CN106864448A - 控制包括双离合变速器的混合型电动车辆的装置及方法 - Google Patents

控制包括双离合变速器的混合型电动车辆的装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106864448A
CN106864448A CN201610320277.1A CN201610320277A CN106864448A CN 106864448 A CN106864448 A CN 106864448A CN 201610320277 A CN201610320277 A CN 201610320277A CN 106864448 A CN106864448 A CN 106864448A
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engine
clutch
gear
condition
met
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CN106864448B (zh
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田炳昱
南周铉
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种控制包括双离合变速器的混合型电动车辆的装置及方法。用于控制包括双离合变速器的混合型电动车辆的方法可包括以下步骤：确定在发动机停止的状态下，是否满足发动机的启动条件；当满足发动机的启动条件时，确定是否满足强制降档条件；当满足强制降档条件时，连接对应于目标档位的变速齿轮与对应于目标档位的输出轴；当满足发动机的启动条件时，确定是否满足发动机离合器的锁定条件；当满足发动机离合器的锁定条件时，锁定发动机离合器；当锁定发动机离合器时，锁定对应于目标档位的换档离合器。

Description

控制包括双离合变速器的混合型电动车辆的装置及方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2015年12月10日提交的韩国专利申请第10-2015-0176140号的优先权的权益，通过引用将其全部内容结合于本文中。
技术领域
本公开涉及用于控制混合型电动车辆的装置及方法。
背景技术
在本部分中的陈述仅提供涉及本公开的背景信息而不构成现有技术。
车辆的环保技术是很重要的，并且将来的汽车制造业的兴衰取决于该技术。车辆制造商正在致力于发展环保型车辆，以满足环境和燃料消耗的规定。
这种未来车辆技术的应用的一些示例是混合型电动车辆(HEV)以及双离合变速器(DCT)。
混合型电动车辆同时使用内燃机以及电池动力源。换言之，混合型电动车辆有效地结合并使用内燃机的扭矩与驱动电机的扭矩。由于混合型电动车辆使用发动机的机械能以及电池的电能两者，因此可使用发动机以及电机的理想工作区域，并且可回收制动时的能量，从而可提高燃料效率并且有效地利用能量。
混合型电动车辆提供了电动车辆(EV)的驱动模式，其中仅使用驱动电机的扭矩；混合型电动车辆(HEV)模式，其中使用发动机的扭矩作为主扭矩并且使用驱动电机的扭矩作为辅助扭矩；以及再生制动模式，其中，通过在车辆的制动期间或者车辆的减速期间驱动电机产生的电能回收制动和惯性能量，由惯性对电池充电。
DCT包括两个离合器以及应用到手动变速器的传动机构。DCT通过使用两个离合器选择性地传输从扭矩源(例如，发动机或驱动电机)输出到两个输入轴的扭矩，通过使用传动机构改变速度，并且输出改变的扭矩。
使用这种DCT以实现具有五个以上前进速度档的紧凑型变速。由于由控制器控制两个离合器和同步器，因此可能不需要手动换档动作以控制DCT。因此，DCT是自动手动变速器(AMT)的一种类型。
在自动变速器包括行星传动机构的情况下，通过操作摩擦元件(离合器和制动器)来实现换档。
与之相比，在DCT的情况下，在对应于目标档位的变速齿轮连接到对应于目标档位的输出轴之后，通过操作对应于目标档位的换档离合器来实现换档。因此，对应于下一个档位的变速齿轮被预先连接到对应于下一个档位的输出轴，从而确保换档响应性，这就是所谓的预选(或预啮合)。然而，已经发现，由于在执行预选时，DCT的旋转轴受到限制，因此电力输送性能和燃料效率由于阻力损失而劣化。换句话说，由于换档响应性和燃料效率处于此消彼长关系，因此很难实现这两者。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于控制混合型电动车辆的方法及装置，其具有以下优点：当满足发动机的启动条件与强制降档条件时，通过将对应于双离合变速器(DCT)的目标档位的变速齿轮连接至对应于目标档位的输出轴，同时发动机离合器的状态从释放状态改变成锁定状态，能够改善换档响应性以及提高燃料效率。
一种用于控制包括双离合变速器的混合型电动车辆的方法，可包括：确定在发动机停止的状态下，是否满足发动机的启动条件；当满足发动机的启动条件时，确定是否满足强制降档条件；当满足强制降档条件时，将对应于目标档位的变速齿轮连接至对应于目标档位的输出轴；当满足发动机的启动条件时，确定是否满足发动机离合器的锁定条件；当满足发动机离合器的锁定条件时，锁定发动机离合器；以及当锁定发动机离合器时，锁定对应于目标档位的换档离合器。
根据加速器踏板的位置值、混合型电动车辆的速度以及当前档位确定是否满足强制降档条件。
当发动机的转速与驱动电机的转速之间的差的绝对值小于预定的值时，可以满足发动机离合器的锁定条件。
该方法可进一步包括在发动机停止的状态下，不将对应于下一个档位的变速齿轮连接至对应于下一个档位的输出轴。
当满足强制降档条件时，执行将对应于目标档位的变速齿轮连接至对应于目标档位的输出轴，同时发动机离合器的状态从释放状态改变成锁定状态。
根据本公开的示例性形式的一种用于控制混合型电动车辆的装置，包括：发动机离合器，被布置在发动机和驱动电机之间；双离合变速器，包括两个换档离合器以及传动机构；数据检测器，检测用于控制混合型电动车辆的数据；以及控制器，基于数据控制发动机离合器和双离合变速器，其中，控制器可确定在发动机停止的状态下，是否满足发动机的启动条件，当满足发动机的启动条件时，控制器可确定是否满足强制降档条件；当满足强制降档条件时，控制器可将对应于目标档位的变速齿轮连接至对应于目标档位的输出轴；当满足发动机的启动条件时，控制器可确定是否满足发动机离合器的锁定条件；当满足发动机离合器的锁定条件时，控制器可锁定发动机离合器；以及当锁定发动机离合器时，控制器可锁定对应于目标档位的换档离合器。
控制器可基于加速器踏板的位置值、混合型电动车辆的速度以及当前档位确定是否满足强制降档条件。
当发动机的转速与驱动电机的转速之间的差的绝对值小于预定的值时，满足发动机离合器的锁定条件。
控制器在发动机停止的状态下可不将对应于下一个档位的变速齿轮连接至对应于下一个档位的输出轴。
控制器可将对应于目标档位的变速齿轮连接至对应于目标档位的输出轴，同时发动机离合器的状态从释放状态改变成锁定状态。
根据本公开的示例性形式，当满足发动机的启动条件和强制降档条件时，对应于目标档位的变速齿轮被连接到对应于目标档位的输出轴，同时发动机离合器的状态从释放状态改变成锁定状态，从而提高了响应性和燃料效率。
通过本文中提供的描述，其他应用领域将变得显而易见。但是应当理解的是，描述和具体示例仅用于说明的目的，并不旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本公开，现将通过示例的方式，参考附图描述本公开的各种实施方式，附图中：
图1是混合型电动车辆的示图；
图2是双离合变速器的传动机构(gear train)的框图；以及
图3是用于控制混合型电动车辆的方法的流程图。
<符号说明>
10：发动机
20：驱动电机
30：发动机离合器
40：双离合变速器
50：电池
60：HSG
70：差动齿轮设备
80：车轮
90：数据检测器
100：控制器
此处所描述的附图仅用于说明的目的，而不旨在以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅是示例性的，而并不旨在限制本公开内容、应用或者用途。应当理解，贯穿附图，相应的参考数字指代相同的或者相应的部分和特征。
此外，为了更好理解和易于说明，任意示出了附图中的各个配置，但本公开并不限于此。
图1是根据本公开的一个实施方式的混合型电动车辆的示图，以及图2是根据本公开的双离合变速器的传动机构的框图。
如图1所示，混合型电动车辆包括发动机10、驱动电机20、选择性地连接发动机10与驱动电机20的发动机离合器30、双离合变速器(DCT)40、电池50、混合型启动器&发电机(HSG)60、差动齿轮设备70、车轮80、数据检测器90以及控制器100。
发动机10燃烧燃料以产生扭矩，并且可使用诸如汽油发动机、柴油发动机以及液化石油气喷射(LPI)发动机等各种发动机作为发动机10。
对于混合型电动车辆的扭矩传输，由发动机10和/或驱动电机20产生的扭矩被传输到DCT 40的输入轴，并且从DCT 40的输出轴输出的扭矩经由差动齿轮设备70被传输到轮轴。轮轴使车轮80旋转，从而使得混合型电动车辆通过由发动机10和/或驱动电机20产生的扭矩行进。
混合型电动车辆提供电动车辆(EV)驱动模式，其中，仅使用驱动电机20的扭矩；混合型电动车辆(HEV)模式，其中，使用发动机10的扭矩作为主扭矩并且使用驱动电机20的扭矩作为辅助扭矩；以及再生制动模式，其中，通过在车辆制动期间或者车辆减速期间驱动电机20产生的电能来回收制动和惯性的能量，由此利用惯性对电池50充电。
在EV模式以及HEV模式下，电池50将电力提供给驱动电机20，并且在再生制动模式下，使用通过驱动电机20回收的电力对电池50进行充电。
HSG 60根据发动机的输出启动发动机10或产生电力。HSG可以指一体化的启动器&发电机(ISG)。
发动机离合器30被布置在发动机10和驱动电机20之间。发动机离合器30的输入轴被连接到发动机10，并且发动机离合器30的输出轴被连接到驱动电机20。
DCT 40包括两个换档离合器42a和42b以及传动机构44。如图2所示，传动机构44包括第一输入轴441a、第二输入轴441b、输入齿轮442a和442b、第一输出轴443a、第二输出轴443b、变速齿轮444a和444b、同步器445a和445b、第一输出齿轮446a以及第二输出齿轮446b。
第一换档离合器42a选择性地将发动机10和/或驱动电机20的扭矩传输到第一输入轴441a，并且第二换档离合器42b选择性地将发动机10和/或驱动电机20的扭矩传输到第二输入轴441b。输入齿轮442a被固定地布置在第一输入轴441a以实现奇数档位(gear stage)。输入齿轮442b被固定地布置在第二输入轴441b以实现偶数档位。变速齿轮444a可旋转地布置在第一输出轴443a上，并且变速齿轮444b可旋转地布置在第二输出轴443b上。同步器445a选择性地将变速齿轮444a连接到第一输出轴443a，并且同步器445b选择性地将变速齿轮444b连接到第二输出轴443b。第一输出齿轮446a被固定地布置在第一输出轴443a，并且将第一输出轴443a的扭矩传输到差动齿轮设备70。第二输出齿轮446b被固定地布置在第二输出轴443b，并且将第二输出轴443b的扭矩被传输到差动齿轮设备70。由于DCT 40的结构在本领域中是公知的，因此将在本说明书中省略对其的详细描述。本公开内容适用于任何双离合变速器。
数据检测器90检测用于控制混合型电动车辆的数据，并且由数据检测器90所检测的数据被传输到控制器100。
数据检测器90可包括加速器踏板位置检测器91、发动机转速检测器92、电机转速检测器93、车辆速度检测器94以及档位检测器95。数据检测器90可进一步包括其它检测器(例如，制动踏板位置检测器等)。
加速器踏板位置检测器91检测加速器踏板的位置值(推动加速器踏板的程度)，并且将对应于该位置值的信号传输给控制器100。当加速器踏板被完全推动时，加速器踏板的位置值是100％，并且当加速器踏板没有被推动时，该加速器踏板的位置值是0％。
发动机转速检测器92检测发动机10的转速，并且将与其对应的信号传输到控制器100。
电机转速检测器93检测驱动电机20的转速，并且将与其对应的信号传输到控制器100。
车辆速度检测器94检测混合型电动车辆的速度，并且将与其对应的信号传输到控制器100。
档位检测器95检测当前啮合的档位，并且将与其对应的信号传输到控制器100。例如，可啮合的档位可以是七种变速中的第一、第二、第三、第四、第五、第六以及第七档位，以及倒档。
控制器100基于混合型电动车辆的驱动条件控制EV模式与HEV模式之间的切换。此外，控制器100基于由数据检测器90所检测的数据控制发动机10、驱动电机20、DCT 40以及HSG 60。此外，控制器100确定目标档位，并控制从当前档位到目标档位的转换。控制器100可通过预定的程序执行的一个或多个处理来实现。预定程序可以包括一系列命令，该命令用于执行包括在根据下面将要描述本发明的一个实施方式的用于控制混合电动车辆的方法中的每个步骤。
在下文中，将参考图3来详细描述用于控制混合型电动车辆的方法。
图3是根据本公开的一个实施方式的用于控制混合型电动车辆的方法的流程图。
如图3所示，当在步骤S100中，该混合型电动车辆以EV模式行进时，执行用于控制混合型电动车辆的方法。换句话说，发动机10处于停止状态并且发动机离合器处于释放状态。
在下文中，第二档位将被例示为当前的档位，并且第二换档离合器42b、第二输入轴441b、第二输出轴443b以及变速齿轮444b将分别被例示为换档离合器、输入轴、输出轴以及对应于当前档位的变速齿轮。
在EV模式下，对应于当前档位的第二换档离合器42b处于锁定状态(其中第二换档离合器42b被完全啮合的状态)。在EV模式下，控制器100不将对应于下一个档位(第一档位或者第三档位)的变速齿轮444a连接到对应于下一个档位的第一输出轴443a。换句话说，在EV模式下禁止预选(预啮合)，从而减小了DCT 40的阻力损失，提高了混合型电动车辆的燃料效率。
在步骤110中，控制器100确定在发动机10停止的状态下是否满足发动机的启动条件。发动机的启动条件可以包括需要从EV模式切换到HEV模式的条件。可以通过考虑加速器踏板的位置值与混合型电动车辆的速度设置发动机的启动条件。例如，控制器100可基于加速器踏板的位置值与混合型电动车辆的速度计算驱动器所需的扭矩，并且当驱动器所需的扭矩大于或等于预定的扭矩时可满足发动机的启动条件。
当在步骤S110中不满足发动机的启动条件时，控制器100可返回到步骤S100。换句话说，发动机10保持停止状态。
当在步骤S110中满足发动机的启动条件时，在步骤S120中，控制器100启动发动机10。在这种情况下，控制器100可通过驱动HSG 60执行发动机的启动操作，使得发动机10的转速增加。在这之后，控制器100通过使用燃烧的燃料产生发动机10的扭矩。
当满足发动机的启动条件时，在步骤S130中，控制器100确定是否满足强制降档(kick-down)条件。换句话说，控制器100确定是否需要从当前档位降档目标档位。控制器100可通过基于加速器踏板的位置值、混合型电动车辆的速度以及当前档位，使用换档模式图确定是否满足强制降档条件。例如，当由驾驶员快速推动加速器踏板时，可执行降档以满足驱动器所需要的扭矩。
当在步骤130中不满足强制降档条件时，控制器100结束用于控制混合型电动车辆的方法。换言之，不执行强制降档。
当在步骤130中满足强制降档条件时，在步骤S140中，控制器100将对应于目标档位的变速齿轮444a连接到对应于目标档位的第一输出轴443a，并且保持从而锁定对应于目标档位的第一换档离合器42a。换句话说，当发动机离合器30的状态从释放状态改变成锁定状态时，控制器100可以执行预选。
当满足发动机的启动条件时，在步骤150中，控制器100确定是否满足发动机离合器30的锁定条件。当发动机10的转速和驱动电机20的转速之间的差的绝对值小于一个预定值时，满足发动机离合器30的锁定条件。当满足下面的等式1时，可满足发动机离合器30的锁定条件。
[等式1]
|WEngine-WMotor|<W1
这里，WEngine是发动机10的转速，WMotor是驱动电机20的转速，并且W1是预定值。换句话说，当发动机10的转速与驱动电机20的转速同步时，满足发动机离合器30的锁定条件。可通过考虑发动机离合器30的热容量设置预定的值。
步骤S130至S150可以同时进行，或者可以不考虑顺序分开进行。
当在步骤S150中，不满足发动机离合器30的锁定条件时，控制器100可返回到步骤S140。换句话说，控制器100持续保持锁定对应于目标档位的第一换档离合器42a。
当在步骤S150中，满足发动机离合器30的锁定条件时，则在步骤S160中，控制器100锁定发动机离合器30。当发动机离合器30被锁定时，发动机10的扭矩可被传输到DCT 40。
当发动机离合器30被锁定时，则在步骤S170中，控制器100锁定对应于目标档位的第一换档离合器42a。当对应于目标档位的第一换档离合器42a被锁定时，实现到目标档位的转换。在此之后，控制器100可控制发动机10和/或驱动电机20，以满足驱动器所需要的扭矩。
如上所述，根据本公开的一个实施方式，当满足发动机的启动条件以及强制降档条件时，对应于目标档位的变速齿轮被连接到对应于目标档位的输出轴，同时发动机离合器30的状态从释放状态改变到锁定状态，从而提高了响应性和燃料效率。
尽管已经结合目前被视为实际的示例性的形式对本公开进行了描述，然而，应当理解的是，本公开并不局限于所披露的形式，相反地，而是旨在覆盖包含在本公开的精神和范围内的各种修改和等同布置。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于控制包括双离合变速器的混合型电动车辆的方法，包括以下步骤：
确定在发动机停止的状态下，是否满足发动机启动条件；
当满足所述发动机启动条件时，确定是否满足强制降档条件；
当满足所述强制降档条件时，将对应于目标档位的变速齿轮与对应于所述目标档位的输出轴连接；
当满足所述发动机启动条件时，确定是否满足发动机离合器的锁定条件；
当满足所述发动机离合器的所述锁定条件时，锁定所述发动机离合器；以及
当锁定所述发动机离合器时，锁定对应于所述目标档位的换档离合器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，基于加速器踏板的位置值、所述混合型电动车辆的速度以及当前档位确定是否满足所述强制降档条件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，当所述发动机的转速与驱动电机的转速之间的差的绝对值小于预定的值时，满足所述发动机离合器的锁定条件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括：在所述发动机停止的状态下，不将对应于下一个档位的变速齿轮连接至对应于所述下一个档位的输出轴。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，当满足所述强制降档条件时，执行将对应于所述目标档位的变速齿轮与对应于所述目标档位的输出轴的连接，
同时所述发动机离合器的状态从释放状态改变成锁定状态。
6.一种用于控制混合型电动车辆的装置，包括：
发动机离合器，所述发动机离合器被布置在发动机和驱动电机之间；
双离合变速器，所述双离合变速器包括两个换档离合器以及传动机构；
数据检测器，所述数据检测器被配置为检测用于控制所述混合型电动车辆的数据；以及
控制器，所述控制器被配置为基于所述数据控制所述发动机离合器和所述双离合变速器，
其中，所述控制器在所述发动机停止的状态下，确定是否满足发动机启动条件，
当满足所述发动机启动条件时，确定是否满足强制降档条件；
当满足所述强制降档条件时，将对应于目标档位的变速齿轮与对应于所述目标档位的输出轴连接；
当满足所述发动机启动条件时，确定是否满足所述发动机离合器的锁定条件；
当满足所述发动机离合器的锁定条件时，锁定所述发动机离合器；
当锁定所述发动机离合器时，锁定对应于所述目标档位的换档离合器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其中，所述控制器基于加速器踏板的位置值、所述混合型电动车辆的速度以及当前档位确定是否满足所述强制降档条件。
8.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其中，当所述发动机的转速与所述驱动电机的转速之间的差的绝对值小于预定的值时，满足所述发动机离合器的锁定条件。
9.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其中，在所述发动机停止的状态下，所述控制器不将对应于下一个档位的变速齿轮与对应于所述下一个档位的输出轴连接。
10.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其中，所述控制器将对应于所述目标档位的变速齿轮与对应于所述目标档位的输出轴连接，同时所述发动机离合器的状态从释放状态改变成锁定状态。
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