CN106862716A - A kind of method based on welding arc acoustics signal detection with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability - Google Patents
A kind of method based on welding arc acoustics signal detection with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability Download PDFInfo
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- CN106862716A CN106862716A CN201710095569.4A CN201710095569A CN106862716A CN 106862716 A CN106862716 A CN 106862716A CN 201710095569 A CN201710095569 A CN 201710095569A CN 106862716 A CN106862716 A CN 106862716A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
- B23K9/0956—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters using sensing means, e.g. optical
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method based on welding arc acoustics signal detection with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability.The method by arc excitation in real-time detection electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process acoustic signals waveform, all peak values higher than amplitude threshold obtain peak value scatter diagram in extracting acoustic signals, and calculate peak value standard deviation, drawn according to peak value scatter diagram and obtain welding arc acoustics oscillating curve, with peak value standard deviation and peak value scatter diagram, welding arc acoustics oscillating curve assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability.The detection and assessment to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability can be realized using the present invention, while can be also suitably used for the detection and assessment of other electric arc increasing material manufacturing process stabilities such as metal material arc surfacing, electric arc deposited and electric arc near-net-shape.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method detected with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, it is adaptable to examine
Survey and assess metal material electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability application scenario, while can be also suitably used for metal material
The detection of other electric arc increasing material manufacturing process stabilities such as arc surfacing, electric arc deposited and electric arc near-net-shape and assessment.
Background technology
Metal parts and metal parts are directly manufactured, is that manufacturing industry is carried to metal material three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing technology
The ultimate aim for going out.Early in the initial stage of the three-dimensional rapid forming Manufacturing Technology Development nineties in 20th century, researcher has just tasted
The preparation of metallic article is realized in examination based on various fast prototype making process.With stereo-lithography（Stereolithography,
SLA）, layered manufacturing（Laminated object manufacturing, LOM）, fused glass pellet（Fused
deposition modeling, FDM）Compared Deng RP technique, Selective Laser Sintering（Selected
lasersintering, SLS）The characteristics of dusty material is used due to it, for prepare metallic article provide it is a kind of most direct
May.With progressively application of the high power laser in RP technique, SLS technologies develop into precinct laser and melt therewith
Change forming technique（Selective laser melting, SLM）.The technology is coated with advance using the laser beam irradiation of high-energy
Good metal powder material, it is directly melted and solidified forming obtains metallic article.While SLM technologies develop, it is based on
Laser overlaying welding and laser melting and coating technique, gradually formed metal forming Study on manufacturing technology another important branch --- laser is fast
Fast forming technique（Laser rapid forming, LRF）Or laser solid forming technology（Laser solid forming,
LSF）.The metal dust for coaxially being sprayed with light beam or laterally spray directly is molten into liquid by the technology using high energy laser beam
State, by motion control, solidification forming is piled up by the liquid metal after fusing according to predetermined track, is obtained from size and dimension
On be in close proximity to " nearly shape " product of final part, and by after follow-up small surplus processing and necessary post processing is obtained
Final metallic article.
SLM technologies and LRF technologies lead current as two main study hotspots of metal Fast Forming Technique
The development of metal Fast Forming Technique.The Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing of metal material is carried out using the high energy beam such as laser thermal source, its
Equipment is complicated, expensive, and forming technology is complicated, and the consistency of formation of parts microstructure is not high.Electric arc Quick-forming
Manufacturing technology is risen under this background, using welding arc as thermal source, using welding equipment and process
The part being made up of full weld metal is made, therefore is also called electric arc Fast Forming Technique.In electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming
In manufacturing process, the electric arc arcing and droplet transfer stability change that arc energy acts on manufacturing district and produces are influence manufactures
The key factor of quality.Therefore, using instrumentation or method detection and assessment in electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process
Manufacture stability has very important realistic meaning for the control of manufacturing process and the assessment of workmanship.It is three-dimensional in electric arc
During Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing, the interaction effect that electric arc thermal source, molten drop and molten bath are formed can release energy in different forms,
It is one kind therein with the sound wave that air load form discharges.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to metal material electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, there is provided one kind is based on welding arc acoustics
The detection of signal and appraisal procedure,, by the use of the audible sound energy of arc excitation as information source, real-time detection electric arc is produced for it
Raw acoustic signals, extract the feature distribution of signal, realize to the detection of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability and
Assessment.
The present invention takes following technical scheme：
A kind of method based on welding arc acoustics signal detection with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, the side
The continuous audible sound release characteristic that method is produced using real-time detection electric arc impact, realization was manufactured to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming
The step of assessment of journey stability, methods described, is as follows：
（1）Sonic sensor is installed in electric arc side top；
（2）Arc generator power supply is opened, starts the three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture to destination object；
（3）Real-time Collection exports the molten bath of arc energy bump substrate or fabrication region and excites the acoustic signals of generation,
And draw out the dynamic waveform figure of signal；
（4）Three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture terminates, and closes down arc energy output, and stop acoustic signals on-line checking；
（5）The threshold value of acoustic signals amplitude is set by acoustic signals dynamic waveform amplitude characteristic；
（7）All peak values higher than amplitude threshold obtain peak value scatter diagram in extracting acoustic signals, and calculate peak value mark
It is accurate poor；
（8）Drawn according to peak value scatter diagram and obtain welding arc acoustics oscillating curve；
（9）According to peak value standard deviation and peak value scatter diagram, welding arc acoustics oscillating curve assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming system
Make process stability.
The foundation for judging electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is：（1）Peak value scatterplot distribution more collection neutralizes equal
Even, electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better；（2）Welding arc acoustics oscillating curve is more smooth, and electric arc is three-dimensional quick
Figuration manufacture process stability is better；（3）Peak value standard deviation is smaller, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better.
In three bases for estimation,（1）、（2）It is qualitative criteria,（3）It is quantitative criteria.
The threshold value of the acoustic signals amplitude need to be not less than the 1/3 of welding arc acoustics signal averaging amplitude
Innovation of the invention is the detection using the acoustic signals produced to electric arc impact, is realized to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming
The detection of manufacturing process stability and assessment, compared with prior art with advantages below：
（1）Detection is simple with appraisal procedure, workable, widely applicable；
（2）System design with it is cheap for manufacturing cost；
（3）Assessment result is directly perceived, and meets the actual condition of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture；
（4）Detection efficiency is high, is capable of achieving rapid evaluation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process Detection of Stability system composition schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the welding arc acoustics signal waveform that embodiment 1 is detected.
Fig. 3 corresponds to the welding arc acoustics signal peak scatter diagram of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the welding arc acoustics signal waveform that embodiment 2 is detected.
Fig. 5 corresponds to the welding arc acoustics signal peak scatter diagram of embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 is the welding arc acoustics signal waveform that embodiment 3 is detected.
Fig. 7 corresponds to the welding arc acoustics signal peak scatter diagram of embodiment 3.
Fig. 8 corresponds to the welding arc acoustics oscillating curve of embodiment 1,2,3.
In figure, 1 arc generator, 2 electric arcs, 3 substrates, 4 sonic sensors, 5 preamplifiers, 6 signal conditioners, 7 numbers
According to capture card, 8 computers.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Referring to Fig. 1, the electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture Detection of Stability system of use includes arc generator 1, sound wave
Sensor 4, preamplifier 5, signal conditioner 6, data collecting card 7 and computer 8 etc..Substrate 3 is used and manufacturing object phase
Prepared by same material, the acoustic signals of the shock-excitation of electric arc 2 used as information source, install on the substrate 3, be used for by sonic sensor 4
Detection excites the acoustic signals of generation, passes to preamplifier 5, and signal is amplified to be processed by signal conditioner 6 again, then
By being sent to computer 8 after data collecting card 7, the software loaded by computer 8 carries out the treatment such as calculating to signal, is detected
As a result.
Embodiment 1：
The substrate for using is 6061 aluminium alloy plates of thickness 4mm, and metal wire material is welded from the AlSi line aluminium alloys of a diameter of 1.2mm
Silk.Setting arc current is output as 156A, and arc voltage is output as 18.6V, and moving speed of table is 10mm/s.The guarantor for using
Shield gas is 99.999% high-purity argon gas, and shield gas flow rate is 20L/min.Aluminium alloy welding wire used connects positive source, base
Plate connects power cathode.Installation base plate, and confidence level fixes, adjustment MIG welding guns direction, makes it vertical with base plan.Install
Sonic sensor opens arc generator power supply in electric arc side top, and three to destination object are started according to the program for weaving
Dimension Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing.Real-time Collection output arc energy excites the acoustic signals of generation to terminate until manufacturing, and draws out signal
Dynamic waveform it is as shown in Figure 2.Arc energy output is closed down, and stops acoustic signals on-line checking.Setting acoustic signals amplitude
Threshold value is 4.0, and all peak values higher than amplitude threshold 4.0 obtain the distribution of peak value scatterplot as shown in figure 3, simultaneously in extracting acoustic signals
Calculate peak value standard deviation sigma=0.918.Welding arc acoustics oscillating curve is obtained according to the drafting of peak value scatter diagram as shown in Figure 8.
The distribution of peak value scatterplot is more dissipated under can be seen that the technique by Fig. 3 and Fig. 8, and welding arc acoustics oscillating curve is smoothed
Property is poor, and peak value standard deviation is larger, electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process less stable.
Embodiment 2：
The substrate for using is 6061 aluminium alloy plates of thickness 4mm, and metal wire material is welded from the AlSi line aluminium alloys of a diameter of 1.2mm
Silk.Setting arc current is output as 142A, and arc voltage is output as 17.8V, and moving speed of table is 10mm/s.The guarantor for using
Shield gas is 99.999% high-purity argon gas, and shield gas flow rate is 20L/min.Aluminium alloy welding wire used connects positive source, base
Plate connects power cathode.Installation base plate, and confidence level fixes, adjustment MIG welding guns direction, makes it vertical with base plan.Install
Sonic sensor opens arc generator power supply in electric arc side top, and three to destination object are started according to the program for weaving
Dimension Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing.Real-time Collection output arc energy excites the acoustic signals of generation to terminate until manufacturing, and draws out signal
Dynamic waveform it is as shown in Figure 4.Arc energy output is closed down, and stops acoustic signals on-line checking.Setting acoustic signals amplitude
Threshold value is 4.0, and all peak values higher than amplitude threshold 4.0 obtain the distribution of peak value scatterplot as shown in figure 5, simultaneously in extracting acoustic signals
Calculate peak value standard deviation sigma=0.969.Welding arc acoustics oscillating curve is obtained according to the drafting of peak value scatter diagram as shown in Figure 8.
The distribution of peak value scatterplot is more dissipated under can be seen that the technique by Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, and electric arc impact oscillating curve is smoothed
Property is poor, and peak value standard deviation is larger, electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process less stable.
Embodiment 3：
The substrate for using is 6061 aluminium alloy plates of thickness 4mm, and metal wire material is welded from the AlSi line aluminium alloys of a diameter of 1.2mm
Silk.Setting arc current is output as 136A, and arc voltage is output as 21.4V, and pulse frequency is 100Hz, and background current is 20A,
Moving speed of table is 10mm/s.The protective gas for using is 99.999% high-purity argon gas, and shield gas flow rate is 20L/
min.Aluminium alloy welding wire used connects positive source, and substrate connects power cathode.Installation base plate, and confidence level fixes, and adjusts MIG
Welding gun direction, makes it vertical with base plan.Sonic sensor is installed in electric arc side top, arc generator power supply is opened, is pressed
Start the three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture to destination object according to the program for weaving.Real-time Collection output arc energy excites generation
Acoustic signals terminate until manufacturing, and the dynamic waveform for drawing out signal is as shown in Figure 6.Close down arc energy output, and stopping sound
Ripple signal on-line checking.It is 0.8 to set acoustic signals amplitude threshold, extracts all higher than amplitude threshold 0.8 in acoustic signals
Peak value obtains the distribution of peak value scatterplot as shown in fig. 7, and calculating peak value standard deviation sigma=0.170.Painted according to peak value scatter diagram
Welding arc acoustics oscillating curve is obtained as shown in Figure 8.
The distribution of peak value scatterplot is concentrated very much under can be seen that the technique by Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, and electric arc impact oscillating curve is smoothed,
Peak value standard deviation is minimum, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is best.
The result for comparing above-described embodiment shows that preferably, the manufacturing process of embodiment 2 is steady for the manufacturing process stability of embodiment 3
It is qualitative similar to the manufacturing process stability of embodiment 3, it is poor, but remain to distinguish embodiment using the method for the invention
2 and difference of the embodiment 3 in terms of stability.Therefore, it is right more can accurately and quickly to be realized using the method for the invention
The detection of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability and assessment.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method based on welding arc acoustics signal detection with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, described
The continuous sound wave release characteristic that method is produced using real-time detection electric arc impact, realizes to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process
The step of assessment of stability, methods described, is as follows：
（1）Sonic sensor is installed in electric arc side top；
（2）Arc generator power supply is opened, starts the three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture to destination object；
（3）Real-time Collection exports the molten bath of arc energy bump substrate or fabrication region and excites the acoustic signals of generation,
And draw out the dynamic waveform figure of signal；
（4）Three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture terminates, and closes down arc energy output, and stop acoustic signals on-line checking；
（5）The threshold value of acoustic signals amplitude is set by acoustic signals dynamic waveform amplitude characteristic；
（7）All peak values higher than amplitude threshold obtain peak value scatter diagram in extracting acoustic signals, and calculate peak value mark
It is accurate poor；
（8）Drawn according to peak value scatter diagram and obtain welding arc acoustics oscillating curve；
（9）According to peak value standard deviation and peak value scatter diagram, welding arc acoustics oscillating curve assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming system
Make process stability.
2. according to claim 1 steady with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process based on welding arc acoustics signal monitoring
Qualitatively method, it is characterised in that the foundation for judging electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is：（1）Peak value scatterplot
Distribution more collection is neutralized uniformly, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better；（2）Welding arc acoustics oscillating curve is more flat
Sliding, electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better；（3）Peak value standard deviation is smaller, the manufacture of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming
Process stability is better；In three bases for estimation,（1）、（2）It is qualitative criteria,（3）It is quantitative criteria.
3. it is according to claim 1 and 2 to be manufactured with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming based on welding arc acoustics signal monitoring
The method of journey stability, it is characterised in that the threshold value of the acoustic signals amplitude need to be not less than welding arc acoustics signal averaging amplitude
1/3.
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