulation device for a ground shut-in stage of a deep water gas well, which consists of a reaction pipe column, a constant temperature control system, a natural gas supply system, a natural gas pressurization system, a liquid supply system, an excretion system, a parameter monitoring and data acquisition system and a computer terminal. The device can be used for simulating the growth condition of hydrate in the process of testing the ground shut-in of the deepwater gas well and obtaining the growth rule of hydrate under the conditions of different water contents, temperatures, pressures and the like, so that the device is used for researching the feasibility of a 'two-switch' production system for testing the deepwater gas well and providing reference for reasonably formulating a working system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deepwater gas well exploration and development, in particular to a device for simulating the growth of a natural gas hydrate in a well shut-in stage in a deepwater gas well testing process.
Background
Natural gas hydrates are cage-type compounds formed from natural gas and water at low temperatures above freezing and under certain pressure conditions that look like ice but have a crystal structure that differs from ice. Wherein, water molecules form a main body crystal network by means of hydrogen bonds, and holes in crystal lattices are filled with light hydrocarbon (methane, ethane, propane and isobutane) or non-light hydrocarbon (nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide) molecules, namely, so-called object molecules.
During the exploration and development of deep water gas well, methane CH is mainly formed4Methane hydrate which is the guest molecule. The formation of the hydrate needs to go through two stages of nucleation and growth, after the hydrate is nucleated, the hydrate can continue to grow only under the condition that the conditions are proper, otherwise, the growth process cannot continue. The suitable growth conditions are: the solution around the hydrate core is in a supersaturated state, the surrounding environment has proper low-temperature high-pressure conditions and good heat dissipation conditions, and meanwhile, the gas-liquid contact area is large enough, which is beneficial to substance transfer. Many studies in the present stage have proved that the initial well opening stage and the well closing stage in the deep water gas well testing process are two stages with the highest risk of hydrate forming blockage.
The current testing work for deepwater gas wells is established from the perspective of avoiding hydrate formation, and does not consider the process of hydrate growth. However, in the actual testing process, the testing work is affected only when the hydrate grows to a certain extent, and great troubles are brought to the subsequent drilling, mining and other works. Therefore, if a set of reasonable simulation method and device can be provided for the growth condition of the hydrate during the shut-in period of the deepwater gas well, the method and device have certain reference significance for making a test working system, and are beneficial to improving economic benefits and reducing potential safety hazards.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the deep water gas well development, the invention provides a hydrate growth simulation device in the well closing stage in the deep water gas well testing process. The device can be used for simulating the growth condition of hydrate in the process of testing the ground shut-in of the deepwater gas well and obtaining the growth rule of hydrate under the conditions of different water contents, temperatures, pressures and the like, so that the device is used for researching the feasibility of a 'two-switch' production system for testing the deepwater gas well and providing reference for reasonably formulating a working system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a hydrate growth simulation device at a ground shut-in stage in a deepwater gas well testing process comprises a reaction pipe column, a constant temperature control system, a natural gas supply system, a natural gas pressurization system, a liquid supply system, an excretion system, a parameter monitoring and data acquisition system and a computer terminal; wherein:
the reaction pipe column provides a place for the reaction of water and natural gas, and the lower end of the reaction pipe column is respectively connected with the liquid supply system and the natural gas pressurization system through pipelines; the natural gas pressurization system is connected with the natural gas supply system through a pipeline; the upper end of the reaction pipe column is connected with the drainage system pipeline;
the natural gas supply system is used for injecting natural gas into the reaction pipe column;
the natural gas pressurization system is used for pressurizing natural gas provided by the natural gas supply system and vacuumizing the reaction tubular column;
the liquid supply system is used for injecting liquid into the reaction column and maintaining the liquid level in the reaction column;
the liquid discharge system is used for discharging natural gas and liquid after the reaction is finished;
the constant temperature control system comprises a local temperature control device arranged on the reaction column, a first temperature control tank internally provided with the reaction column and a second temperature control tank internally provided with the liquid supply system and the natural gas supply system; the constant temperature control system is used for controlling the temperature gradient and the overall temperature of the reaction tubular column, and the temperatures of the liquid supply system and the natural gas supply system;
and the parameter monitoring and data acquisition system transmits data to the computer terminal through the sensors arranged in each system to be tested.
Through the mutual cooperation of the systems, the growth condition of the hydrate at the ground well closing stage in the deep water gas well testing process can be simulated to the greatest extent, so that the growth rule of the hydrate under the conditions of different water contents, temperatures, pressures and the like is obtained, the feasibility of a 'two-switch' production system for testing the deep water gas well is favorably researched, and reference is provided for reasonably formulating a working system.
The following is a detailed description of the systems:
the reaction column comprises two types: one is a reaction column made of stainless steel material capable of bearing at least 30MPa pressure; the other is a visual reaction column made of sapphire or high-strength glass capable of bearing at least 10MPa of pressure.
The upper end and the lower end of the reaction pipe column are both provided with flanges, a flange plug at the lower end is provided with a connector, and the connectors are respectively connected with the natural gas pressurization system and the liquid supply system.
And positions for mounting various sensors are reserved on the reaction tubular column kettle body. A camera is arranged on the side surface of the visual reaction pipe column to shoot and record the growth condition of the hydrate in the reaction pipe column, and image information is transmitted to a computer. The reaction pipe column made of stainless steel measures the growth thickness of the hydrate layer through a hydrate thickness measuring sensor, and the computer records the growth data of the hydrate. The reaction column mainly provides a place for generating the hydrate, and the generated hydrate can be attached to the wall of the reaction column.
The constant temperature control system mainly comprises two temperature control tanks and a local temperature control device arranged on the reaction pipe column.
One of the temperature control grooves is used for adjusting and controlling the temperature of water and natural gas injected into the reaction pipe column, and the other one is used for controlling the overall environment temperature of the reaction pipe column.
The local temperature control device is used for adjusting the temperature of different positions in the reaction pipe column to enable the temperature to simulate the distribution of the temperature field in the test pipe column in the deep water test process, so that the growth speed of the hydrate is controlled, and the evaporation speed of water is controlled. The temperature distribution field is not a single increasing or single decreasing temperature gradient, but is divided into two sections (i.e., the temperature decreases from sea level to mudline and increases from mudline to gas reservoir depth). The local temperature control device realizes the simulation of a temperature distribution field through two-section temperature regulation, firstly reduces the overall tubular column temperature of the reaction tubular column through the temperature control tank, then heats the local position of the tubular column, changes the distribution of the tubular column temperature field, and simulates the actual situation of the site. Different temperatures may be possible for non-ventilated reservoirs, different oceans, and therefore the adjustable temperature range of the local temperature control means is between 0-90 ℃.
The natural gas supply system is used for injecting experimental natural gas into the reaction pipe column and mainly comprises a gas tank and an air inlet valve;
the natural gas pressurization system mainly comprises a booster pump and a vacuum pump. The booster pump is used for boosting the natural gas output by the natural gas supply system and adjusting the reaction pressure in the reaction pipe column. The gas output from the natural gas supply system is pressurized by a booster pump of the natural gas pressurization system and then injected into the reaction pipe column. The vacuum pump is used for pumping the reaction column to a vacuum state before gas injection.
The liquid supply system mainly comprises a liquid inlet valve, an electric pump and a water supply tank. The liquid supply system is used for supplying liquid into the reaction column and maintaining the liquid level in the reaction column.
The drainage system mainly comprises a drainage valve and a drainage tank.
The parameter monitoring and data acquisition system mainly comprises a gas flowmeter, a liquid temperature sensor, four temperature sensors, two gas pressure sensors, a hydrate layer ultrasonic thickness sensor and a hygrometer. The parameter monitoring and data acquisition system is used for monitoring parameters such as gas and liquid consumption conditions, temperature, pressure and humidity change conditions, the thickness of a hydrate layer on the inner wall of the reaction pipe column, reaction time and the like in the reaction pipe column, acquiring and transmitting the parameters to the computer terminal.
All pipeline connection modes in the invention adopt high-pressure resistant stainless steel pipelines.
The invention further provides a method for judging the hydrate formation risk degree by using the simulation device, which comprises the following steps: inside the reaction column, hydrates grow adherently and gradually thicken in the form of a hydrate layer. The hydrate layer preferentially grows at the position simulating the mud line in the pipe column, and the adherent growth speed of the hydrate at each position of the pipe column is different. If the hydrate layer grows and completely blocks the shaft in the closing time, the ground closing mode is not suitable for use under the temperature and pressure condition, the frequency of opening and closing the well is reduced as much as possible, and hydrate inhibiting measures are taken according to actual conditions. If the hydrate layer forms a certain thickness but does not block the whole tubular column, whether the blocking risk is formed can be judged according to the situation after the well is opened again. The specific judgment method is as follows:
assuming that the wall hydrate thickness is d, the radius of the gas flow cross section is (L-2d)/2, and the gas flow velocity is:
wherein L is the diameter of the shaft, m; q is the gas flow, m3/d。
The resultant force on the wall hydrate particles is:
F＝Ff-Gcosθ-Fc
the gravity, the drag force and the like are substituted
When the hydrate particles are in a stress equilibrium critical state, the resultant force F is 0, and then
The gas flow cross-sectional radius at this time is:
thickness of hydrate at this time
When R is larger than R, the gas flow velocity in the shaft is increased along with the reduction of the gas flow state area and the re-opening of the well for fixed production Q, and the corresponding drag force is increased, so that the hydrate in the shaft can not form agglomeration and blockage.
When R < R, it indicates that drag cannot carry hydrate to the wellhead at this open-hole production, a plug may form in the wellbore.
The technical effects of the scheme of the invention are as follows:
(1) a dual temperature control system comprising a temperature control groove and a local temperature control device is utilized to simulate the temperature field distribution in a shaft during the closing of the well, so that the temperature of a hydrate generation area is separated from the temperature of a water evaporation area at the bottom of a reaction column kettle, and the actual condition of adopting ground well closing in field test work is approached to the maximum extent;
(2) the invention designs two reaction pipe columns, which are suitable for simulating the growth condition of the hydrate of the ground well-closing under different pressure conditions. The adhesion position of the hydrate on the reaction column can be directly observed by using the visual column under the low-pressure condition. Meanwhile, the two reaction tubular columns can measure the flow pressure change of the gas phase and the liquid phase through the data acquisition system, calculate the consumption of the gas phase and the liquid phase in the growth process of generating the hydrate, and obtain the growth speed of the hydrate under the experimental condition by combining the numerical value of the thickness sensor of the hydrate layer, thereby having the guiding function on the field test work;
(3) the invention combines the gas-water distribution rule with the growth condition of the hydrate during the shut-in period, and influences the speed of water vapor diffusion by changing the height of the liquid level in the reaction pipe column and the temperature of the reaction pipe column at the effusion; according to the hydrate formation risk conditions under the conditions of different liquid level heights and temperatures, whether hydrate inhibition measures are taken according to different gas reservoir temperatures and different liquid accumulation heights during field test work is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the growth of hydrate in a well shut-in area on the ground for testing a deepwater gas well.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the growth of hydrates under the condition that gas in a deepwater gas well test string is a continuous phase.
FIG. 3 is a growth principle diagram of hydrates formed by liquid drops in a deepwater gas well testing pipe column.
FIG. 4 is a working principle block diagram of a hydrate growth simulation device for a ground shut-in well for testing a deepwater gas well.
FIG. 5 is a system diagram of a hydrate growth simulation device for surface shut-in of a water gas well test.
FIG. 6 is a structural view of a pressure-resistant reaction column.
In the figure:
1. a reaction column; 2. a constant temperature control system; 2-a, a temperature control groove; 2-b, a temperature control groove; 3. a flange plug; 4. a gas flow meter; 5. an air valve; 6. a booster pump; 7. a gas tank; 8. a liquid inlet valve; 9. a water supply tank; 10. a liquid flow meter; 11. an electric pump; 12. a vacuum pump; 13. a drain valve; 14. a drain tank; 15. a computer; 16. a hydrate layer thickness measuring sensor; 17. an intake air temperature sensor; 18. an intake air pressure sensor; 19. a liquid temperature sensor; 20. a local temperature control device; 21. a temperature sensor in the reaction column; 22. a hygrometer; 23. a gas pressure sensor; 24. a fluid injection port; 25. a temperature sensor mounting interface; 26. a pressure sensor mounting interface; 27. a fluid discharge port; 28. a hygrometer sensor mounting interface; 29. a tubular column local temperature control device; 30. a camera; 31. hydrate thickness ultrasonic sensor installation interface.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hydrate growth at a well closing stage on the ground of deep water gas well testing, and a 'water splashing and icing' type growth characteristic model is established for the growth of the hydrate in a testing pipe column. In the testing shut-in stage of the deepwater gas well, a gas phase in a testing pipe column is a continuous phase, water vapor molecules are dissolved in the gas phase, and a small amount of small droplets are carried in the gas phase. After the well is closed on the ground, the liquid phase on the inner wall of the test pipe column mainly exists in the form of a liquid film, and the liquid film can gradually slide down to the bottom of the well under the action of gravity because the well closing fluid does not flow. The water vapor in the shaft moves randomly and freely, some water vapor molecules move to the liquid film on the wall of the test tube column in the moving process, and the nucleation of the hydrate is heterogeneous nucleation and occurs at a gas-liquid interface, so that the hydrate nucleates and grows on the surface of the liquid film on the wall of the test tube column, and the water vapor and the methane are consumed at the position. Because of the concentration difference existing in the shaft due to the consumption of the water vapor, water at the bottom of the shaft can evaporate out water molecules under the action of the concentration difference, and the water vapor molecules can diffuse upwards to a hydrate generation area to further promote the growth of the hydrate. The hydrate layer is a membrane-shaped structure with pores, gas phase and liquid phase are in diffusion contact through the pores, and the hydrate grows continuously. As the hydrate grows, the pores become progressively smaller until completely filled with hydrate. At this point the gas phase is separated from the liquid phase and no further nucleation of growth occurs. If a liquid film still remains on the inner wall of the test string, the liquid film can be further transported downwards under the action of gravity, and finally only a hydrate layer is left to be attached to the inner wall of the test string.
FIG. 3 is a growth principle diagram of hydrates formed by liquid drops in a deepwater gas well testing pipe column. In the shut-in phase, there are some small amount of atomized droplets in addition to the water vapor molecules dissolved in the gas phase. The mist-like liquid drops are fully contacted with gas phase molecules in a shaft, a thin hydrate film is formed on a contact interface of gas and the liquid drops, the hydrate film is of a porous structure, the gas phase molecules and the liquid phase molecules are transmitted through the pores, liquid in the film is continuously consumed, the hydrate film gradually thickens, and hydrates grow. For smaller droplets, hydrate particles will eventually form, which will slide down under the action of gravity, possibly stagnating and adhering to the inner wall of the test string when encountering the borehole wall. For larger droplets, the hydrate film is thicker at the later stage of the growth stage, so that the diffusion of liquid-phase and gas-phase molecules is hindered, the later growth speed is slow, and finally hydrate particles containing liquid inside are formed.
Fig. 4 is a system diagram of a hydrate growth simulation device for testing a deepwater gas well, and the following description is provided for the hydrate growth simulation experiment steps during the deepwater testing ground well shut-in period (a reaction column adopts a pressure-resistant 10MPa visual reaction column):
(1) pre-treating a reaction column: and after the sealing performance of the reaction column is detected, washing the reaction column. And connecting the pretreated reaction column with other devices, and checking the sealing condition of the pipeline connection, wherein all valves are in a closed state.
(2) Treating a reaction column: the reaction column is evacuated to a vacuum state by the vacuum pump 12, and the vacuum pump 12 is turned off.
(3) Temperature control: the temperature of the reaction column 1 is controlled to the temperature condition at the seabed mud line in the test process by using the temperature control groove 2-a, and the temperature in the gas tank 7 and the water supply tank 9 is adjusted to the temperature condition in the gas reservoir in the test process by using the temperature control groove 2-b. The local temperature control device 20 is adjusted to heat the reaction column, so that the temperature distribution condition in the reaction column is changed, and the test column temperature field condition in the deep water gas well test process is simulated.
(4) Injecting an experimental liquid: the liquid inlet valve 8 is opened, the liquid level height is observed through the visual reaction pipe column, the required experimental liquid is pumped into the reaction pipe column to the specified height by utilizing the electric pump 11, and the liquid inlet valve 8 and the electric pump 11 are closed.
(5) Injecting an experimental gas: open admission valve 5 and booster pump 6, to reaction interior gas feed of tubular column and pressure boost, through the gas pressure sensor 23 monitoring reaction tubular column internal pressure size in the reaction tubular column, when reaching the experimental pressure in the reaction tubular column, close admission valve 5 and booster pump 6, monitoring reaction tubular column internal pressure, if can keep a period of time stable unchangeable can carry out operation on next step.
(6) Shooting and recording: and after the experiment temperature is adjusted, the camera is opened to shoot and record the hydrate generation area in the reaction kettle.
(7) The growth process of the hydrate is as follows: the time is started at the same time when the photographing is started, and the growth of the hydrate layer is observed based on the data transmitted from the hydrate layer thickness measuring sensor 16 to the computer 15 and the image photographed by the camera.
(8) Draining and exhausting: after the specified time of the experiment is reached, the drain valve 13 is opened to discharge the gas in the reaction column, and the liquid inlet valve 5 is opened to discharge the residual water at the bottom of the reaction column into the water supply tank 9. And (4) disassembling the flange plug 3 on the reaction pipe column 1, and observing the growth condition of the hydrate layer in the reaction pipe column.
(9) The working conditions of the parameter detection and data acquisition processing system are as follows: the gas flow meter 4 monitors the flow of the gas injected into the reaction column; the liquid flow meter 10 monitors the flow of liquid injected into the reaction column; the gas inlet temperature sensor 17 monitors the temperature of the gas injected into the reaction column and provides temperature reference for the local temperature control device; the liquid temperature sensor 19 monitors the temperature of the liquid injected into the reaction tube column by the reaction tube and provides temperature reference for the temperature control device; a gas pressure sensor 23 in the column monitors the pressure in the reaction column and provides reference for a pressurization system; the temperature sensor 21 in the column monitors the temperature in the column in the reaction process and provides reference for a local temperature control device; the hygrometer 22 monitors the change of the water content in the reaction column in the growth process of the hydrate; the hydrate layer thickness sensor 16 monitors the growth thickness change of the hydrate layer during the hydrate growth process. All sensors in the system monitor parameters and transmit acquired data to a computer so as to carry out quantitative analysis on the growth condition of the hydrate. Through the acquired parameters and the variation trend thereof, the growth process of the hydrate can be deeply and quantitatively researched, so that reference is provided for the formulation of the working system of the deepwater gas well testing process.
The experimental procedure using the 30MPa pressure-resistant reaction column is basically the same as that using the 10MPa pressure-resistant reaction column, and the step (7) can be omitted because the 30MPa pressure-resistant reaction column is invisible.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a structure of a reaction column in a system diagram, and before an experiment, gas is introduced into the reaction column to check the sealing property between the reaction column and a flange plug, and the reaction column is connected with devices of other systems after the sealing property is confirmed to be good. The pressure-resistant 10MPa visual reaction kettle is consistent with the pressure-resistant 30MPa reaction kettle in structure, but the difference lies in that: the visual reaction kettle can directly record the growth process of the hydrate through naked eyes or a camera, and the non-visual reaction kettle only can monitor the growth condition of the hydrate through an ultrasonic sensor due to the fact that a material with high pressure-resistant degree is needed.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A natural gas hydrate growth simulation device for a ground shut-in stage of a deepwater gas well is characterized by comprising a reaction pipe column, a constant temperature control system, a natural gas supply system, a natural gas pressurization system, a liquid supply system, an excretion system, a parameter monitoring and data acquisition system and a computer terminal; wherein:
the reaction pipe column provides a place for the reaction of water and natural gas, and the lower end of the reaction pipe column is respectively connected with the liquid supply system and the natural gas pressurization system through pipelines;
the natural gas pressurization system is connected with the natural gas supply system through a pipeline;
the upper end of the reaction pipe column is connected with the drainage system pipeline;
the constant temperature control system comprises a local temperature control device arranged on the reaction column, a first temperature control tank internally provided with the reaction column and a second temperature control tank internally provided with the liquid supply system and the natural gas supply system;
the local temperature control device is used for adjusting the temperature of different positions in the reaction pipe column to enable the temperature to simulate the temperature field distribution in the test pipe column in the deep water test process, so that the growth speed of the hydrate and the evaporation speed of water are controlled; wherein the temperature field is divided into two sections: the temperature is decreased progressively from the sea level to the mud line, and the temperature is increased progressively from the mud line to the depth of the gas reservoir;
the local temperature control device realizes the simulation of a temperature distribution field through two-stage temperature regulation: firstly, the temperature of the whole tubular column of the reaction tubular column is reduced through a first temperature control groove, then the local position of the tubular column is heated, the distribution of the temperature field of the tubular column is changed, and the actual situation of the site is simulated;
the parameter monitoring and data acquisition system transmits data to a computer terminal through sensors arranged in each system to be tested;
the parameter monitoring and data acquisition system comprises a gas flowmeter, a liquid temperature sensor, four temperature sensors, two gas pressure sensors, a hydrate layer ultrasonic thickness sensor and a hygrometer; the device is used for monitoring the consumption condition of gas and liquid in the reaction column, the change condition of temperature, pressure and humidity, the thickness of a hydrate layer on the inner wall of the reaction column, the reaction time, and the acquisition and transmission to a computer terminal.
2. The deep water gas well ground shut-in stage natural gas hydrate growth simulation device of claim 1, wherein the reaction tube columns are divided into two types: one is a reaction column made of stainless steel material capable of bearing at least 30MPa pressure; the other is a visual reaction column made of sapphire or high-strength glass capable of bearing at least 10MPa of pressure.
3. The deep water gas well surface shut-in stage natural gas hydrate growth simulation device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the local temperature control device in the constant temperature control system regulates the temperature to be in a range of 0-90 ℃.
4. The deep water gas well ground shut-in stage natural gas hydrate growth simulation device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the natural gas supply system comprises a gas tank and an air inlet valve for injecting experimental natural gas into the reaction pipe column;
the natural gas pressurization system comprises a booster pump and a vacuum pump; the booster pump is used for boosting the natural gas output by the natural gas supply system and adjusting the reaction pressure in the reaction pipe column.
5. The deep water gas well ground shut-in stage natural gas hydrate growth simulation device of claim 3, wherein the natural gas supply system comprises a gas tank and an air inlet valve for injecting experimental natural gas into the reaction tube column;
the natural gas pressurization system comprises a booster pump and a vacuum pump; the booster pump is used for boosting the natural gas output by the natural gas supply system and adjusting the reaction pressure in the reaction pipe column.
6. The deep water gas well ground shut-in stage natural gas hydrate growth simulation device as claimed in any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the liquid supply system comprises a liquid inlet valve, an electric pump and a water supply tank; used for providing liquid for the reaction column and maintaining the liquid level in the reaction column.
7. The deep water gas well ground shut-in stage natural gas hydrate growth simulation device of claim 3, wherein the liquid supply system comprises a liquid inlet valve, an electric pump and a water supply tank; used for providing liquid for the reaction column and maintaining the liquid level in the reaction column.
8. The deep water gas well ground shut-in stage natural gas hydrate growth simulation device of claim 5, wherein the liquid supply system comprises a liquid inlet valve, an electric pump and a water supply tank; used for providing liquid for the reaction column and maintaining the liquid level in the reaction column.
9. A method for judging the risk degree of formation of natural gas hydrate, which is characterized in that the hydrate grows in an adherence manner in a reaction pipe column of the natural gas hydrate growth simulation device at the ground shut-in stage of the deep water gas well according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and gradually thickens in the form of a hydrate layer; if a hydrate layer grows and completely blocks a shaft in the closing time, the opening and closing times of the shaft are reduced under the temperature and pressure condition without using a ground closing mode, and hydrate inhibition measures are taken according to actual conditions;
if the hydrate layer forms a certain thickness but does not block the whole pipe column, judging whether the blocking risk is formed according to the condition after the well is opened again:
assuming that the wall hydrate thickness is d, the radius of the gas flow cross section is (L-2d)/2, and the gas flow velocity is:
wherein L is the diameter of the shaft, m; q is the gas flow, m3/d；
The resultant force on the wall hydrate particles is:
F＝Ff-Gcosθ-Fc
wherein G is gravity and FfAs drag force, FcIs the interparticle crystallization force of hydrates;
by substituting gravity and drag force
When the hydrate particles are in a stress equilibrium critical state, the resultant force F is 0, and then
The gas flow cross-sectional radius at this time is:
thickness of hydrate at this time
When R is larger than R, the flow velocity of gas in the shaft is increased along with the reduction of the flow state area of the gas and the condition of re-opening the well and determining the yield Q, the corresponding drag force is increased, and hydrate in the shaft cannot form agglomeration and blockage;
when R < R, it indicates that drag cannot carry hydrate to the wellhead at this open-hole production, a plug may form in the wellbore.
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| CN115629165B (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-07-28 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Method for calculating growth speed of natural gas hydrate in shaft under intervention operation |
| CN117010602B (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-12-19 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for processing data of drilling and production well bore of natural gas hydrate |
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| CN102865066A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-01-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Experiment device and method for deepwater shaft multiphase flow containing natural gas hydrate phase changes |
| CN103645285A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-03-19 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Visualized natural gas hydrate simulation test device and method |
| CN204556598U (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of hydrate slurry sedimentary simulating experiment device |
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| CN105201487B (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2019-03-19 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Pit shaft Hydrate Plugging monitoring method and device during a kind of production of deep water gas field |
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| CN101246117A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-08-20 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Gas-hydrate synthesizing and macro-microscopic mechanics nature synthetic experiment system |
| CN101451985A (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2009-06-10 | 大连理工大学 | Detection device for synthesizing and decomposing gas hydrate |
| CN101710088A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2010-05-19 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method and device for testing formation and decomposition of gas hydrate |
| CN102141560A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-08-03 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Visual gas hydrate experimental device |
| CN102865066A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-01-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Experiment device and method for deepwater shaft multiphase flow containing natural gas hydrate phase changes |
| CN103645285A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-03-19 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Visualized natural gas hydrate simulation test device and method |
| CN204556598U (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of hydrate slurry sedimentary simulating experiment device |
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