CN106866935B - 一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106866935B
CN106866935B CN201710126643.4A CN201710126643A CN106866935B CN 106866935 B CN106866935 B CN 106866935B CN 201710126643 A CN201710126643 A CN 201710126643A CN 106866935 B CN106866935 B CN 106866935B
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周新星
张翛
刘海
刘志胜
辛润勤
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Shanxi Jiaoke Highway Survey and Design Institute
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Abstract

本发明涉及高分子聚合物合成技术领域,具体公开了一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料及其制备方法。在装有电动搅拌器、回流冷凝管、数显温度计的玻璃反应器中,加入温轮胶于120℃下抽真空1h后,冷却至75℃加入2,4‑甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,滴加三乙醇胺和辛酸亚锡于75℃搅拌0.5h,然后继续加入1,4‑丁二醇、丙酮和正戊烷于75℃搅拌1.5h,得到聚氨酯预聚体,最后在58℃、0.01MPa真空度下减压蒸馏出丙酮,得到生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料。该生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料的制备方法无毒、无污染、经济合理,可大规模应用于生物医学,路面板底脱空,催化剂载体等领域。

Description

一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子聚合物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
生物多糖基水性聚氨酯以丙酮为溶剂(分散介质),具有轻质性、高膨胀性、快硬性、耐久性、微损性、环境友好等优良特性;广泛应用于生物医学,路面板底脱空,催化剂载体等领域。由于生物多糖聚氨酯与人体细胞、骨骼相容性极好,因此生物多糖基水性聚氨酯在医学领域的应用将前途无限。
温轮胶属于生物基高分子聚合物,是一种生物多糖。由于其羟基多,高温粘度大,可再生,且与人体组织和骨骼相容性较好,具有保水性、增稠性、假塑性、稳定性,所以广泛应用于生物医学、砂浆、混凝土及沥青改性剂等领域,且该材料具有制备工艺简单、环境友好、性能易于调节等特点。
现有聚氨酯注浆材料存在着土体粘附性弱、生物相容性差、弹性恢复能力弱等关键问题,而生物多糖基水性聚氨酯融合了温轮胶和聚氨酯的特点,材料与土体粘附性强、生物相容性好、力学强度高、弹性恢复能力强可作为注浆填充材料、生物医学骨骼填充物及催化剂载体。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的聚氨酯与土体粘附性弱、生物相容性差、路面板底脱空、催化剂催化效率低下等问题,本发明提供了一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料及其制备方法,该聚氨酯材料无毒、无污染,属于环境友好型材料。
本发明的制备方法简单易行,操作方便,对设备要求低,工艺简单。
实现本发明上述目的所采用的技术方案为:
一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料,其特征在于由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:
Figure BDA0001237770460000011
Figure BDA0001237770460000021
优选的,所述生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:
Figure BDA0001237770460000022
最佳的,所述生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:
Figure BDA0001237770460000023
一种上述各原料配比的生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)在装有电动搅拌器、回流冷凝管、数显温度计的玻璃反应器中,加入温轮胶,设定搅拌速率为100-300转/分钟,在搅拌条件下于120℃下抽真空1h;
2)冷却至75℃左右依次加入2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,然后滴加三乙醇胺和辛酸亚锡,于75℃下搅拌0.5h,搅拌的速率为100-300转/分钟;
3)再依次加入1,4-丁二醇、丙酮和正戊烷于75℃继续搅拌1.5h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
4)将聚氨酯预聚体在58℃、0.01MPa真空度下减压蒸馏出丙酮,得到生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料。
2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯作为聚氨酯材料的主剂,起到结构形成作用;温轮胶在聚氨酯制备过程中充当固化剂,起到固化异氰酸酯的作用;1,4-丁二醇在聚氨酯制备过程中充当扩链剂,起到增加聚氨酯链长、提高聚氨酯材料强度的作用;三乙醇胺和辛酸亚锡在聚氨酯制备过程中充当催化剂,起到催化聚氨酯预聚体的合成、调控聚氨酯固化时间的作用;正戊烷则为发泡剂,丙酮为溶剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和有益效果在于:
1)本发明的生物多糖基水性聚氨酯的制备方法简单易行,操作方便,所需的设备简单常见,不需要投入过多的设备经费,因此,生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料所需的成本低廉,适合工业化生产。
2)本发明的生物多糖基水性材料的制备方法无毒、无污染、经济合理,可大规模应用于生物医学,路面板底脱空,催化剂载体等领域。
3)本发明原料无毒,且制备过程中固化剂为生物多糖,环境友好,不需要使用大型设备或复杂工艺。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
生物相容性的评判:通过Ringer's模拟液浸泡实验评价生物多糖基水性聚氨酯的生物相容性。
力学性能的评判:根据JC/T2041-2010聚氨酯灌浆材料中国建材行业规范要求,参考GB/T 1041-2008进行抗压强度试验,加载速度500N/s,以试件压缩应变为30%时的荷载进行抗压强度计算。
聚氨酯与土体粘附性试验采用拉拔试验装置,拉拔速率为1mm/min,粘附性表征指标为吸附力。
温轮胶属于生物基高分子聚合物,是一种生物多糖,以下实施例中所用温轮胶购买自河北恒标生物科技有限公司HENWAN FCA牌建筑级外加剂。
本说明书中未写明单位的“份”均指“重量份”。
实施例1
一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:
Figure BDA0001237770460000041
一种利用上述原料制备生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料的方法,其步骤是:
1)在装有电动搅拌器、回流冷凝管、数显温度计的玻璃反应器中,加入300重量份温轮胶,设定搅拌速率为100转/分钟,在搅拌条件下于120℃下抽真空1h;
2)冷却至75℃左右依次加入250重量份2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、50重量份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,然后滴加30重量份三乙醇胺和10重量份辛酸亚锡,于75℃下搅拌0.5h,搅拌的速率为100转/分钟;
3)再依次加入12重量份1,4-丁二醇、100重量份丙酮和10重量份正戊烷于75℃继续搅拌1.5h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
4)将聚氨酯预聚体在58℃、0.01MPa真空度下减压蒸馏出丙酮,得到生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料。
对所得生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料样品进行Ringer’S模拟液(CZ0045,购于上海经科化学科技有限公司,以下实施例同)浸泡实验,研究固化时间变化(0.1h、0.2h、0.3h、0.5h、1h和2h)对周围组织液pH值、样品抗压强度的影响,评价聚氨酯材料样品对人体组织的生物相容性。如表1所示,不同固化时间下浸泡液pH均接近7.40,接近中性,表明实施例1制备的生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料的pH值在生理条件下均处于安全变化范围内,对人体的刺激较小,在接近人体条件下具有一定的稳定性,符合植入材料的性能要求。
表1 Ringer’s溶液的pH值变化
Figure BDA0001237770460000051
根据JC/T2041-2010聚氨酯灌浆材料中国建材行业规范要求,参考GB/T 1041-2008进行抗压强度试验,加载速度500N/s,以试件压缩应变为30%时的荷载进行抗压强度计算。不同固化时间下聚氨酯材料样品的抗压强度(MPa)如表2所示,随着固化时间的增加,聚氨酯抗压强度不断增加,这是因为聚氨酯固化过程中聚氨酯链段不断增长,网络结构不断完善,由液态转变为固态,从而使抗压强度增加。
表2生物多糖基水性聚氨酯的抗压强度变化
Figure BDA0001237770460000052
依据粘附性测试方法,实施例1所得的聚氨酯材料与土体吸附力为156.25KN。
实施例2
一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:
一种利用上述原料制备生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料的方法,其步骤是:
1)在装有电动搅拌器、回流冷凝管、数显温度计的玻璃反应器中,加入200重量份温轮胶,设定搅拌速率为200转/分钟,在搅拌条件下于120℃下抽真空1h;
2)冷却至75℃左右依次加入250重量份2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、50重量份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,然后滴加30重量份三乙醇胺和10重量份辛酸亚锡,于75℃下搅拌0.5h,搅拌的速率为200转/分钟;
3)再依次加入12重量份1,4-丁二醇、100重量份丙酮和10重量份正戊烷于75℃继续搅拌1.5h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
4)将聚氨酯预聚体在58℃、0.01MPa真空度下减压蒸馏出丙酮,得到生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料。
对所得生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料样品进行Ringer’S模拟液浸泡实验,研究固化时间变化(0.1h、0.2h、0.3h、0.5h、1h和2h)对周围组织液pH值、样品抗压强度的影响,评价聚氨酯材料样品对人体组织的生物相容性。如表3所示,不同固化时间下浸泡液pH均接近7.0,呈中性,表明实施例2制备的生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料的pH值在生理条件下均处于安全变化范围内,对人体的刺激很小,在接近人体条件下具有较强的稳定性,符合植入材料的性能要求。
表3 Ringer’s溶液的pH值变化
根据JC/T2041-2010聚氨酯灌浆材料中国建材行业规范要求,参考GB/T 1041-2008进行抗压强度试验,加载速度500N/s,以试件压缩应变为30%时的荷载进行抗压强度计算。不同固化时间下聚氨酯材料样品的抗压强度如表4所示,随着固化时间的增加,聚氨酯抗压强度不断增加,这是因为聚氨酯固化过程中聚氨酯链段不断增长,网络结构不断完善,由液态转变为固态,从而使抗压强度增加。
表4生物多糖基水性聚氨酯的抗压强度变化
Figure BDA0001237770460000062
依据粘附性测试方法,实施例2所得的聚氨酯材料与土体吸附力为153.62KN。
实施例3
一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:
Figure BDA0001237770460000063
Figure BDA0001237770460000071
一种利用上述原料制备生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料的方法,其步骤是:
1)在装有电动搅拌器、回流冷凝管、数显温度计的玻璃反应器中,加入100重量份温轮胶,设定搅拌速率为300转/分钟,在搅拌条件下于120℃下抽真空1h;
2)冷却至75℃左右依次加入250重量份2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、50重量份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,然后滴加30重量份三乙醇胺和10重量份辛酸亚锡,于75℃下搅拌0.5h,搅拌的速率为300转/分钟;
3)再依次加入12重量份1,4-丁二醇、100重量份丙酮和10重量份正戊烷于75℃继续搅拌1.5h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
4)将聚氨酯预聚体在58℃、0.01MPa真空度下减压蒸馏出丙酮,得到生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料。
对所得生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料样品进行Ringer’S模拟液浸泡实验,研究固化时间变化(0.1h、0.2h、0.3h、0.5h、1h和2h)对周围组织液pH值、样品抗压强度的影响,评价聚氨酯材料样品对人体组织的生物相容性。如表5所示,不同固化时间下浸泡液pH均接近6.85,呈弱酸性,表明实施例3制备的生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料的pH值在生理条件下均处于安全变化范围内,对人体的刺激较小,在接近人体条件下具有一定的稳定性,符合植入材料的性能要求。
表5 Ringer’s溶液的pH值变化
Figure BDA0001237770460000072
根据JC/T2041-2010聚氨酯灌浆材料中国建材行业规范要求,参考GB/T 1041-2008进行抗压强度试验,加载速度500N/s,以试件压缩应变为30%时的荷载进行抗压强度计算。不同固化时间下聚氨酯材料样品的抗压强度如表6所示,随着固化时间的增加,聚氨酯抗压强度不断增加,这是因为聚氨酯固化过程中聚氨酯链段不断增长,网络结构不断完善,由液态转变为固态,从而使抗压强度增加。
表6生物多糖基水性聚氨酯的抗压强度变化
Figure BDA0001237770460000081
依据粘附性测试方法,实施例3所得的聚氨酯材料与土体吸附力为141.56KN。
综合比较分析可知,实施例2制备的生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料生物相容性和力学性能最佳,即当生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料的制备原料组成为温轮胶:2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯:1,4-丁二醇:三乙醇胺:辛酸亚锡:丙酮:正戊烷的重量比=200:250:50:12:30:10:100:10时所制备的生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料性能最佳。

Claims (3)

1.一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料,其特征在于,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:
原料 重量份
温轮胶 100-300
2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯 250
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 50
1,4-丁二醇 12
三乙醇胺 10-30
辛酸亚锡 10-30
丙酮 100
正戊烷 10-50;
所述生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)在装有电动搅拌器、回流冷凝管、数显温度计的玻璃反应器中,加入温轮胶,设定搅拌速率为100-300转/分钟,在搅拌条件下于120℃下抽真空1h;
2)冷却至70-80℃依次加入2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,然后滴加三乙醇胺和辛酸亚锡,于75℃下搅拌0.5h,搅拌的速率为100-300转/分钟;
3)再依次加入1,4-丁二醇、丙酮和正戊烷于75℃继续搅拌1.5h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
4)将聚氨酯预聚体在58℃、0.01MPa真空度下减压蒸馏出丙酮,得到生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料,其特征在于,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:
原料 重量份
温轮胶 100-300
2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯 250
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 50
1,4-丁二醇 12
三乙醇胺 30
辛酸亚锡 10
丙酮 100
正戊烷 10。
3.如权利要求2所述的生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料,其特征在于,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:
原料 重量份
温轮胶 200
2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯 250
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 50
1,4-丁二醇 12
三乙醇胺 30
辛酸亚锡 10
丙酮 100
正戊烷 10。
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