CN106866178A - 环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106866178A
CN106866178A CN201710129382.1A CN201710129382A CN106866178A CN 106866178 A CN106866178 A CN 106866178A CN 201710129382 A CN201710129382 A CN 201710129382A CN 106866178 A CN106866178 A CN 106866178A
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龚家红
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖及其制备方法，属于建筑材料技术领域。该方法先将建筑垃圾经破碎、分拣等处理得到再生粗细骨料；然后将陶粒吸附抗菌液；再加入水泥、再生粗骨料、再生细骨料、竹纤维、硅溶胶、减水剂和水进行配料，搅拌均匀；用发泡机将发泡剂充分发泡后将泡沫与浆料混合制得泡沫混凝土；再泵送、注模成型、养护、脱模取砖；最后在表面喷涂含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料。此方法操作简单，所用原料无毒害，环保、节省能源和资源，得到的轻质墙砖具有强度高、阻燃性好、抑菌等优点。

Description

环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，具体涉及一种环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着城市化进程的不断加快，城市中建筑垃圾的产生和排出数量也在快速增长。人们在享受城市文明的同时，也在遭受城市垃圾所带来的烦恼，其中建筑垃圾就占有相当大的比例，约占垃圾总量的30％～40％，这无疑加剧了人与环境、人与资源之间的矛盾，因此如何处理和利用建筑垃圾，已经成为各级政府部门和建筑垃圾处理单位所面临的一个重要课题。
建筑垃圾中的许多废弃物经分拣、剔除或粉碎后，大多是可以作为再生资源重新利用的。利用废弃建筑混凝土生产粗细骨料，可用于生产再生砖、砌块、墙板、地砖等建材制品。
本发明旨在研究一种利用建筑垃圾再生的墙砖，一则解决污染环境的问题，二则通过改性使其成为良好的建筑材料，具有阻燃、抑菌等性能，其制备方法也不同于现有的仅仅是将阻燃剂、抑菌剂等组分掺和在混凝土配料中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足，而提供一种环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖及其制备方法，该方法绿色环保、节省能源和资源，制得的墙砖具有质轻、强度高、阻燃性好、抑菌等优点。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将建筑垃圾经破碎、分拣、筛分、整形、清洗、干燥得到再生粗细骨料，其中再生粗骨料的粒径为5-25mm，再生细骨料的粒径为0-5mm；
2)将抗菌液与陶粒按照质量比1:1进行混合，每两小时翻动一次，使陶粒充分吸附抗菌液；
3)将步骤2)吸附抗菌液后的陶粒10-20份与水泥50-70份、再生粗骨料30-45份、再生细骨料20-35份、竹纤维5-10份、硅溶胶2-5份、减水剂0.5-1份、水20-50份进行配料，搅拌均匀，备用；
4)用发泡机将发泡剂充分发泡；
5)将步骤4)得到的泡沫与步骤3)得到的浆料充分搅拌混合；
6)将步骤5)得到的泡沫混凝土泵送至模具，注模成型；
7)标准养护14d后，再在CO2气体氛围中继续养护14d，脱模取砖；
8)在步骤7)得到的墙砖表面喷涂含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料，即得所述环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖。
更进一步地，所述步骤2)中抗菌液的制备方法如下：将5-8份橄榄叶提取物、2-4份大蒜素、1-3份丁香酚溶于40-50份丙二醇中搅拌均匀，得混合物A；将6-10份壳聚糖季铵盐溶于5倍量去离子水中，震荡至完全溶解，后加入8-15份甲基纤维素，加热至50℃搅拌均匀，得混合物B；将混合物A、混合物B以及1-3份海藻酸钠边搅拌边混合，然后将所得液体负压除泡、静置24h，即得抗菌液。
更进一步地，所述步骤2)中陶粒为垃圾烧渣加入水泥造粒，再经自然养护得到的免烧垃圾陶粒，粒径为5-10mm。
更进一步地，所述步骤3)中竹纤维是经双氧水漂白、自然晒干所得，抗拉强度大于120MPa，长度为10-20mm，等效直径2-3mm，含水量为8％-10％。
更进一步地，所述步骤3)中减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂。
更进一步地，所述步骤4)中发泡剂为含有速凝剂、增强剂、抗渗剂的复合发泡剂或单纯的发泡剂，其中单纯的发泡剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠化学发泡剂、改性茶皂素类发泡剂、动物蛋白类发泡剂中的一种。
更进一步地，所述步骤7)中CO2气体养护浓度为10％-15％，温度为20℃±3℃，湿度为70％±5％。
更进一步地，所述步骤8)中含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料制备方法如下：将80份乙酸乙烯酯加入到2份烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、0.5份引发剂和100份去离子水中，搅拌均匀得混合液C；将20份乙酸乙烯酯加入到10份聚乙烯醇、2份烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、1份引发剂和60份去离子水中，升温至50℃并保持1h，然后向其中滴加混合液C，滴完继续反应1h，降至室温；加入20份聚乙烯醇溶液、15份滑石粉、2份三氧化二锑和6份十溴联苯醚，搅拌30min制得乳液；采用喷雾干燥机对乳液进行干燥，干燥后的粉末过160目筛，即得所述含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料。
由上述环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法制得的环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖。
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果为：
本发明的制备方法操作简单，所用原料无毒害，且能有效解决垃圾问题，其中粗细骨料都是由建筑垃圾再生，陶粒由生活垃圾制得，原料充足、成本低、能耗少，环保性能好；
本发明的墙砖质轻、强度高，竹纤维的加入弥补了再生骨料强度不足的缺陷，陶粒由于密度小，内部多孔，形态成分较均一，有一定坚固性，更增加了其强度，此外经过CO2气体养护，墙砖的致密性和力学性能更好；
本发明的墙砖阻燃性好，泡沫混凝土是无机材料，不会燃烧，从而具有良好的耐火性，同时在墙砖表面喷涂了含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料，不同于传统的粉末阻燃剂，不含有分散、流平等助剂，环保健康，且涂层致密、附着力、阻燃性更强；
本发明的墙砖还具有抑菌性能，能有效抵抗厌氧菌等细菌性的侵蚀，防止墙砖发霉，外观变绿，从而避免影响墙砖的力学性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将建筑垃圾经破碎、分拣、筛分、整形、清洗、干燥得到再生粗细骨料，其中再生粗骨料的粒径为5-25mm，再生细骨料的粒径为0-5mm；
2)将抗菌液与陶粒按照质量比1:1进行混合，每两小时翻动一次，使陶粒充分吸附抗菌液；
其中所述抗菌液的制备方法如下：将5份橄榄叶提取物、2份大蒜素、1份丁香酚溶于40份丙二醇中搅拌均匀，得混合物A；将6份壳聚糖季铵盐溶于5倍量去离子水中，震荡至完全溶解，后加入8份甲基纤维素，加热至50℃搅拌均匀，得混合物B；将混合物A、混合物B以及1份海藻酸钠边搅拌边混合，然后将所得液体负压除泡、静置24h，即得；
所述陶粒为垃圾烧渣加入水泥造粒，再经自然养护得到的免烧垃圾陶粒，粒径为5-10mm；
3)将步骤2)吸附抗菌液后的陶粒10份与水泥50份、再生粗骨料30份、再生细骨料20份、竹纤维5份、硅溶胶2份、聚羧酸减水剂0.5份、水20份进行配料，搅拌均匀，备用；
其中所述竹纤维是经双氧水漂白、自然晒干所得，抗拉强度大于120MPa，长度为10-20mm，等效直径2-3mm，含水量为8％-10％；
4)用发泡机将发泡剂充分发泡，其中发泡剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠化学发泡剂；
5)将步骤4)得到的泡沫与步骤3)得到的浆料充分搅拌混合；
6)将步骤5)得到的泡沫混凝土泵送至模具，注模成型；
7)标准养护14d后，再在CO2气体氛围中继续养护14d，脱模取砖，其中CO2气体养护浓度为10％，温度为20℃±3℃，湿度为70％±5％；
8)在步骤7)得到的墙砖表面喷涂含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料，即得所述环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖；
其中含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料制备方法如下：将80份乙酸乙烯酯加入到2份烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、0.5份引发剂和100份去离子水中，搅拌均匀得混合液C；将20份乙酸乙烯酯加入到10份聚乙烯醇、2份烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、1份引发剂和60份去离子水中，升温至50℃并保持1h，然后向其中滴加混合液C，滴完继续反应1h，降至室温；加入20份聚乙烯醇溶液、15份滑石粉、2份三氧化二锑和6份十溴联苯醚，搅拌30min制得乳液；采用喷雾干燥机对乳液进行干燥，干燥后的粉末过160目筛，即得。
实施例2
一种环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将建筑垃圾经破碎、分拣、筛分、整形、清洗、干燥得到再生粗细骨料，其中再生粗骨料的粒径为5-25mm，再生细骨料的粒径为0-5mm；
2)将抗菌液与陶粒按照质量比1:1进行混合，每两小时翻动一次，使陶粒充分吸附抗菌液；
其中所述抗菌液的制备方法如下：将6份橄榄叶提取物、3份大蒜素、2份丁香酚溶于45份丙二醇中搅拌均匀，得混合物A；将8份壳聚糖季铵盐溶于5倍量去离子水中，震荡至完全溶解，后加入10份甲基纤维素，加热至50℃搅拌均匀，得混合物B；将混合物A、混合物B以及2份海藻酸钠边搅拌边混合，然后将所得液体负压除泡、静置24h，即得；
所述陶粒为垃圾烧渣加入水泥造粒，再经自然养护得到的免烧垃圾陶粒，粒径为5-10mm；
3)将步骤2)吸附抗菌液后的陶粒15份与水泥60份、再生粗骨料38份、再生细骨料27份、竹纤维7份、硅溶胶3份、聚羧酸减水剂0.8份、水35份进行配料，搅拌均匀，备用；
其中所述竹纤维是经双氧水漂白、自然晒干所得，抗拉强度大于120MPa，长度为10-20mm，等效直径2-3mm，含水量为8％-10％；
4)用发泡机将发泡剂充分发泡，其中发泡剂为含有速凝剂、增强剂、抗渗剂的复合发泡剂；
5)将步骤4)得到的泡沫与步骤3)得到的浆料充分搅拌混合；
6)将步骤5)得到的泡沫混凝土泵送至模具，注模成型；
7)标准养护14d后，再在CO2气体氛围中继续养护14d，脱模取砖，其中CO2气体养护浓度为12％，温度为20℃±3℃，湿度为70％±5％；
8)在步骤7)得到的墙砖表面喷涂含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料，即得所述环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖；
其中含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料制备方法如下：将80份乙酸乙烯酯加入到2份烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、0.5份引发剂和100份去离子水中，搅拌均匀得混合液C；将20份乙酸乙烯酯加入到10份聚乙烯醇、2份烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、1份引发剂和60份去离子水中，升温至50℃并保持1h，然后向其中滴加混合液C，滴完继续反应1h，降至室温；加入20份聚乙烯醇溶液、15份滑石粉、2份三氧化二锑和6份十溴联苯醚，搅拌30min制得乳液；采用喷雾干燥机对乳液进行干燥，干燥后的粉末过160目筛，即得。
实施例3
一种环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将建筑垃圾经破碎、分拣、筛分、整形、清洗、干燥得到再生粗细骨料，其中再生粗骨料的粒径为5-25mm，再生细骨料的粒径为0-5mm；
2)将抗菌液与陶粒按照质量比1:1进行混合，每两小时翻动一次，使陶粒充分吸附抗菌液；
其中所述抗菌液的制备方法如下：将8份橄榄叶提取物、4份大蒜素、3份丁香酚溶于50份丙二醇中搅拌均匀，得混合物A；将10份壳聚糖季铵盐溶于5倍量去离子水中，震荡至完全溶解，后加入15份甲基纤维素，加热至50℃搅拌均匀，得混合物B；将混合物A、混合物B以及3份海藻酸钠边搅拌边混合，然后将所得液体负压除泡、静置24h，即得；
所述陶粒为垃圾烧渣加入水泥造粒，再经自然养护得到的免烧垃圾陶粒，粒径为5-10mm；
3)将步骤2)吸附抗菌液后的陶粒20份与水泥70份、再生粗骨料45份、再生细骨料35份、竹纤维10份、硅溶胶5份、聚羧酸减水剂1份、水50份进行配料，搅拌均匀，备用；
其中所述竹纤维是经双氧水漂白、自然晒干所得，抗拉强度大于120MPa，长度为10-20mm，等效直径2-3mm，含水量为8％-10％；
4)用发泡机将发泡剂充分发泡，其中发泡剂为改性茶皂素类发泡剂；
5)将步骤4)得到的泡沫与步骤3)得到的浆料充分搅拌混合；
6)将步骤5)得到的泡沫混凝土泵送至模具，注模成型；
7)标准养护14d后，再在CO2气体氛围中继续养护14d，脱模取砖，其中CO2气体养护浓度为15％，温度为20℃±3℃，湿度为70％±5％；
8)在步骤7)得到的墙砖表面喷涂含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料，即得所述环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖；
其中含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料制备方法如下：将80份乙酸乙烯酯加入到2份烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、0.5份引发剂和100份去离子水中，搅拌均匀得混合液C；将20份乙酸乙烯酯加入到10份聚乙烯醇、2份烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、1份引发剂和60份去离子水中，升温至50℃并保持1h，然后向其中滴加混合液C，滴完继续反应1h，降至室温；加入20份聚乙烯醇溶液、15份滑石粉、2份三氧化二锑和6份十溴联苯醚，搅拌30min制得乳液；采用喷雾干燥机对乳液进行干燥，干燥后的粉末过160目筛，即得。
对照例1
其余均与实施例2相同，不同的是步骤3)中配料为吸附抗菌液后的陶粒15份、水泥60份、再生粗骨料38份、再生细骨料27份、硅溶胶3份、聚羧酸减水剂0.8份、水35份。
对照例2
申请号为201210051522.5，名称为“一种用建筑垃圾制作高强阻燃型轻质墙体砖的方法”的中国专利中的实施例3。
将本发明实施例1-3及对照例1-2的墙砖进行性能测试，结果如下表1所示：
表1性能测试结果
由表中可知，本发明得到的轻质墙砖强度高、抑菌效果好、阻燃性能优。
本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (9)

1.环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1）将建筑垃圾经破碎、分拣、筛分、整形、清洗、干燥得到再生粗细骨料，其中再生粗骨料的粒径为5-25mm，再生细骨料的粒径为0-5mm；
2）将抗菌液与陶粒按照质量比1:1进行混合，每两小时翻动一次，使陶粒充分吸附抗菌液；
3）将步骤2）吸附抗菌液后的陶粒10-20份与水泥50-70份、再生粗骨料30-45份、再生细骨料20-35份、竹纤维5-10份、硅溶胶2-5份、减水剂0.5-1份、水20-50份进行配料，搅拌均匀，备用；
4）用发泡机将发泡剂充分发泡；
5）将步骤4）得到的泡沫与步骤3）得到的浆料充分搅拌混合；
6）将步骤5）得到的泡沫混凝土泵送至模具，注模成型；
7）标准养护14d后，再在CO2气体氛围中继续养护14d，脱模取砖；
8）在步骤7）得到的墙砖表面喷涂含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料，即得所述环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2）中抗菌液的制备方法如下：将5-8份橄榄叶提取物、2-4份大蒜素、1-3份丁香酚溶于40-50份丙二醇中搅拌均匀，得混合物A；将6-10份壳聚糖季铵盐溶于5倍量去离子水中，震荡至完全溶解，后加入8-15份甲基纤维素，加热至50℃搅拌均匀，得混合物B；将混合物A、混合物B以及1-3份海藻酸钠边搅拌边混合，然后将所得液体负压除泡、静置24h，即得抗菌液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2）中陶粒为垃圾烧渣加入水泥造粒，再经自然养护得到的免烧垃圾陶粒，粒径为5-10mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3）中竹纤维是经双氧水漂白、自然晒干所得，抗拉强度大于120MPa，长度为10-20mm，等效直径2-3mm，含水量为8%-10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3）中减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4）中发泡剂为含有速凝剂、增强剂、抗渗剂的复合发泡剂或单纯的发泡剂，其中单纯的发泡剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠化学发泡剂、改性茶皂素类发泡剂、动物蛋白类发泡剂中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤7）中CO2气体养护浓度为10%-15%，温度为20℃±3℃，湿度为70%±5%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤8）中含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料制备方法如下：将80份乙酸乙烯酯加入到2份烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、0.5份引发剂和100份去离子水中，搅拌均匀得混合液C；将20份乙酸乙烯酯加入到10份聚乙烯醇、2份烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、1份引发剂和60份去离子水中，升温至50℃并保持1h，然后向其中滴加混合液C，滴完继续反应1h，降至室温；加入20份聚乙烯醇溶液、15份滑石粉、2份三氧化二锑和6份十溴联苯醚，搅拌30min制得乳液；采用喷雾干燥机对乳液进行干燥，干燥后的粉末过160目筛，即得所述含阻燃剂的乳胶粉末涂料。
9.由权利要求1所述的环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖的制备方法制得的环保阻燃抑菌轻质墙砖。
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