CN116220622B - Exploitation system and method for developing hydrate by using artificial reservoir - Google Patents
Exploitation system and method for developing hydrate by using artificial reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/56—Compositions for consolidating loose sand or the like around wells without excessively decreasing the permeability thereof
- C09K8/57—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/575—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/56—Compositions for consolidating loose sand or the like around wells without excessively decreasing the permeability thereof
- C09K8/57—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/575—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/5751—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K8/5755—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
- E21B37/06—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells using chemical means for preventing or limiting, e.g. eliminating, the deposition of paraffins or like substances
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a mining system and a mining method for developing hydrate by utilizing an artificial reservoir. The system comprises a exploitation well, an artificial reservoir system and a sand prevention and blockage removal system. The method comprises the following steps: drilling and completing a exploitation well, wherein the recommended well type is a horizontal well; carrying out multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and phase change fracturing on a horizontal well section of a production well, and establishing an artificial reservoir around a shaft; in the composite hydrate exploitation process, a barrier is arranged for an artificial reservoir by injecting a self-polymerization sand control system to prevent sand from being discharged, and ice blockage possibly occurring in the exploitation process is effectively prevented and eliminated by injecting an inhibitor or a self-heating agent into the stratum. The method has the advantages that a huge artificial reservoir is built around the exploitation well, the external contact area of the well shaft is enlarged, meanwhile, sand, ice blockage and other phenomena possibly occurring in the exploitation process are prevented and treated, the safety and stability of the well shaft and the reservoir and the development continuity of the hydrate are ensured, and the method is beneficial to the safe, efficient and deep development of the hydrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oilfield chemistry and natural gas hydrate exploitation, in particular to a exploitation system and a exploitation method for developing hydrate by utilizing an artificial reservoir.
Background
The natural gas hydrate (called hydrate for short) has the advantages of wide distribution range, abundant resource quantity, small environmental pollution and the like, and is considered as a potential substitute for novel clean energy in the future. The hydrate is mainly buried in the land frozen soil and deep sea sediments, wherein the sea area hydrate reservoir is shallow, and the reservoir is mainly weak consolidated or unconsolidated sandy and muddy silt sediment, so that the mechanical property of the reservoir can be changed in the process of exploiting the hydrate, a series of risk problems such as reservoir sedimentation, wellbore sand production and the like are induced, and the hydrate exploitation can only be carried out around a near-wellbore, but cannot be continuously carried out deep to a far end; meanwhile, in the depressurization exploitation process, hydrate secondary generation and icing are easy to cause ice blockage.
From the hydrate test production project which is carried out worldwide, the instability of a shaft, sand blockage and ice blockage in the hydrate production process are unavoidable phenomena in the hydrate production process, and become three main factors which restrict the safety, the high efficiency and the continuous production of the hydrate.
In terms of reservoir or wellbore instability, many studies have been conducted from the standpoint of locating production wells, auxiliary wells, and the like. Chinese patent CN1 11255419a discloses a method for exploiting natural gas hydrate by compounding, which uses the advantage of good stability of carbon dioxide hydrate, ensures stability of stratum, avoids geological disasters and massive decomposition of hydrate, but only uses CO2 displacement method to exploit hydrate, even if a great cost is input to arrange radial wells, multiple casing strings, etc., the exploitation efficiency of the system is not high; chinese patent CN109252832a discloses a hydrate exploitation method and exploitation device based on reservoir stabilization, which utilizes 1 production well and 2 auxiliary wells to exploit hydrate by combining depressurization and displacement.
In the aspect of sand prevention technology, a great deal of research and practice are carried out on aspects of adding sand prevention screens, powder sand separation backfill, "coarse and fine" gravel filling, a GeoFORM-like sand prevention system and the like from perforation sections at home and abroad, and certain knowledge and successful experience are obtained. Chinese patent CN1 13107437a discloses a multistage sand control method for exploitation of a muddy silt natural gas hydrate reservoir, which performs sand control by adding a screen pipe, coarse and fine gravel packing, preventing a metal fiber interlayer and pumping a flocculating agent, but the measure is limited to the vicinity of a shaft, and cannot enable production to go deep into the reservoir.
In the aspect of preventing and treating ice blockage in hydrate exploitation, a great deal of research on chemical heat generating agents is carried out in recent years, but a test exploitation system and an application method which are reliable and economical in a recognized technology are not formed yet. Chinese patent CN1 09281643a discloses a delayed self-heating system, which is composed of an aqueous ammonium chloride solution and water-in-oil sodium nitrite, and the purpose of slowing down contact between the aqueous ammonium chloride solution and the water-in-oil sodium nitrite is achieved by preparing the water-in-oil emulsion from the sodium nitrite, but the delayed self-heating system has a small effect on efficient excitation and decomposition of hydrates and is limited to near-wellbore regions.
At present, no prior art has provided a proper hydrate exploitation system and method in view of the unified consideration of safe, efficient and continuous hydrate exploitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a system and a method for exploiting hydrate by utilizing an artificial reservoir, is applied to the field of natural gas hydrate exploitation test exploitation engineering, and can meet the technological requirements of exploiting natural gas hydrate in vertical wells, inclined wells and horizontal wells.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
utilize exploitation system of artifical reservoir development hydrate, including exploitation well, artifical reservoir system and sand control, deblocking system, its characterized in that:
the exploitation well can be a vertical well, an inclined well or a horizontal well, and is preferably a horizontal well;
the artificial reservoir system: the multi-cluster dense perforation is established by multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and phase-change fracturing, wherein the multi-cluster dense perforation is a hole distribution mode of reducing the distance between each level of perforation clusters in a horizontal section and increasing the number of clusters, and aims to provide more cracking and sand feeding channels for the establishment of a large-scale dense artificial reservoir; the multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and phase change fracturing utilizes propping agents of different types, propping agents of different particle sizes and different propping filling forms to establish a large-scale artificial reservoir, wherein the propping agents of different particle sizes are quartz sand and phase change propping agents, and the propping filling forms adopt multi-combination particle size filling and phase change filling compensation;
the sand prevention and blockage removal system comprises: comprises self-aggregation sand control working solution, a blocking removal working solution system and ground supporting equipment; the self-polymerization sand control working solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1 to 1.5 percent of intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent, 10 to 15 percent of glycol and the balance of water;
the unblocking working solution is one of an autogenous heating system or an inhibitor solution, wherein: the self-heating body is prepared by NH 4 Cl/NaNO 2 The catalyst solution is displaced into the stratum to react with the main agent solution for generating heat after the phase-change fracturing fluid stops filling; the inhibitor solution is one of sodium chloride and potassium chloride with the concentration of 5-10 percent or one of methanol and glycol with the concentration of 20-30 percent,or one of 2-5% of polyvinyl caprolactam-cis-butadiene diamide and polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the distance between the perforation clusters is controlled to be 5-6 m/cluster, and the number of the perforation clusters is more than 10 clusters per section;
the multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and phase change fracturing aims to establish a large-scale artificial reservoir by using propping agents of different types, propping agents of different particle sizes and different propping filling forms;
preferably, the propping agents of different types are quartz sand and phase change propping agents, and the different propping filling forms refer to multi-combination particle size filling and phase change filling compensation;
preferably, the filling of the multiple groups of the particle sizes is completed by quartz sand;
preferably, the phase change filling compensation is accomplished by a phase change proppant;
preferably, the quartz sand is one or more of 70/140 mesh, 40/70 mesh and 30/50 mesh;
preferably, the phase-change propping agent is formed by phase-change fracturing liquid phase change pumped after conventional fracturing is finished, and the amount of the phase-change propping agent is set to be 10% -15% of the total amount of quartz sand;
the intelligent self-aggregation sand control agent is introduced into the multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing, so that sand grains can be automatically captured in a large range in a stratum, the sand grains are self-aggregated, the strength of an artificial reservoir filling layer is improved, and the better permeability is maintained;
preferably, the phase-change fracturing fluid utilizes an autogenous heating system to generate heat and heat in the stratum to induce phase change, and the phase-change temperature can be adjusted within the range of 10-120 ℃.
Preferably, the intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent is prepared by taking rosin modified epoxy resin, carbon nine petroleum resin, propyl triacetoxy silane, epoxy resin emulsifier Disponil LS500 and m-xylylenediamine as main components under certain reaction conditions in an organic solvent;
furthermore, the recommended dosage of the intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent is 0.8-1.5%, the action temperature can be optimized according to the reservoir requirements, and the action range is adjustable from 10 ℃ to 150 ℃;
preferably, the self-heating system is preferably NH 4 Cl/NaNO 2 The high heat generation efficiency system using acetic acid/ethyl acetate as a catalyst is used as a main agent, and further, the system heat generation agent solution is mixed with the phase-change fracturing fluid and pumped into the stratum during construction, and the catalyst solution is displaced into the stratum to react with the main agent solution for generating heat after the phase-change fracturing fluid stops filling.
The sand control and blockage removal system comprises self-aggregation sand control working solution, a blockage removal working solution system and ground supporting equipment.
Preferably, the self-polymerization sand control working solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1 to 1.5 percent of intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent, 10 to 15 percent of glycol and the balance of water;
the invention also provides a method, a process, related parameter control and the like for developing the hydrate by utilizing the artificial reservoir, which are as follows in detail:
s01, drilling and completing a production well, wherein the recommended well type is a horizontal well;
s02, designing a comprehensive scheme: the method comprises the steps of horizontal well sectional clustering, working solution optimal design, multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and phase change fracturing design, sand prevention and blockage removal scheme optimal design in the hydrate exploitation process and the like;
s03, establishing an artificial reservoir:
s03-1, firstly, carrying out multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing, adding quartz sand combined support with various particle sizes, adding an intelligent self-aggregation sand control agent in the sand fracturing process, effectively solidifying an artificial reservoir support filling layer, improving the strength, and preventing sand from being discharged;
s03-2, pumping and compounding the phase-change fracturing of the self-heating main agent, switching the catalyst solution after stopping injecting the phase-change fracturing fluid, and displacing the phase-change fracturing fluid into the stratum to react with the self-heating main agent solution to generate heat, so that the phase-change fracturing fluid is phase-changed into a propping agent under the action of a certain temperature, and filling and compensating are carried out outside the artificial reservoir, thereby further expanding the scale of the artificial reservoir.
S04, compound exploitation of hydrate:
s04-1, aiming at the phenomenon that sand production is common in the hydrate exploitation process, injecting a certain amount of self-gathering sand control working solution into an artificial reservoir at an irregular period through a sand control and blocking removal system, and arranging a layer of barrier outside the artificial reservoir to prevent sand production from blocking a shaft;
s04-2, if the yield is obviously reduced in the exploitation process, judging that the artificial reservoir or the shaft is possibly blocked by ice, injecting blocking removing working fluid into the stratum through a sand prevention and blocking removing system, effectively preventing and eliminating the possible blocking by ice in the exploitation process, and simultaneously playing a role in self-heating in-situ excitation decomposition or chemical inhibition of hydrate secondary generation on the hydrate reservoir.
The system and the method are applied to the exploitation construction of the natural gas hydrate, ensure the safety and stability of a shaft and a reservoir and the development sustainability of the hydrate, and are beneficial to the safety, high efficiency and deep development of the hydrate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
from the long-term development of natural gas hydrate, a huge artificial reservoir is established around a production well, the external contact area of a shaft is enlarged, the safety and stability of the shaft and the reservoir and the development continuity of the hydrate are ensured, and the safety, high efficiency and deep development of the hydrate are facilitated.
(1) The invention provides a related technology and a method for establishing an artificial reservoir, which are key to whether continuous and stable exploitation of hydrate exploitation is possible;
(2) The method can well solve the problems of sand production, ice blockage and the like in the hydrate exploitation process, and further improves the hydrate exploitation efficiency;
(3) The in-situ excitation decomposition or the inhibition of the generation of the hydrate reservoir can be carried out, and the development of the hydrate exploitation to the deep part is promoted;
(4) The invention can meet the technological requirements of the vertical well, the inclined well and the horizontal well for the trial production of the natural gas hydrate, improves the exploitation efficiency, saves the production cost and has strong operability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a production system for hydrate development using an artificial reservoir in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a downhole profile of a hydrate production system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the present invention after consolidation of an intelligent self-assembling sand control system with proppant;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of an in-situ implementation of the system and method for producing hydrates using an artificial reservoir provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides a exploitation system and a method for developing hydrate by utilizing an artificial reservoir, wherein the exploitation system comprises a exploitation well, an artificial reservoir system and a sand prevention and blockage removal system. The production well may be a vertical well, an inclined well, a horizontal well, preferably a horizontal well. The artificial reservoir system controls the perforation cluster spacing to be 5-6 m/cluster when the holes are distributed in a segmented mode, and the number of single-segment perforation clusters is more than 10 clusters; when an artificial reservoir is established, firstly quartz sand with various combined particle sizes is added into a hydrate reservoir by utilizing multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing to form an artificial reservoir filling layer, sand grains are automatically captured in a large range through an intelligent self-aggregation sand control agent, self-aggregation is carried out, and the strength of the filling layer is improved; and then phase-change filling and compensation are carried out after phase change occurs outside the artificial reservoir by using the phase-change fracturing fluid, so that a large-scale artificial reservoir is established. The sand control and blockage removal system comprises self-aggregation sand control working solution, a blockage removal working solution system and ground supporting equipment. The two working fluids are respectively used for preventing and treating sand and ice blockage of the reservoir so as to ensure that hydrate exploitation is safe, efficient and continuous.
The specific embodiment also provides a method, a process, related parameter control and the like for developing the hydrate by utilizing the artificial reservoir, which are as follows in detail:
s01, drilling and completing a production well, wherein the recommended well type is a horizontal well;
s02, designing a comprehensive scheme: the method comprises the steps of horizontal well sectional clustering, working solution optimal design, multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and phase change fracturing design, sand prevention and blockage removal scheme optimal design in the hydrate exploitation process and the like;
s03, establishing an artificial reservoir: carrying out multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and phase change fracturing on a horizontal well section of a production well, and establishing an artificial reservoir around a shaft; in the process of compound exploitation of the hydrate;
s04, compound exploitation of hydrate: the barrier is arranged for the artificial reservoir to prevent sand from being discharged through the injection of the self-polymerization sand control system, and ice blockage possibly occurring in the exploitation process is effectively prevented and eliminated through the injection of the inhibitor or the self-heating agent into the stratum.
Working fluids used in the production system and method for hydrate development using artificial reservoirs are described and illustrated below by a series of indoor experiments.
1. The optimization experiment of the intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent provided by the invention
After the intelligent self-aggregation sand control agent provided by the invention is dissolved in water, a three-dimensional network structure can be formed between crosslinking and consolidation molecules to capture sand grains, so that the self-aggregation effect of the sand grains is realized. The different product components are shown in Table 1, the corresponding performance parameters are shown in Table 2, and the effect of the intelligent self-polymerization sand control system after consolidation with the proppants is shown in FIG. 3.
TABLE 1 Components of different intelligent self-polymerizing sand control agents
TABLE 2 Intelligent self-polymerizing sand control agent performance parameters
Through a large number of experimental researches, the synthetic components of the intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent are adjusted, so that the sand control requirement in a wider temperature range can be met. According to the optimization of the components and the dosage, the consolidation action temperature of the No. 1 sand control agent and the No. 3 sand control agent is 10-25 ℃ and the consolidation time is 8-14 hours; 2. the consolidation temperature of the No. 4 sand control agent is above 26 ℃ and the consolidation time is relatively short. For hydrate reservoirs, the reservoir temperature is around 20 ℃ and possibly lower, so sand control agents for hydrate reservoirs are preferably both No. 1 and No. 3, with more usage ratios adjusted according to field needs in combination with the laboratory database.
2. The phase change performance optimization of the phase change fracturing fluid provided by the invention under the stratum temperature
According to analysis and research on hydrate reservoir parameters, the temperature in the middle of a horizontal section is generally not higher than 20 ℃, the phase-change temperature requirement on the phase-change fracturing fluid is higher, and the main factor of the phase-change temperature is the change of a phase-change regulator, so that under the condition of fixing 30% of a phase-change main agent, the phase-change time measurement is carried out under the condition of using different phase-change regulator dosages, and the experimental results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 fracturing fluid phase transition time at different phase transition modifier dosages
From the experimental results, the dosage of the phase-change regulator needs to reach 0.4%, and the phase-change fracturing fluid can only act in a hydrate reservoir below 20 ℃ in a short time.
3. The self-heating system optimization experiment provided by the invention
And carrying out a heat generation reaction experiment at the same experimental temperature of 20 ℃, examining the heat generation speed and the change condition of a heating temperature peak of a system under different heat generation main agent addition amounts and different heat generation control agent addition amounts, and providing a basis for the field application of a self-heating system. The experimental formulation and statistics of the experimental results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 results of heating experiments for heat generating systems under different formulations
From the experimental results, it can be seen that NH 4 Cl/NaNO 2 The system has relatively high heat generation temperature and good heat generation controllabilityAnd the self-heating reaction efficiency can be obviously improved through the compounding of the heat generation control agent and the dosage control (preferably acetic acid and ethyl acetate).
Of course, the above experiments only list the better experimental results, which are a very small part of the experiments of the working solution formula provided by the invention, and the optimization of the formula is a long and complex experimental process.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The chemicals referred to in the examples are all available from conventional means unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, the percentages referred to in the examples are percentages by mass.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a production system for hydrate development using an artificial reservoir is disclosed, including a sand control and plug removal system from top to bottom, an injection system, a gas transmission device, a production well, a hydrate reservoir, and an artificial reservoir system. The injection system works for the sand prevention and blockage removal system, the purpose is to pump working fluid into a reservoir according to construction requirements, the gas transmission device is a normal hydrate drainage flow, a mining well is directly and directly plugged into the hydrate reservoir, horizontal sections at the mining well are shown in the vertical direction, the core of the whole schematic diagram is an artificial reservoir system, first, finely clustered perforation is carried out on the horizontal sections, then fracturing construction is carried out, fracturing fluid carries propping agents into the reservoir from each perforation hole, hydraulic cracks are formed, the propping agents are spread out, so that a supporting filling layer of a channel is formed, and the dense supporting filling layer is used for building the artificial reservoir around a shaft.
Example 2
As shown in FIG. 2, the hydrate recovery system well provided by the invention is disclosedA schematic lower section. Through the schematic diagram, after the artificial reservoir system is established, a sand wall is similarly constructed around the well bore of the production well, so that the stability of the well bore and the reservoir is guaranteed, the hydraulic fracture and the supporting function of the propping agent filling layer have good permeability, hydrate fluid or decomposed gas can flow through the artificial reservoir to enter the well bore, and finally the produced ground is discharged. The size of the artificial reservoir directly affects the duration, production, etc. of the hydrate recovery. Assuming that the artificial reservoir established by each perforation cluster has a length L, a width D, and a height H, the scale of the artificial reservoir of a single cluster is v=l×d×h, the horizontal section of the production well is S, and the perforation interval is D, according to the simplest cube volume estimation, the artificial reservoir of the well has a scale V Total (S) =l×d×h×s/D. The hydrate reservoir can be decomposed and the coefficient K (0-0.7) is improved, and the sand adding amount is designed as shown in formula (1).
Assuming that the horizontal section length S=300m of the exploitation well is provided, the perforation interval is d=5m, the length L=10, the width D=5 and the height H=2 of the established artificial reservoir are provided, and the transformation coefficient is calculated according to 0.7, the sand adding amount is designed to be 4200m 3 According to quartz sand and phase change propping agent 10:1, quartz sand 3818m is required 3 Phase change proppant 382m 3 (corresponding to phase-change fracturing fluid 1275m 3 )。
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a main scheme for establishing an artificial reservoir and an implementation flow, and the flow can refer to fig. 4.
The horizontal well of a hydrate reservoir in south China sea has the reservoir muddy silt content exceeding 30 percent, the reservoir temperature being 20 ℃, the length of a well-laying horizontal well section being 300m, and the exploitation scheme to be adopted for the horizontal well is as follows:
the main body scheme comprises: horizontal well sectional clustering, working fluid optimization design, fracturing design and the like.
Segmentation clustering: considering 300m horizontal sections of a target horizontal well, taking long sections and multiple clusters as segmentation principles, reducing the segmentation number, reducing the bridge plug number, reducing the time and risk of bridge plug descending and drilling and grinding, and reducing the well completion cost, so that the horizontal sections are divided into 4 sections, and each section is 75m;
in order to form a tightly supported filling layer and establish a stable artificial reservoir, the construction section needs to be cut densely, so that the distance between perforation clusters is designed to be within 5m, the number of perforation clusters in a single section is 15 clusters, and the total number of perforation clusters is 60 clusters.
Working solution optimization:
fracturing fluid: the method can be used for constructing an integrated biological composite emulsion on line, and is a large-scale application system of Sichuan Shen and new material science and technology Co-ordinates; the method has the advantages of high swelling speed, good sand carrying performance, low damage, no residue and the like, performs on-line liquid preparation and fracturing integrated construction on an offshore platform, and reduces the site and equipment occupancy rate.
Sand control agent and sand control liquid: in the sand fracturing process, the intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent is compounded in the fracturing fluid, so that propping agents can be captured in a large range in a reservoir to form compact propping agent filling, and according to the indoor experimental research result, a sample No. 1 of the intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent is selected, and the design addition amount is 1.2%.
Phase-change fracturing fluid: considering that the temperature of a hydrate reservoir is within 20 ℃, under the condition that the solid content of a phase-change main agent is determined according to indoor experimental results, the consumption of a phase-change regulator needs to reach 0.4%, the system can well perform phase change to form a propping agent under the condition that the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the design consumption of the phase-change propping agent is 10% of the total amount of the quartz sand propping agent, and the consumption of the phase-change fracturing fluid is calculated to be 33% of the total amount of the quartz sand propping agent according to the solid content (30%) of the phase-change main agent.
Self-heating system: the sand control fluid and the phase change fracturing fluid are required to be completed at a certain temperature, and in order to improve the sand fixation and phase change supporting effects as much as possible, a self-heating system is adopted to self-heat the hydrate reservoir, and meanwhile, the decomposition of the hydrate can be promoted, so that the sand control fluid, the phase change fracturing fluid and the self-heating system are mixed for use, the effect of 1+1+1 > 3 is achieved, and meanwhile, the development effect of the hydrate reservoir is greatly improved;
therefore, considering that the well fluid is more in the fracturing process, the heat quantity of the reservoir is increased as much as possible according to the chamberAs a result of the internal experiment, a formula with optimal heat generation effect is preferable: 12% NH 4 Cl+12％NaNO 2 4% acetic acid and ethyl acetate are used as catalytic liquid, the reaction temperature peak is 67.9 ℃, and the temperature peak reaching time is 53min; the matched inhibitor solution is 20% glycol.
Combination of multi-particle size quartz sand: under the carrying of the integrated biological composite emulsion fracturing fluid, small-particle-size propping agents (70/140 and 40/70 quartz sand) are utilized to enter narrow cracks, support branch joints and front ends of main joints, large-particle-size propping agents (30/50 quartz sand) are utilized to support the inside of the main joints and the tail ends of the main joints, the advantage complementation is combined through multiple particle sizes, the flowback of the small-particle-size propping agents is reduced, the length of a supporting filling layer is increased, the high diversion capability is kept, meanwhile, phase change filling compensation is also facilitated for the phase change propping agents in the later stage, and the strength of an artificial reservoir is further improved.
The implementation flow is as follows:
(1) Multiple cluster dense perforations: sectional clustering perforation is carried out according to the design;
(2) Multi-scale multistage sand fracturing: performing step-by-step sand fracturing construction by using a tissue fracturing fluid, a propping agent, a fracturing manifold, fracturing equipment and the like, adding multi-combination quartz sand for filling, adding an intelligent self-aggregation sand control agent in the sand fracturing process, and effectively solidifying and supporting a filling layer to prevent sand from being discharged;
(3) Phase-change fracturing: the catalyst solution is replaced by the self-heating main agent phase-change fracturing fluid after the compound self-heating main agent phase-change fracturing fluid is pumped, the catalyst solution is completely replaced by the inhibitor solution after the pump is set for metering, and the catalyst solution reacts with the self-heating main agent solution to generate heat, so that the phase-change fracturing fluid is phase-changed into a propping agent under the heating effect of a certain self-heating system, and the outer side of an artificial reservoir is filled and compensated, so that the scale of the artificial reservoir is further enlarged.
Example 4
This embodiment discloses a safeguard measure for maintenance of an artificial reservoir and hydrate exploitation, and the flow of the safeguard measure can refer to fig. 4.
(1) Preparing a working solution:
the sand control and blockage removal system comprises self-aggregation sand control working solution, a blockage removal working solution system and ground supporting equipment.
Self-polymerization sand prevention working solution:
in the process of hydrate exploitation, a certain sand-out phenomenon can occur in an artificial reservoir, and production holes can be buried with sand or even a shaft is blocked in severe cases, so that irregular sand prevention and sand fixation work needs to be carried out for many times in the exploitation process, the intelligent self-gathering sand prevention agent 1.0% is selected in combination with the indoor experimental research result of the sand prevention agent and economic cost factors, the formula is selected, the sand prevention and consolidation requirements under the reservoir condition can be met by using the intelligent self-gathering sand prevention agent 1.0% and the ethylene glycol 15% and the balance of seawater, and meanwhile, the production cost is further reduced by using the seawater.
Self-heating system:
aiming at the problem that the decomposition heat absorption in the hydrate exploitation process possibly causes ice blockage of a production layer or a shaft, and combining with the indoor experimental result and economic factor, a self-generated heat formula with moderate heat generation effect and relatively low cost is selected: 10% NH 4 Cl+10％NaNO 2 4% acetic acid and ethyl acetate are used as catalytic liquid, the reaction temperature peak is 66.8 ℃, and the temperature peak reaching time is 55min;
inhibitor solution: 5% of polyethylene caprolactam-cis-butadiene diamide and the balance of water.
(2) Ground mating equipment: pump injection device, injection system, etc
(3) Preventing formation or artificial reservoir sand production: monitoring the sand discharge condition during hydrate extraction, injecting a certain amount of self-aggregation sand control working solution by using ground matching equipment at irregular intervals, cleaning the silt retained in a shaft in time, and simultaneously arranging a barrier for an artificial reservoir to prevent sand discharge;
(4) If the yield is found to be obviously reduced in the exploitation process, the situation that the artificial reservoir or the shaft is possibly blocked by ice is judged, the blocking removing working solution is selected according to the gas production and pressure conditions, the ice blocking of the shaft or the reservoir is eliminated by injecting the working solution through ground matched equipment, and meanwhile, the effect of self-heating in-situ excitation decomposition or chemical inhibition of hydrate secondary generation is also achieved on the hydrate reservoir.
The invention provides a exploitation system and a exploitation method for developing hydrate by utilizing an artificial reservoir, which are creative techniques aiming at the difficulty of exploiting natural gas hydrate and considered from the long-term exploitation of the natural gas hydrate, and are not suggested in the prior patent and literature report according to retrieval. The technology adopts various technical schemes for optimization and combination, and aims to establish a huge artificial reservoir around a production well, enlarge the external contact area of a shaft, ensure the safety and stability of the shaft and the reservoir and the development sustainability of the hydrate, and simultaneously adopt a certain technical means to ensure the safety, high efficiency and deep development of the hydrate.
According to the indoor research experiment and the embodiment, the invention provides a mining system and a mining method for developing hydrate by utilizing an artificial reservoir.
Firstly, a huge and stable artificial reservoir is established around a shaft, and multiple stages of sand fracturing, multiple-combination particle size supporting, phase-change fracturing, intelligent self-aggregation sand control agent, self-heating system and the like are applied, so that all links supplement each other, and the method is indispensable. The method comprises the steps of utilizing multistage sand fracturing and multi-combination particle size support to initially establish a huge support filling layer for a reservoir, combining phase change fracturing and intelligent self-polymerization sand control agents, utilizing the thermogenic catalysis of a self-heating system to fill and compensate the support filling layer, encrypting and solidifying, and further forming a stable artificial reservoir.
Secondly, phenomena such as sand and icing cannot appear in the process of exploiting the hydrate, and the corresponding problems must be solved in order to develop stably for a long time.
Therefore, the invention is proposed under the background that the prior art cannot fundamentally solve the safety, high efficiency and deep development of the natural gas hydrate, has originality, strong field applicability and operability, and has profound guiding significance for the development of the natural gas hydrate.
The embodiments described hereinabove are intended to illustrate the invention as it may be made or used by those skilled in the art, and modifications to the embodiments described hereinabove will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and thus the invention includes but is not limited to the embodiments described hereinabove, as well as any methods, processes, products consistent with the principles and novel and inventive features disclosed herein which are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Utilize exploitation system of artifical reservoir development hydrate, including exploitation well, artifical reservoir system and sand control, deblocking system, its characterized in that:
the exploitation well is a vertical well, an inclined well or a horizontal well;
the artificial reservoir system: the multi-cluster dense perforation is established by multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and phase-change fracturing, and is a hole distribution mode that the distance between each stage of perforation clusters in a horizontal section is reduced and the number of clusters is increased; the multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and phase change fracturing utilizes propping agents of different types, propping agents of different particle sizes and different propping filling forms to establish a large-scale artificial reservoir, wherein the propping agents of different particle sizes are quartz sand and phase change propping agents, and the propping filling forms adopt multi-combination particle size filling and phase change filling compensation;
the sand prevention and blockage removal system comprises: comprises self-aggregation sand control working solution, a blocking removal working solution system and ground supporting equipment; the self-polymerization sand control working solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1 to 1.5 percent of intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent, 10 to 15 percent of glycol and the balance of water;
the unblocking working solution is one of an autogenous heating system or an inhibitor solution, wherein: the self-heating body is prepared by NH 4 Cl/NaNO 2 The catalyst solution is displaced into the stratum to react with the main agent solution for generating heat after the phase-change fracturing fluid stops filling; the inhibitor solution is one of sodium chloride and potassium chloride of 5-10%, methanol and glycol of 20-30%, or2-5% of one of polyethylene caprolactam-cis-butadiene diamide and polyvinyl alcohol; the intelligent self-aggregation sand control agent is introduced into the multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and is used for automatically capturing sand grains in a stratum in a large range, self-aggregating, and improving the strength of an artificial reservoir filling layer;
the phase-change fracturing fluid is prepared by heating and triggering phase change in a stratum by utilizing an autogenous heating system, and the phase-change temperature can be adjusted within the range of 10-120 ℃; the intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent is prepared from rosin modified epoxy resin, carbon nine petroleum resin, propyl triacetoxy silane, epoxy resin emulsifier Disponil LS500 and m-xylylenediamine in an organic solvent.
2. The mining system for developing hydrate by using an artificial reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the optimal dosage of the intelligent self-polymerization sand control agent is 0.8-1.5%, the action temperature is optimized according to the reservoir requirement, and the action range is adjustable from 10 ℃ to 150 ℃.
3. A method of exploiting hydrate by means of an artificial reservoir, the method being based on the exploitation system of claim 1; the method is characterized in that:
s01, drilling and completing a production well;
s02, designing a comprehensive scheme: the method comprises the steps of horizontal well sectional clustering, working solution optimal design, multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing and phase change fracturing design and optimal design of a sand prevention and blockage removal scheme in the hydrate exploitation process;
s03, establishing an artificial reservoir:
s03-1, firstly, carrying out multi-scale multi-stage sand fracturing, adding quartz sand combined support with various particle sizes, adding an intelligent self-aggregation sand control agent in the sand fracturing process, effectively solidifying an artificial reservoir support filling layer, improving the strength, and preventing sand from being discharged;
s03-2, pumping phase-change fracturing of the self-heating main agent, switching the catalyst solution after stopping injecting the phase-change fracturing fluid, displacing the phase-change fracturing fluid into the stratum to react with the self-heating main agent solution for generating heat, so that the phase-change fracturing fluid is phase-changed into a propping agent under the action of a certain temperature, filling and compensating outside the artificial reservoir, and further expanding the scale of the artificial reservoir;
s04, compound exploitation of hydrate:
s04-1, aiming at the phenomenon that sand production is common in the hydrate exploitation process, injecting a certain amount of self-gathering sand control working solution into an artificial reservoir at an irregular period through a sand control and blocking removal system, and arranging a layer of barrier outside the artificial reservoir to prevent sand production from blocking a shaft;
s04-2, if the yield is obviously reduced in the exploitation process, judging that the artificial reservoir or the shaft is blocked by ice, injecting blocking removing working fluid into the stratum through a sand prevention and blocking removing system, effectively preventing and eliminating the blocking by ice in the exploitation process, and simultaneously playing a role in self-heating in-situ excitation decomposition or chemical inhibition of hydrate secondary generation on the hydrate reservoir.
4. The natural gas hydrate exploitation construction process is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the exploitation method for developing hydrate by using an artificial reservoir according to claim 3 is applied to the exploitation construction of natural gas hydrate.
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