CN106862716B - A method of based on welding arc acoustics signal detection and assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability - Google Patents
A method of based on welding arc acoustics signal detection and assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability Download PDFInfo
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- CN106862716B CN106862716B CN201710095569.4A CN201710095569A CN106862716B CN 106862716 B CN106862716 B CN 106862716B CN 201710095569 A CN201710095569 A CN 201710095569A CN 106862716 B CN106862716 B CN 106862716B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
- B23K9/0956—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters using sensing means, e.g. optical
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method based on welding arc acoustics signal detection and assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability.This method by arc excitation in real-time detection electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process acoustic signals waveform, it extracts all peak values higher than amplitude threshold in acoustic signals and obtains peak value scatter diagram, and calculate peak value standard deviation, it is drawn to obtain welding arc acoustics oscillating curve according to peak value scatter diagram, electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is assessed with peak value standard deviation and peak value scatter diagram, welding arc acoustics oscillating curve.It can be realized detection and assessment to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability using the present invention, while can be also suitably used for the detection and assessment of other electric arc increasing material manufacturing process stabilities such as metal material arc surfacing, electric arc deposited and electric arc near-net-shape.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of detection and assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, are suitable for inspection
It surveys and assesses metal material electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability application, while can be also suitably used for metal material
The detection and assessment of other electric arc increasing material manufacturing process stabilities such as arc surfacing, electric arc deposited and electric arc near-net-shape.
Background technique
Metal parts and metal parts are directly manufactured, is that manufacturing industry proposes metal material three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing technology
Ultimate aim out.Early in the initial stage of three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing technology the 1990s development, researcher has just tasted
Try the preparation that metallic article is realized based on various fast prototype making process.With stereo-lithography (Stereolithography,
SLA), layered manufacturing (Laminated object manufacturing, LOM), fused glass pellet (Fused
Deposition modeling, FDM) etc. RP techniques compare, Selective Laser Sintering (Selected
Lasersintering, SLS) the characteristics of dusty material is used due to it, for prepare metallic article provide it is a kind of most direct
It may.With gradually application of the high power laser in rapid prototyping technology, it is molten that SLS technology develops into precinct laser therewith
Change forming technique (Selective laser melting, SLM).The technology is coated in advance using the laser beam irradiation of high-energy
Good metal powder material, it is directly melted and solidified forming obtains metallic article.While the development of SLM technology, it is based on
Laser overlaying welding and laser melting and coating technique, gradually formed metal forming Study on manufacturing technology another important branch --- laser is fast
Fast forming technique (Laser rapid forming, LRF) or laser solid forming technology (Laser solid forming,
LSF).The metal powder for coaxially spraying with light beam or laterally spraying directly is molten into liquid using high energy laser beam by the technology
Liquid metal after fusing is accumulated solidification forming according to scheduled track, is obtained from size and shape by state by motion control
On be in close proximity to " nearly shape " product of final part, and after subsequent small surplus processing and necessary post-processing acquisition
Final metallic article.
The two main research hotspots of SLM technology and LRF technology as metal Fast Forming Technique are led current
The development of metal Fast Forming Technique.The Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing of metal material is carried out using the high energy beams heat source such as laser,
The device is complicated, expensive, and forming technology is complicated, and the consistency of formation of parts microstructure is not high.Electric arc Quick-forming
Manufacturing technology is risen under this background, uses welding arc as heat source, using welding equipment and process
The part being made of full weld metal, therefore also known as electric arc Fast Forming Technique is made.In electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming
In manufacturing process, the electric arc arcing and droplet transfer stability change that arc energy acts on manufacturing district and generates are to influence manufacture
An important factor for quality.Therefore, using special instrument or method detection and assessment in electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process
Manufacturing stability has very important realistic meaning for the control of manufacturing process and the assessment of manufacturing quality.In electric arc three-dimensional
During Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing, the interaction effect that electric arc heat source, molten drop and molten bath are formed can release energy in different forms,
The sound wave discharged in the form of air load is one such.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to metal material electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, provides a kind of based on welding arc acoustics
The detection and appraisal procedure of signal, using the audible sound energy of arc excitation as information source, real-time detection electric arc is produced
Raw acoustic signals, extract the feature distribution of signal, realize detection to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability and
Assessment.
The present invention takes following technical scheme:
A method of based on welding arc acoustics signal detection and assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, institute
The continuous audible sound release characteristic that method utilizes real-time detection electric arc impact to generate is stated, is realized to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming system
Make the assessment of process stability, the step of the method is as follows:
(1) installation sonic sensor is in electric arc upper side；
(2) arc generator power supply is opened, the three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture to target object is started；
(3) acquisition exports the molten bath of arc energy bump substrate or fabrication region and the sound wave of generation is excited to believe in real time
Number, and draw out the dynamic waveform figure of signal；
(4) three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture terminates, and shuts down arc energy output, and stop acoustic signals on-line checking；
(5) by the threshold value of acoustic signals dynamic waveform amplitude characteristic setting acoustic signals amplitude；
(7) all peak values higher than amplitude threshold in acoustic signals are extracted and obtain peak value scatter diagram, and calculate appearance
It is worth standard deviation；
(8) it is drawn to obtain welding arc acoustics oscillating curve according to peak value scatter diagram；
(9) three-dimensional fast rapid-result according to peak value standard deviation and peak value scatter diagram, welding arc acoustics oscillating curve assessment electric arc
Shape makes process stability.
Judge the foundation of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability are as follows: (1) peak value scatterplot distribution more collection neutralizes equal
Even, electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better；(2) welding arc acoustics oscillating curve is more smooth, and electric arc is three-dimensional quickly
Figuration manufacture process stability is better；(3) peak value standard deviation is smaller, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better.
In three judgment basis, (1), (2) are qualitative criteria, and (3) are quantitative criteria.
The threshold value of the acoustic signals amplitude need to be not less than the 1/3 of welding arc acoustics signal averaging amplitude
Innovation of the invention is the detection using the acoustic signals generated to electric arc impact, realizes three-dimensional to electric arc quick
The detection and assessment of figuration manufacture process stability, have the advantage that compared with prior art
(1) detection is simple with appraisal procedure, and strong operability is widely applicable；
(2) system design is cheap with manufacturing cost；
(3) assessment result is intuitive, and meets the actual condition of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture；
(4) detection efficiency height is, it can be achieved that rapid evaluation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process Detection of Stability system composition schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the welding arc acoustics signal waveform that embodiment 1 detects.
Fig. 3 corresponds to the welding arc acoustics signal peak scatter diagram of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the welding arc acoustics signal waveform that embodiment 2 detects.
Fig. 5 corresponds to the welding arc acoustics signal peak scatter diagram of embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 is the welding arc acoustics signal waveform that embodiment 3 detects.
Fig. 7 corresponds to the welding arc acoustics signal peak scatter diagram of embodiment 3.
Fig. 8 corresponds to the welding arc acoustics oscillating curve of embodiment 1,2,3.
In figure, 1 arc generator, 2 electric arcs, 3 substrates, 4 sonic sensors, 5 preamplifiers, 6 signal conditioners, 7 numbers
According to capture card, 8 computers.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.
Referring to Fig. 1, the electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture Detection of Stability system of use includes arc generator 1, sound wave
Sensor 4, preamplifier 5, signal conditioner 6, data collecting card 7 and computer 8 etc..Substrate 3 uses and manufacturing object phase
Same material preparation, the acoustic signals of 2 shock-excitation of electric arc as information source, install on the substrate 3, be used for by sonic sensor 4
The acoustic signals that detection excitation generates pass to preamplifier 5, and signal is amplified to be handled using signal conditioner 6, then
By being sent to computer 8 after data collecting card 7, the software loaded by computer 8 carries out signal the processing such as to calculate, and is detected
As a result.
Embodiment 1:
For the substrate used for 6061 aluminium alloy plates of thickness 4mm, metal wire material selects the AlSi system aluminium that diameter is 1.2mm to close
Gold solder silk.Setting arc current output is 156A, and arc voltage output is 18.6V, moving speed of table 10mm/s.It uses
Protective gas be 99.999% high-purity argon gas, and shield gas flow rate be 20L/min.Aluminium alloy welding wire used is connecing power supply just
Pole, substrate connect power cathode.Installation base plate, and confidence level is fixed, and is adjusted MIG welding gun direction, is kept it vertical with base plan.
Sonic sensor is installed in electric arc upper side, opens arc generator power supply, starts according to the program woven to target object
Three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture.The acoustic signals of real-time acquisition output arc energy excitation generation terminate up to manufacture, draw out
The dynamic waveform of signal is as shown in Figure 2.Arc energy output is shut down, and stops acoustic signals on-line checking.Set acoustic signals
Amplitude threshold is 4.0, extracts all peak values higher than amplitude threshold 4.0 in acoustic signals and obtains the distribution of peak value scatterplot such as Fig. 3 institute
Show, and calculates peak value standard deviation sigma=0.918.It is drawn to obtain welding arc acoustics oscillating curve such as Fig. 8 according to peak value scatter diagram
It is shown.
The distribution of peak value scatterplot more dissipates under the technique it can be seen from Fig. 3 and Fig. 8, and welding arc acoustics oscillating curve is smooth
Property is poor, and peak value standard deviation is larger, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is poor.
Embodiment 2:
For the substrate used for 6061 aluminium alloy plates of thickness 4mm, metal wire material selects the AlSi system aluminium that diameter is 1.2mm to close
Gold solder silk.Setting arc current output is 142A, and arc voltage output is 17.8V, moving speed of table 10mm/s.It uses
Protective gas be 99.999% high-purity argon gas, and shield gas flow rate be 20L/min.Aluminium alloy welding wire used is connecing power supply just
Pole, substrate connect power cathode.Installation base plate, and confidence level is fixed, and is adjusted MIG welding gun direction, is kept it vertical with base plan.
Sonic sensor is installed in electric arc upper side, opens arc generator power supply, starts according to the program woven to target object
Three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture.The acoustic signals of real-time acquisition output arc energy excitation generation terminate up to manufacture, draw out
The dynamic waveform of signal is as shown in Figure 4.Arc energy output is shut down, and stops acoustic signals on-line checking.Set acoustic signals
Amplitude threshold is 4.0, extracts all peak values higher than amplitude threshold 4.0 in acoustic signals and obtains the distribution of peak value scatterplot such as Fig. 5 institute
Show, and calculates peak value standard deviation sigma=0.969.It is drawn to obtain welding arc acoustics oscillating curve such as Fig. 8 according to peak value scatter diagram
It is shown.
The distribution of peak value scatterplot more dissipates under the technique it can be seen from Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, and electric arc impact oscillating curve is smooth
Property is poor, and peak value standard deviation is larger, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is poor.
Embodiment 3:
For the substrate used for 6061 aluminium alloy plates of thickness 4mm, metal wire material selects the AlSi system aluminium that diameter is 1.2mm to close
Gold solder silk.Setting arc current output is 136A, and arc voltage output is 21.4V, pulse frequency 100Hz, and background current is
20A, moving speed of table 10mm/s.The protective gas used is 99.999% high-purity argon gas, and shield gas flow rate is
20L/min.Aluminium alloy welding wire used connects positive pole, and substrate connects power cathode.Installation base plate, and confidence level is fixed, and is adjusted
Whole MIG welding gun direction, keeps it vertical with base plan.Sonic sensor is installed in electric arc upper side, opens arc generator electricity
Source starts the three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture to target object according to the program woven.The arc energy excitation of acquisition output in real time
For the acoustic signals of generation until manufacture terminates, the dynamic waveform for drawing out signal is as shown in Figure 6.Arc energy output is shut down, and
Stop acoustic signals on-line checking.Acoustic signals amplitude threshold is set as 0.8, extracts and all in acoustic signals is higher than amplitude threshold
0.8 peak value obtains the distribution of peak value scatterplot as shown in fig. 7, and calculating peak value standard deviation sigma=0.170.It is distributed according to peak value scatterplot
It is as shown in Figure 8 that figure drafting obtains welding arc acoustics oscillating curve.
The distribution of peak value scatterplot is concentrated very much under the technique it can be seen from Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, and electric arc impact oscillating curve is smooth,
Peak value standard deviation is minimum, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is best.
Compare above-described embodiment the result shows that, 3 manufacturing process stability of embodiment is best, and 2 manufacturing process of embodiment is steady
It is qualitative similar to 3 manufacturing process stability of embodiment, it is poor, but remain to distinguish embodiment using the method for the invention
2 and difference of the embodiment 3 in terms of stability.Therefore, it more can accurately and quickly be realized pair using the method for the invention
The detection and assessment of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method based on welding arc acoustics signal detection and assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, described
The continuous sound wave release characteristic that method utilizes real-time detection electric arc impact to generate is realized to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process
The step of assessment of stability, the method, is as follows:
(1) installation sonic sensor is in electric arc upper side；
(2) arc generator power supply is opened, the three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture to target object is started；
(3) acoustic signals for acquiring the molten bath for exporting arc energy bump substrate or fabrication region in real time and exciting generation,
And draw out the dynamic waveform figure of signal；
(4) three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture terminates, and shuts down arc energy output, and stop acoustic signals on-line checking；
(5) by the threshold value of acoustic signals dynamic waveform amplitude characteristic setting acoustic signals amplitude；
(7) all peak values higher than amplitude threshold in acoustic signals are extracted and obtain peak value scatter diagram, and calculate peak value mark
It is quasi- poor；
(8) it is drawn to obtain welding arc acoustics oscillating curve according to peak value scatter diagram；
(9) electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming system is assessed according to peak value standard deviation and peak value scatter diagram, welding arc acoustics oscillating curve
Make process stability；
Judge the foundation of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability are as follows: A peak value scatterplot distribution more collection neutralizes uniformly, electric arc
Three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better；B welding arc acoustics oscillating curve is more smooth, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufactured
Journey stability is better；C peak value standard deviation is smaller, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better；Three judgment basis
In, A, B are qualitative criteria, and C is quantitative criteria.
2. according to claim 1 based on welding arc acoustics signal detection and assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process
The method of stability, which is characterized in that the threshold value of the acoustic signals amplitude need to be not less than welding arc acoustics signal averaging amplitude
1/3。
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| CN107081533B (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-02-01 | 山东大学 | The online quantitative evaluation method of welding process stability |
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| JP6964539B2 (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2021-11-10 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Laminated model and manufacturing method of laminated model |
| CN108971716B (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2021-01-19 | 南京理工大学 | Method for acquiring CMT + P molten pool image with high signal-to-noise ratio |
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