CN106869871A - Using the device and method of water outlet of being shaked out in bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well - Google Patents
Using the device and method of water outlet of being shaked out in bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 187
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/02—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in well heads
- E21B34/04—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in well heads in underwater well heads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
- E21B47/07—Temperature
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the device of water outlet of being shaked out in a kind of utilization bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well.Device using water outlet of being shaked out in bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well includes：Data monitoring Transmission system, Data Analysis Services system and regulating system is reacted automatically；Data monitoring Transmission system real-time monitoring transmits temperature, pressure and the data on flows of underground and well head；Data Analysis Services system-computed carries shaft bottom and shakes out and the gas flow needed for water outlet and suppresses the amount of inhibitor needed for hydrate generate in flow string, and sends corresponding gas flow regulating command and hydrate inhibitor injection is instructed；Automatic reaction regulating system automatically adjusts downhole flow control valve, and inject appropriate hydrate inhibitor to casing annulus according to the instruction of Data Analysis Services system.The present invention can remove hydrate well in the case where normal production is not influenceed in shaking out and water outlet, and can realize while the natural gas pool of exploitation of gas hydrate reservoir and bottom.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to natural gas hydrate exploration development field, in particular it relates to a kind of remove water using bottom aerogenesis
Shake out the device and method of water outlet in compound well.
Background technology
Gas hydrates are a kind of burning capacity clean energy resourcies high, and the replacement energy of petroleum gas is considered as by various countries
Source, is distributed mainly in halmeic deposit and land permafrost.The gas hydrates reserves very abundant of China, particularly
There are a large amount of gas hydrates in South China Sea.The gas hydrates exploitation of China is walked in world forward position, at present in south
Extra large northern Shenhu sea area and Qinghai Qilianshan Area achieve gas hydrates sample, and will carry out day in South China Sea
Right gas hydrate test mining project.
Existing gas hydrate mining methods mainly have heat shock method, voltage drop method, note chemical method and carbon dioxide
Displacement method etc..During exploitation of gas hydrate, can inevitably lead to shake out using this several recovery method
With go out water problems, thus greatly limit gas hydrates further business exploit.In gas hydrates
In recovery process, gas hydrates can be decomposed into natural gas and water, cause the bond between reservoir sand grains to reduce so that big
Measure tiny sand grains and depart from reset condition, and with the gas that produces is decomposed and water enters flow string, in thus resulting in flow string
Shake out and water outlet situation.Natural gas will be influenceed to produce when the sand grains and water that enter into flow string reach a certain amount of
Amount, possibly even blocks flow string when serious, cause to stop production.
Water outlet and the problem of shaking out are also the major issue that conventional gas and oil exploitation faces.Go out water problems, Yi Zhongying for shaft bottom
It is gaslift water pumping gas production method with extensive solution, gaslift water pumping gas production is exactly to inject proper amount of gas to pit shaft by ground
To reach the minimum flow of gas carrying of liquids, shaft bottom ponding is carried out production pipe by the then rolling action by gas to water
Post.Shaked out problem for shaft bottom, now with the anti-sand method of various comparative maturities, such as：Sand control pipe sand block, filling anti-sand, glue
Gu stratum, artificial borehole wall, arch sand control etc., but pass through these sand control measures, can not completely stop that tiny sand grains enters production
Tubing string, still can inevitably shake out phenomenon in flow string.For the sand grains entered into flow string, equally may be used
Flow string is carried out with the rolling action using gas, as long as gas flow has reached the minimum flow for carrying sand grains,
Sand grains will be carried out flow string with gas motion.
During exploitation of gas hydrates, taking of using in conventional gas and oil exploitation can be used for reference and water and take sand method,
Shaking out and water outlet in the rolling action removing flow string using gas to water and tiny sand grains, avoids natural gas from being hydrated with this
The situation that production development tubing string is blocked in thing development process.When there is natural gas pool in gas hydrates reservoir lower section, can be with
Using this natural gas pool as the gas source for taking water He take sand.Using in the natural gas removing flow string of natural gas pool output
Water outlet and shake out, it is possible to achieve while the natural gas pool of exploitation of gas hydrate reservoir and bottom, can improve natural gas product
Amount, it is ensured that the long-term safety of exploitation of gas hydrates is efficiently carried out.
The content of the invention
There is the situation of natural gas pool for gas hydrates reservoir lower section, produced using bottom the invention provides one kind
Gas is removed and shake out in hydrate well the device and method of water outlet；Shaking out during according to exploitation of gas hydrates and goes out speed
Water speed rate, with reference to the method for water outlet of being shaked out in utilization bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well proposed by the invention, can be right respectively
Carrying shaft bottom shakes out and is calculated with the minimum air flow amount needed for water outlet.By the natural gas velocity for adjusting bottom natural gas pool output
Rate, using the rolling action of gas, the sand grains and water that will can be entered into during exploitation of gas hydrates in flow string
Flow string is carried out, is reached with this and is removed the purpose shaked out with water outlet during exploitation of gas hydrates, it is ensured that natural gas
Hydrate reservoir is safely and efficiently developed.
In order to realize above-mentioned functions, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
Using the device of water outlet of being shaked out in bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well, including：Data monitoring Transmission system, data point
Analysis processing system and automatic reaction regulating system；The temperature of data monitoring Transmission system real-time monitoring underground and well head, pressure and
Data on flows, and the data transfer that will be monitored is to Data Analysis Services system；Data Analysis Services system passes through analyze data
The monitoring data that obtain of Transmission system, to carry shaft bottom shake out and water outlet needed for gas flow and suppress hydrate in production pipe
The amount of the hydrate inhibitor needed for being generated in post carries out calculating assessment, and sends corresponding downhole flow control valve regulation instruction
Injected with hydrate inhibitor and instructed；The instruction that automatic reaction regulating system sends according to Data Analysis Services system, on the one hand
Regulation downhole flow control valve, controls the flow of natural gas pool output natural gas, on the other hand starts hydrate inhibitor injection
Pump, appropriate hydrate inhibitor is injected to casing annulus.
Relative to prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：Can be while exploitation of gas hydrate reservoir and bottom
The natural gas pool in portion, and can utilize natural gas pool output natural gas remove exploitation of gas hydrates in time during enter into
Tiny sand grains and water in flow string, prevent from largely shaking out is gathered in flow string bottom and blocks with water outlet, both can be with
The safe and efficient exploitation of gas hydrates reservoir is realized, gas production can be improved again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic device using water outlet of being shaked out in bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well；
Fig. 2 is the method schematic diagram using water outlet of being shaked out in bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well；
Fig. 3 is flow string internal diameter preferred flow charts；
Fig. 4 is downhole flow control valve regulation flow chart；
Fig. 5 is hydrate inhibitor injection flow chart；
In figure：11st, sleeve pipe；12nd, flow string；13rd, downward ball-and-seat 14, packer；15th, upward ball-and-seat；16th, sand block
Net；17th, pipe with holes；18th, pneumatic control valve；19th, outflow tube line；21st, the first temperature/pressure sensor group；22nd, the second temperature/pressure sensor
Group；23rd, the first optical cable；24th, the first optical fiber interface；25th, the first photoelectricity demodulator；26th, wellhead temperature meter；27th, well head pressure meter；
28th, well head flowmeter；29th, computer；31st, the first signal executing agency；32nd, hydrate inhibitor storage tank；33rd, hydrate suppresses
Agent injection pump；34th, hydrate inhibitor injection pipeline；35th, fill nipple；41st, secondary signal executing agency；42nd, the second photoelectricity
Demodulator；43rd, the second optical fiber interface；44th, the second optical cable；45th, downhole flow control valve.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figure 1, during exploitation of gas hydrates, tubular column system is made up of sleeve pipe 11 and flow string 12, set
Pipe ring sky (cavity between sleeve pipe 11 and flow string 12) and flow string are fluid and provide flow channel；In gas water
Downward ball-and-seat 13 is installed in the casing annulus on compound exploitation position top, packer is installed in the casing annulus of bottom
14, upward ball-and-seat 15 is installed in the flow string of bottom；Sand grid 16 and band are installed in the upper end of upward ball-and-seat 15
Hole pipe 17, the effect of sand grid 16 is to prevent the sand grains entered into flow string during exploitation of gas hydrates from sinking to life
Is produced from tubing string bottom, pipe with holes 17 provides the passage for entering flow string from annular space for fluid；Well head injection fluid passes through sleeve ring
Empty, downward ball-and-seat 13 mixes with gas hydrates reservoir produced fluid, pipe with holes 17 is flowed through together and enters flow string 12；
Downhole flow control valve 45 is installed in flow string bottom, the natural gas of bottom natural gas pool output is by downhole flow control
Valve 45 and upward ball-and-seat 15 mix with gas hydrates reservoir produced fluid and well head injection fluid, together by production pipe
Post 12 reaches well head；Well head is provided with pneumatic control valve 18, plays a part of to control well head yield；Well head connects outflow tube line
19, well head produced fluid reaches separation equipment via outflow tube line 19.
As shown in figure 1, using the device of water outlet of being shaked out in bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well, including：Data monitoring is transmitted
System, Data Analysis Services system and regulating system is reacted automatically；Data monitoring Transmission system real-time monitoring underground and well head
Temperature, pressure and data on flows, and the data transfer that will be monitored is to Data Analysis Services system；Data Analysis Services system is led to
Cross the analysis data that obtain of data monitoring Transmission system, to carry shaft bottom shake out and water outlet needed for gas flow and suppress hydration
The amount that thing generates required hydrate inhibitor in flow string carries out calculating assessment, and sends corresponding downhole flow control
Valve regulation instruction and hydrate inhibitor injection instruction；The finger that automatic reaction regulating system sends according to Data Analysis Services system
Order, on the one hand regulation downhole flow control valve, controls the flow of natural gas pool output natural gas, on the other hand starts hydrate suppression
Preparation injection pump, appropriate hydrate inhibitor is injected to casing annulus.
Data monitoring Transmission system, including：Underground monitoring transmitting device and well head monitoring transmitting device；Underground monitoring is transmitted
Device, including：First temperature/pressure sensor group 21, the second temperature/pressure sensor group 22, the first optical cable 23, the first optical fiber interface 24 and
One photoelectricity demodulator 25；First temperature/pressure sensor group 21 is installed on flow string bottom, be mainly used in monitoring well bottom temperature and
Pressure, the second temperature/pressure sensor group 22 is installed on flow string middle part, is mainly used in monitoring in gas hydrates Reservoir Section
Flow string in temperature and pressure, the data that the first temperature/pressure sensor group 21 and the second temperature/pressure sensor group 22 are monitored are equal
Photoelectricity demodulator 25 is transferred to by the first optical cable 23 and the first optical fiber interface 24, photoelectricity demodulator 25 converts optical signals to electricity
Signal transmission gives Data Analysis Services system；Well head monitors transmitting device, including：Wellhead temperature meter 26, well head pressure meter 27 and
Well head flowmeter 28, monitors temperature, pressure and the flow (including gas flow and fluid flow) of well head produced fluid, well respectively
The data that mouth thermometer 26, well head pressure meter 27 and well head flowmeter 28 are monitored are transferred directly to Data Analysis Services system.
Data Analysis Services system, including：Computer 29；Computer 29 receives the number that data monitoring Transmission system is obtained
According to suppressing hydrate required hydrate inhibitor injection rate generated in flow string by being calculated, and calculate analysis
Carry shaft bottom shake out and water outlet needed for minimum air flow amount, it is determined whether need open downhole choke valve and opening degree, accordingly
Corresponding hydrate inhibitor injection instruction is sent to automatic reaction regulating system and downhole flow control valve regulation is instructed.
Automatic reaction regulating system, including：Hydrate inhibitor is automatically injected device and downhole flow control valve is adjusted automatically
Regulating device；Hydrate inhibitor is automatically injected device, including：First signal executing agency 31, hydrate inhibitor storage tank 32, water
Compound inhibitors injection pump 33, hydrate inhibitor injects pipeline 34 and fill nipple 35；First signal executing agency 31 and meter
Calculation machine 29 is connected, and receives the instruction that computer 29 sends, and hydrate inhibitor injection pump 33 is operated, including open pump and stop
Pump；Hydrate inhibitor storage tank 32 is connected with hydrate inhibitor injection pump 33, for storing hydrate inhibitor (such as：Methyl alcohol,
Ethylene glycol)；Hydrate inhibitor injection pump 33 is connected with hydrate inhibitor injection pipeline 34, is connect by the injection positioned at well head
First 35 enter hydrate inhibitor sprue bushing annular space, the hydrate inhibitor of injection by downward ball-and-seat 13, pipe with holes 17
Enter flow string, mainly play a part of to prevent hydrate from being generated again in flow string；Downhole flow control valve is automatic
Adjusting means, including：Secondary signal executing agency 41, the second photoelectricity demodulator 42, the second optical fiber interface 43, the and of the second optical cable 44
Downhole flow controls valve 45；Secondary signal executing agency 41 is connected with computer 29, receives the downhole flow that computer 29 sends
Control valve regulation instruction；Second photoelectricity demodulator 42 is connected with secondary signal executing agency 41, and downhole flow is controlled into valve regulation
Instruction is converted to optical signal by electric signal, and is transferred to the well for being installed on shaft bottom by the second optical fiber interface 43 and the second optical cable 44
Flow down control valve 45, and regulation downhole flow controls the closure degree of valve, controls the flow of natural gas pool output natural gas；When taking
Sand and the influnced on critical rate of gas flow needed for taking water more than the exploitation of gas hydrates reservoir gas production when, downhole flow control valve 45
Open, natural gas and the natural gas of gas hydrates reservoir output of natural gas pool output are mixed, carried by gas and made
Carry out flow string 12 with water outlet with shaking out during by exploitation of gas hydrates.
Using the method for water outlet of being shaked out in bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well, removed using above-mentioned utilization bottom aerogenesis and be hydrated
Shake out the device of water outlet in thing well, and step (as shown in Figure 2) is as follows：
(1) flow string internal diameter is preferred
The design phase is developed in gas hydrates, according in the gas hydrates well capacity and flow string of prediction
Footpath setting value, carries that shaft bottom shakes out and critical needed for water outlet takes sand flow amount and critical liquid carrying flow rate by calculating, and preferably produces
Tubing string internal diameter.The specific steps to preferred flow string internal diameter are described in detail (as shown in Figure 3) below：
1. calculate and critical take sand flow amount
Critical sand flow amount of taking is the minimum gas flow needed for shaft bottom sand grains is carried out into flow string, uses for reference underbalance and bores
Minimum speed method in well takes rock mechanism, can obtain the critical meter for taking sand flow amount in gas hydrates reservoir recovery process
Calculating formula is：
In formula, Qsc1Sand flow amount, m are taken for critical3/s；DtIt is flow string internal diameter, m；vsc1Sand flow speed, m/s are taken for critical.
Critical sand flow speed of taking is equal to sand grains end of a period sinking speed and sand grains transporting velocity sum；The end of a period sinking speed of sand grains
Influenceed by its shape, size, density and gas density, viscosity and nowed forming, the end of a period sinking speed of spherical sand grains can be with
Tried to achieve by following formula：
In formula, vcIt is the end of a period sinking speed of sand grains, m/s；G is acceleration of gravity, m/s2；DsIt is sand grains equivalent diameter, m；
ρsIt is sand grains density, kg/m3；ρgIt is gas density in flow string, kg/m3；CtFor sand grains slips coefficient (0.85), zero dimension；ψ
It is sand grains sphericity, zero dimension.
The relation that sand grains transporting velocity can be shaked out between flow by sand grains feed flow and shaft bottom is determined, is as follows shown：
In formula, vsIt is the transporting velocity of sand grains, m/s；QcsFor the shaft bottom during exploitation of gas hydrates shakes out flow,
m3/s；CsIt is the volumetric concentration of flow string sand grains, m3/m3；A is flow string cross-sectional area, m2。
Composite type (2) and (3) can obtain, and the critical sand flow speed of taking during exploitation of gas hydrates is：
2. critical liquid carrying flow rate is calculated
Critical liquid carrying flow rate refers to the minimum gas flow for reaching needed for gas carrying of liquids in the wellbore, natural gas hydration
Critical liquid carrying flow rate in thing recovery process calculates the critical of water pumping gas production theory in can using for reference conventional gas well exploitation and takes liquid stream
Amount computational methods, can be calculated by following formula：
Wherein
In formula, Qsc2It is critical liquid carrying flow rate, m3/s；P is pressure, Pa；vsc2Flow velocity, m/s are taken for critical；Z is gas
Deviation factors, zero dimension；T is temperature, K；σ is gas-liquid surface tension force, N/m；ρlIt is fluid density, kg/m3；CDIt is drag system
Number, zero dimension.
3. influnced on critical rate of gas flow is determined
Be calculated critical liquid carrying flow rate and it is critical take sand flow amount on the basis of, can obtain shaft bottom shaking out and water outlet
Influnced on critical rate of gas flow needed for carrying out flow string is：
Qsc=amax { Qsc1,Qsc2} (7)
In formula, QscIt is the influnced on critical rate of gas flow needed for carrying out flow string with water outlet that shaft bottom shakes out, m3/s；A is
Dimensionless coefficient.
4. down-hole pressure is calculated
It is determined that on the basis of influnced on critical rate of gas flow, calculating the pressure at exploitation of gas hydrates position；Calculating day
When right gas hydrate exploits the pressure at position, take an examination and consider well head pressure, gas deadweight, the shadow of gas friction resistance
Ring, can be calculated by following formula：
In formula, PkcIt is the pressure at exploitation of gas hydrates position, Pa；PjkIt is well head pressure, Pa；ρgavIt is production pipe
The averag density of gas, kg/m in post3；H is well depth, m at exploitation of gas hydrates position；fgavIt is gas in flow string
The average coefficient of friction resistance, zero dimension；vgIt is the mean flow rate of gas in flow string, m/s；diIt is flow string internal diameter, m.
5. flow string internal diameter is determined
In process of production, it is necessary to meet the pressure at exploitation of gas hydrates position and balanced less than gas hydrates
Pressure, just can guarantee that the normal exploitation of gas hydrates；When the gas hydrates being calculated by influnced on critical rate of gas flow are opened
When adopting the pressure at position more than gas hydrates balance pressure, illustrate that natural gas cannot be met under the conditions of this flow string
The normal exploitation of hydrate, it is necessary to change flow string internal diameter setting value, and repeat step 1. -4., until meeting gas water
The condition that compound is normally exploited, with this determination flow string internal diameter.
(2) basic data acquisition
During exploitation of gas hydrates, data monitoring Transmission system real-time monitoring items data variation：
1. on the premise of downhole flow control valve 45 is closed, sensed by the first temperature and pressure for being installed on flow string bottom
The temperature and pressure at the monitoring well bottom of device group 21, is monitored naturally by being installed on the second temperature/pressure sensor group 22 in the middle part of flow string
Temperature and pressure at gas hydrate exploitation position in flow string, and the first temperature/pressure sensor group 21 and the second temperature and pressure are sensed
The data that device group 22 is monitored are transferred at analysis by the first optical cable 23, the first optical fiber interface 24 and the first photoelectricity demodulator 25
Reason system；
2. on the premise of downhole flow control valve 45 is closed, wellhead temperature is measured by wellhead temperature meter 26, by well
The mouth measurement well head pressure of pressure gauge 27, well head gas flow Q is measured by well head flowmeter 28g1And fluid flow, wellhead temperature
The data that meter 26, well head pressure meter 27 and well head flowmeter 28 is monitored are transferred directly to Data Analysis Services system；
3. according to the well head and downhole temperature, pressure data and known well depth, geothermal gradient, flow string ginseng for measuring
Number, by the gas flow Q of well headg1Be converted to the gas flow Q in flow string at exploitation of gas hydrates positiong2。
(3) determine that downhole flow controls valve regulation scope
The purpose of regulation downhole flow control valve is the yield for controlling natural gas pool, it is ensured that exploitation of gas hydrates process
In to shake out and carried out flow string completely with water outlet；Pair determination downhole flow controls the specific steps of valve regulation scope below
It is described in detail (as shown in Figure 4)：
1. influnced on critical rate of gas flow is calculated
On the basis of the data that data monitoring Transmission system is monitored, Data Analysis Services system calculates carrying well respectively
Bottom shakes out and critical needed for water outlet takes sand flow amount and critical liquid carrying flow rate, it is determined that the critical gas stream needed for taking sand and taking water
Amount, specific calculation procedure is identical with (1)；
2. natural gas pool minimum output is determined
Determine influnced on critical rate of gas flow QscAfterwards, by the gas production Q with exploitation of gas hydratesg2Being compared can
To determine natural gas pool minimum output；As influnced on critical rate of gas flow QscLess than the gas production Q of exploitation of gas hydratesg2When, explanation
The gas production Q of exploitation of gas hydratesg2It is enough to carry out flow string, downhole flow with water outlet by shaking out in flow string
Control valve 45 can be without opening；As influnced on critical rate of gas flow QscMore than the gas production Q of exploitation of gas hydratesg2When, illustrate day
The gas production Q of right gas hydrate exploitationg2It is not enough to carry out flow string with water outlet, it is necessary to open by shaking out in flow string
Downhole flow controls valve 45, and natural gas pool minimum output can be by QscWith Qg2Difference obtain；
3. downhole flow control valve regulation scope is determined
It is determined that on the basis of natural gas pool minimum output, the minimum permission of the downhole flow control regulation of valve 45 can be obtained
Value；By the calculating of formula (8), the pressure at exploitation of gas hydrates position is equal to gas hydrates balance pressure Peq
When, the gas flow being calculated is the maximum gas flow for meeting exploitation of gas hydrates, downhole flow control now
Valve 45 reaches the maximum for allowing regulation；
4. regulation downhole flow controls valve
Can to sum up obtain, when downhole flow control valve 45 is adjusted, its adjustable range should be maintained at minimum permissible value and maximum
Between permissible value scope, developed with the highly effective and safe that this ensures gas hydrates；Meanwhile, by the second temperature/pressure sensor group 22
The pressure at exploitation of gas hydrates position for monitoring can be as the reference mark of the control downhole flow control regulation of valve 45
It is accurate.
(4) calculated hydration thing inhibitor injection rate
According to the well head fluid flow that well head flowmeter 28 is monitored, Data Analysis Services system-computed prevents hydrate from existing
Required hydrate inhibitor injection rate is generated in flow string again, least concentration of the hydrate inhibitor in free water can
Determine with by Hammerschmidt formula：
In formula, X is hydrate inhibitor percetage by weight in aqueous water phase；Δ T is the temperature drop of gas hydrate synthesis, K；M is
Molecular quality (methyl alcohol=32, ethylene glycol=62), the g/mol of hydrate inhibitor；KiIt is constant (methyl alcohol=1297, second
Glycol=2220).
It is multiplied with free water amount by hydrate inhibitor concentration and can be obtained by hydrate inhibitor injection rate.
(5) hydrate inhibitor and regulation downhole flow control valve are automatically injected
The data obtained according to data monitoring Transmission system are calculated regulated value and the hydration of downhole flow control valve 45
After thing inhibitor injection rate, Data Analysis Services system sends command signal to automatic reaction regulating system, and the first signal is performed
Mechanism 31 and secondary signal executing agency 41 control the injection of hydrate inhibitor and downhole flow to control the regulation of valve 45 respectively,
Respectively as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
1. it is automatically injected hydrate inhibitor
First signal executing agency 31 control hydrate inhibitor injection pump 33 opens pump and termination of pumping, works as hydrate inhibitor
After 33 pumps of injection pump, the hydrate inhibitor stored in hydrate inhibitor storage tank 32 passes through hydrate inhibitor injection pump
33rd, hydrate inhibitor injection pipeline 34 and fill nipple 35 are injected into casing annulus, by casing annulus, downward ball-and-seat 13
Enter flow string 12 with pipe with holes 17, prevent hydrate from being generated again in flow string 12；
2. downhole flow control valve is automatically adjusted
The regulating command of downhole flow control valve 45 is transferred to secondary signal executing agency 41, the second photoelectricity by computer 29
Demodulator 42 is connected with secondary signal executing agency 41, and downhole flow control valve regulation instruction is converted into light by electric signal believes
Number, and the downhole flow control valve 45 for being installed on shaft bottom is transferred to by the second optical fiber interface 43 and the second optical cable 44, by adjusting
Section downhole flow controls the closure degree of valve 45, controls the flow of natural gas pool output natural gas；Natural gas pool output it is natural
Gas mixes with the natural gas of exploitation of gas hydrates output, by gas to the rolling action of sand grains and water by flow string
To shake out and carry out flow string with water outlet.
(6) it is automatic to change hydrate inhibitor injection rate and downhole flow control valve regulation degree
During exploitation of gas hydrates, gas production can be varied over, and in flow string
Shaking out can also vary over the rate of output water.When the time comes, transmitting device and underground monitoring transmission dress are monitored according to well head
The data variation of acquisition is put, Data Analysis Services system can automatic calculated hydration thing inhibitor injection rate and downhole flow control valve
Regulating degree, and hydrate inhibitor injection instruction and downhole flow control valve regulation are sent in real time to reaction regulating system automatically
Instruction, realizes changing hydrate inhibitor injection rate and well in real time according to different gas production, speed of shaking out and the rate of output water with this
Down-off controls valve regulation degree.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of utilization bottom aerogenesis removes the device of water outlet of shaking out in hydrate well, including：Data monitoring Transmission system, data
Analysis process system and automatic reaction regulating system；Data monitoring Transmission system real-time monitoring underground and temperature, the pressure of well head
And data on flows, and the data transfer that will be monitored is to Data Analysis Services system；Data Analysis Services system is by analyzing number
According to the monitoring data that obtain of Transmission system, to carry shaft bottom shake out and water outlet needed for gas flow and suppress hydrate in production
The amount of the hydrate inhibitor needed for being generated in tubing string carries out calculating assessment, and sends corresponding downhole flow control valve regulation and refer to
Order and hydrate inhibitor inject instruction；The instruction that automatic reaction regulating system sends according to Data Analysis Services system, a side
Face regulation downhole flow control valve, controls the flow of natural gas pool output natural gas, on the other hand starts hydrate inhibitor note
Enter pump, appropriate hydrate inhibitor is injected to casing annulus.
2. utilization bottom aerogenesis according to claim 1 removes the device of water outlet of shaking out in hydrate well, it is characterised in that：
Data monitoring Transmission system, including：Underground monitoring transmitting device and well head monitoring transmitting device；Underground monitoring transmitting device, bag
Include：First temperature/pressure sensor group, the second temperature/pressure sensor group, the first optical cable, the first optical fiber interface and the first photoelectricity demodulator；The
One temperature/pressure sensor group is installed on flow string bottom, is mainly used in the temperature and pressure at monitoring well bottom, the second temperature/pressure sensor
Group is installed on flow string middle part, is mainly used in temperature and pressure in flow string of the monitoring in gas hydrates Reservoir Section
The data that power, the first temperature/pressure sensor group and the second temperature/pressure sensor group are monitored pass through the first optical cable and the first optical fiber interface
Photoelectricity demodulator is transferred to, photoelectricity demodulator converts optical signals to electric signal transmission and gives Data Analysis Services system；Well head is supervised
Transmitting device is surveyed, including：Wellhead temperature meter, well head pressure meter and well head flowmeter, respectively monitor well head produced fluid temperature,
Pressure and flow (including gas flow and fluid flow), what wellhead temperature meter, well head pressure meter and well head flowmeter were monitored
Data are transferred directly to Data Analysis Services system.
3. utilization bottom aerogenesis according to claim 1-2 removes the device of water outlet of shaking out in hydrate well, and its feature exists
In：Data Analysis Services system, including：Computer；The data that computer receiving data monitoring Transmission system is obtained, by calculating
The hydrate that is inhibited generates required hydrate inhibitor injection rate in flow string, and calculates analysis and carry shaft bottom and shake out
And the minimum air flow amount needed for water outlet, it is determined whether need to open downhole choke valve and opening degree, adjusted to automatic reaction accordingly
Section system sends corresponding hydrate inhibitor injection instruction and downhole flow control valve regulation instruction.
4. utilization bottom aerogenesis according to claim 1-3 removes the device of water outlet of shaking out in hydrate well, and its feature exists
In：Automatic reaction regulating system, including：Hydrate inhibitor is automatically injected device and downhole flow control valve automatically adjusts dress
Put；
Hydrate inhibitor is automatically injected device, including：First signal executing agency, hydrate inhibitor storage tank, hydrate suppression
Preparation injection pump, hydrate inhibitor injection pipeline and fill nipple；First signal executing agency is connected with computer, receives meter
The instruction that calculation machine sends, operates to hydrate inhibitor injection pump, including opens pump and termination of pumping；Hydrate inhibitor storage tank with
Hydrate inhibitor injection pump is connected, for storing hydrate inhibitor (such as：Methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol)；Hydrate inhibitor injects
Pump and hydrate inhibitor injection pipeline are connected, by the fill nipple positioned at well head by hydrate inhibitor sprue bushing ring
Sky, the hydrate inhibitor of injection enters flow string by ball-and-seat, pipe with holes；
Downhole flow controls valve self-checking device, including：Secondary signal executing agency, the second photoelectricity demodulator, the second optical fiber
Interface, the second optical cable and downhole flow control valve；Secondary signal executing agency is connected with computer, receives the well that computer sends
Down-off control valve regulation instruction；Second photoelectricity demodulator is connected with secondary signal executing agency, and downhole flow control valve is adjusted
Section instruction is converted to optical signal by electric signal, and gives the underground for being installed on shaft bottom by the second optical fiber interface and the second optical cable transmission
Flow control valve, regulation downhole flow controls the closure degree of valve, controls the flow of natural gas pool output natural gas；When take sand and
When critical shaft bottom throughput needed for taking water is more than the gas production of gas hydrates reservoir exploitation, downhole flow control valve is beaten
Open, natural gas and the natural gas of gas hydrates reservoir output of natural gas pool output are mixed, by gas rolling action
Shaking out during by exploitation of gas hydrates carry out flow string with water outlet.
5. using the method for water outlet of being shaked out in bottom aerogenesis removing hydrate well, using the described utilizations of one of claim 1-4
Bottom aerogenesis is removed and shake out in hydrate well the device of water outlet, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
(1) flow string internal diameter is preferred
The design phase is developed in gas hydrates, the gas hydrates well capacity and flow string internal diameter according to prediction set
Definite value, carries that shaft bottom shakes out and critical needed for water outlet takes sand flow amount and critical liquid carrying flow rate, preferably flow string by calculating
Internal diameter；It is preferred that flow string internal diameter is comprised the following steps that：
1. calculate and critical take sand flow amount
Critical sand flow amount of taking is the minimum gas flow needed for shaft bottom sand grains is carried out into flow string, in reference under balance pressure drilling
Minimum speed method take rock mechanism, obtain the critical computing formula for taking sand flow amount in gas hydrates reservoir recovery process
For：
In formula, Qsc1Sand flow amount, m are taken for critical3/s；DtIt is flow string internal diameter, m；vsc1Sand flow speed, m/s are taken for critical；
Critical sand flow speed of taking is equal to sand grains end of a period sinking speed and sand grains transporting velocity sum；The end of a period sinking speed of sand grains receives it
The influence of shape, size, density and gas density, viscosity and nowed forming, the end of a period sinking speed of spherical sand grains can be under
Formula is tried to achieve：
In formula, vcIt is the end of a period sinking speed of sand grains, m/s；G is acceleration of gravity, m/s2；DsIt is sand grains equivalent diameter, m；ρsFor
Sand grains density, kg/m3；ρgIt is gas density in flow string, kg/m3；CtFor sand grains slips coefficient (0.85), zero dimension；ψ is
Sand grains sphericity, zero dimension；
The relation that sand grains transporting velocity can be shaked out between flow by sand grains feed flow and shaft bottom is determined, is shown below：
In formula, vsIt is the transporting velocity of sand grains, m/s；QcsFor the shaft bottom during exploitation of gas hydrates shakes out flow, m3/s；
CsIt is the volumetric concentration of flow string sand grains, m3/m3；A is flow string cross-sectional area, m2；
Composite type (2) and (3) can obtain, and the critical sand flow speed of taking during exploitation of gas hydrates is：
2. critical liquid carrying flow rate is calculated
Critical liquid carrying flow rate refers to the minimum gas flow for reaching needed for gas carrying of liquids in the wellbore, and gas hydrates are opened
Critical liquid carrying flow rate during adopting calculates the critical liquid carrying flow rate meter that can use for reference water pumping gas production theory in conventional gas well exploitation
Calculation method, is calculated by following formula：
Wherein
In formula, Qsc2It is critical liquid carrying flow rate, m3/s；P is pressure, Pa；vsc2Flow velocity, m/s are taken for critical；Z be gas deviation because
Son, zero dimension；T is temperature, K；σ is gas-liquid surface tension force, N/m；ρlIt is fluid density, kg/m3；CDBe towing force coefficient, without because
It is secondary；
3. influnced on critical rate of gas flow is determined
Be calculated critical liquid carrying flow rate and it is critical take sand flow amount on the basis of, can obtain shaking out in shaft bottom being taken with water outlet
Influnced on critical rate of gas flow needed for taking flow string out of is：
Qsc=amax { Qsc1,Qsc2} (7)
In formula, QscIt is the influnced on critical rate of gas flow needed for carrying out flow string with water outlet that shaft bottom shakes out, m3/s；A be without because
Ordered coefficients；
4. down-hole pressure is calculated
It is determined that on the basis of influnced on critical rate of gas flow, calculating the pressure at exploitation of gas hydrates position；Calculating natural gas
When hydrate exploits the pressure at position, take an examination and consider well head pressure, gas deadweight, the influence of gas friction resistance, can
Calculated with by following formula：
In formula, PkcIt is the pressure at exploitation of gas hydrates position, Pa；PjkIt is well head pressure, Pa；ρgavFor in flow string
The averag density of gas, kg/m3；H is well depth, m at exploitation of gas hydrates position；fgavFor in flow string gas it is flat
The equal coefficient of friction resistance, zero dimension；vgIt is the mean flow rate of gas in flow string, m/s；diIt is flow string internal diameter, m；
5. flow string internal diameter is determined
In process of production, it is necessary to meet the pressure at exploitation of gas hydrates position and balance pressure less than gas hydrates
Power, just can guarantee that the normal exploitation of gas hydrates；When the exploitation of gas hydrates being calculated by influnced on critical rate of gas flow
When pressure at position balances pressure more than gas hydrates, illustrate that gas water cannot be met under the conditions of this flow string
The normal exploitation of compound, it is necessary to change flow string internal diameter setting value, and re-start step 1. -4., until meeting natural gas
The condition that hydrate is normally exploited, with this determination flow string internal diameter；
(2) basic data acquisition
During exploitation of gas hydrates, data monitoring Transmission system real-time monitoring items data variation：
1. on the premise of downhole flow control valve is closed, supervised by the first temperature/pressure sensor group for being installed on flow string bottom
The temperature and pressure at well logging bottom, is opened by being installed on the second temperature/pressure sensor group monitoring gas hydrates in the middle part of flow string
The temperature and pressure in flow string at position is adopted, and the first temperature/pressure sensor group and the second temperature/pressure sensor group are monitored
Data are transferred to analysis process system by the first optical cable, the first optical fiber interface and the first photoelectricity demodulator；
2. on the premise of downhole flow control valve is closed, wellhead temperature is measured by wellhead temperature meter, by well head pressure meter
Measurement well head pressure, well head gas body flow Q is measured by well head flowmeterg1And fluid flow, wellhead temperature meter, well head pressure meter
The data monitored with well head flowmeter are transferred directly to Data Analysis Services system；
3. according to the well head and downhole temperature, pressure data and known well depth, geothermal gradient, flow string parameter for measuring,
By the gas flow Q of well headg1Be converted to the gas flow Q in flow string at exploitation of gas hydrates positiong2；
(3) determine that downhole flow controls valve regulation scope
The purpose of regulation downhole flow control valve is the yield for controlling natural gas pool, it is ensured that during exploitation of gas hydrates
Shake out and carried out flow string completely with water outlet；Determine comprising the following steps that for downhole flow control valve regulation scope：
1. influnced on critical rate of gas flow is calculated
On the basis of the data that data monitoring Transmission system is monitored, Data Analysis Services system calculates carrying shaft bottom and goes out respectively
Critical needed for sand and water outlet takes sand flow amount and critical liquid carrying flow rate, it is determined that the influnced on critical rate of gas flow needed for taking sand and taking water, tool
Body calculation procedure is identical with step (1)；
2. natural gas pool minimum output is determined
Determine influnced on critical rate of gas flow QscAfterwards, by the gas production Q with exploitation of gas hydratesg2Being compared to determine
Natural gas pool minimum output；As influnced on critical rate of gas flow QscLess than the gas production Q of exploitation of gas hydratesg2When, illustrate natural gas
The gas production Q of hydrate exploitationg2It is enough to carry out flow string, downhole flow control valve with water outlet by shaking out in flow string
Can be without opening；As influnced on critical rate of gas flow QscMore than the gas production Q of exploitation of gas hydratesg2When, illustrate that natural gas is hydrated
The gas production Q of thing exploitationg2It is not enough to carry out flow string with water outlet, it is necessary to open downhole flow by shaking out in flow string
Control valve, and natural gas pool minimum output can be by QscWith Qg2Difference obtain；
3. downhole flow control valve regulation scope is determined
It is determined that on the basis of natural gas pool minimum output, the minimum permissible value that downhole flow controls valve regulation can be obtained；It is logical
The calculating of formula (8) is crossed, the pressure at exploitation of gas hydrates position is equal to gas hydrates balance pressure PeqWhen, calculate
The gas flow for obtaining is the maximum gas flow for meeting exploitation of gas hydrates, and downhole flow now control valve reaches fair
Perhaps the maximum for adjusting；
4. regulation downhole flow controls valve
Can to sum up obtain, when downhole flow control valve is adjusted, its adjustable range should be maintained at minimum permissible value and maximum permissible value
Between scope, developed with the highly effective and safe that this ensures gas hydrates；Meanwhile, monitored by the second temperature/pressure sensor group
Pressure at exploitation of gas hydrates position can control the normative reference of valve regulation as control downhole flow；
(4) calculated hydration thing inhibitor injection rate
According to the well head fluid flow that well head flowmeter is monitored, Data Analysis Services system-computed prevents hydrate in production pipe
Generate required hydrate inhibitor injection rate in post again, least concentration of the hydrate inhibitor in free water can be by
Hammerschmidt formula determine：
In formula, X is hydrate inhibitor percetage by weight in aqueous water phase；Δ T is the temperature drop of gas hydrate synthesis, K；M is hydration
Molecular quality (methyl alcohol=32, ethylene glycol=62), the g/mol of thing inhibitor；KiIt is constant (methyl alcohol=1297, ethylene glycol
=2220)；
It is multiplied with free water amount by hydrate inhibitor concentration and can be obtained by hydrate inhibitor injection rate；
(5) hydrate inhibitor and regulation downhole flow control valve are automatically injected
The regulated value and hydrate that the data obtained according to data monitoring Transmission system are calculated downhole flow control valve suppress
After agent injection rate, Data Analysis Services system sends command signal to automatic reaction regulating system, the first signal executing agency and
Secondary signal executing agency controls the injection of hydrate inhibitor and downhole flow to control the regulation of valve respectively；
1. it is automatically injected hydrate inhibitor
The first signal actuating mechanism controls hydrate inhibitor injection pump opens pump and termination of pumping, when hydrate inhibitor injection is pumped up
After pump, the hydrate inhibitor stored in hydrate inhibitor storage tank passes through hydrate inhibitor injection pump, hydrate inhibitor
Injection pipeline and fill nipple are injected into casing annulus, and flow string is entered by casing annulus, downward ball-and-seat and pipe with holes,
Prevent hydrate from being generated again in flow string；
2. downhole flow control valve is automatically adjusted
The regulating command of downhole flow control valve is transferred to secondary signal executing agency by computer, the second photoelectricity demodulator and the
Binary signal executing agency is connected, and downhole flow control valve regulation instruction is converted into optical signal by electric signal, and by the second light
Fine interface and the second optical cable transmission give the downhole flow control valve for being installed on shaft bottom, and the closure of valve is controlled by adjusting downhole flow
Degree, controls the flow of natural gas pool output natural gas；The natural gas of natural gas pool output and exploitation of gas hydrates output
Natural gas mixing, shaking out in flow string and water outlet carry out production pipe by the rolling action by gas to sand grains and water
Post；
(6) it is automatic to change hydrate inhibitor injection rate and downhole flow control valve regulation degree
During exploitation of gas hydrates, gas production can be varied over, and shaking out in flow string
Can also be varied over the rate of output water；When the time comes, transmitting device is monitored according to well head and underground monitoring transmitting device is obtained
The data variation for obtaining, Data Analysis Services system can automatic calculated hydration thing inhibitor injection rate and downhole flow control valve regulation
Degree, and regulating system sends hydrate inhibitor injection instruction in real time and downhole flow controls valve regulation to refer to reacting automatically
Order, realizes changing hydrate inhibitor injection rate and underground in real time according to different gas production, speed of shaking out and the rate of output water with this
Flow control valve regulating degree.
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