CN106624420B - A method of it is detected based on acoustic emission signal and assesses electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability - Google Patents
A method of it is detected based on acoustic emission signal and assesses electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability Download PDFInfo
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- CN106624420B CN106624420B CN201710095553.3A CN201710095553A CN106624420B CN 106624420 B CN106624420 B CN 106624420B CN 201710095553 A CN201710095553 A CN 201710095553A CN 106624420 B CN106624420 B CN 106624420B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method detected based on acoustic emission signal with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability.This method by arc excitation in real-time detection electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process acoustic emission signal waveform, it extracts all peak values higher than amplitude threshold in acoustic emission signal and obtains peak value scatter diagram, and calculate peak value standard deviation, it is drawn to obtain electric arc impact oscillating curve according to peak value scatter diagram, electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is assessed with peak value standard deviation and peak value scatter diagram, electric arc impact oscillating curve.It can be realized detection and assessment to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability using the present invention, while can be also suitably used for the detection and assessment of other electric arc increasing material manufacturing process stabilities such as metal material arc surfacing, electric arc deposited and electric arc near-net-shape.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of detection and assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, are suitable for inspection
It surveys and assesses metal material electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability application, while can be also suitably used for metal material
The detection and assessment of other electric arc increasing material manufacturing process stabilities such as arc surfacing, electric arc deposited and electric arc near-net-shape.
Background technique
Metal parts and metal parts are directly manufactured, is that manufacturing industry proposes metal material three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing technology
Ultimate aim out.Early in the initial stage of three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing technology the 1990s development, researcher has just tasted
Try the preparation that metallic article is realized based on various fast prototype making process.With stereo-lithography (Stereolithography,
SLA), layered manufacturing (Laminated object manufacturing, LOM), fused glass pellet (Fused
Deposition modeling, FDM) etc. RP techniques compare, Selective Laser Sintering (Selected
Lasersintering, SLS) the characteristics of dusty material is used due to it, for prepare metallic article provide it is a kind of most direct
It may.With gradually application of the high power laser in rapid prototyping technology, it is molten that SLS technology develops into precinct laser therewith
Change forming technique (Selective laser melting, SLM).The technology is coated in advance using the laser beam irradiation of high-energy
Good metal powder material, it is directly melted and solidified forming obtains metallic article.While the development of SLM technology, it is based on
Laser overlaying welding and laser melting and coating technique, gradually formed metal forming Study on manufacturing technology another important branch --- laser is fast
Fast forming technique (Laser rapid forming, LRF) or laser solid forming technology (Laser solid forming,
LSF).The metal powder for coaxially spraying with light beam or laterally spraying directly is molten into liquid using high energy laser beam by the technology
Liquid metal after fusing is accumulated solidification forming according to scheduled track, is obtained from size and shape by state by motion control
On be in close proximity to " nearly shape " product of final part, and after subsequent small surplus processing and necessary post-processing acquisition
Final metallic article.
The two main research hotspots of SLM technology and LRF technology as metal Fast Forming Technique are led current
The development of metal Fast Forming Technique.The Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing of metal material is carried out using the high energy beams heat source such as laser,
The device is complicated, expensive, and forming technology is complicated, and the consistency of formation of parts microstructure is not high.Electric arc Quick-forming
Manufacturing technology is risen under this background, uses welding arc as heat source, using welding equipment and process
The part being made of full weld metal, therefore also known as electric arc Fast Forming Technique is made.In electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming
In manufacturing process, the electric arc arcing and droplet transfer stability change that arc energy acts on manufacturing district and generates are to influence manufacture
An important factor for quality.Therefore, using special instrument or method detection and assessment in electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process
Manufacturing stability has very important realistic meaning for the control of manufacturing process and the assessment of manufacturing quality.In electric arc three-dimensional
During Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing, the interaction effect that electric arc heat source, molten drop and molten bath are formed can release energy in different forms,
Structural load acoustic emission energy is one such.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to metal material electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, provides a kind of based on welding arc sound hair
Penetrate the detection and appraisal procedure of signal.The present invention is using electric arc and the acoustic emission energy of molten drop impact molten bath excitation as information
Acoustic emission signal caused by source, real-time detection electric arc and molten drop percussion extracts the feature distribution of signal, realizes to electric arc
The testing and evaluation of three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability.
The present invention takes following technical scheme:
A method of it is detected based on acoustic emission signal and assesses electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, it is described
The continuous acoustic emission energy release characteristic that method utilizes real-time detection electric arc impact to generate is realized to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming system
Make the assessment of process stability, the step of the method is as follows:
(1) installation acoustic emission sensor is on substrate, and the center of face three-dimensional rapid forming fabrication region；
(2) arc generator power supply is opened, the three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture to target object is started；
(3) sound emission for acquiring the molten bath for exporting arc energy bump substrate or fabrication region in real time and exciting generation
Signal, and draw out the dynamic waveform figure of signal；
(4) three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture terminates, and shuts down arc energy output, and stop acoustic emission signal on-line checking；
(5) by the threshold value of acoustic emission signal dynamic waveform amplitude characteristic setting acoustic emission signal amplitude.
(7) all peak values higher than amplitude threshold in acoustic emission signal are extracted and obtain peak value scatter diagram, and are calculated
Peak value standard deviation；
(8) it is drawn to obtain electric arc impact oscillating curve according to peak value scatter diagram；
(9) three-dimensional fast rapid-result according to peak value standard deviation and peak value scatter diagram, electric arc impact oscillating curve assessment electric arc
Shape makes process stability.
Judge the foundation of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability are as follows: (1) peak value scatterplot distribution more collection neutralizes equal
Even, electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better；(2) electric arc impact oscillating curve is more smooth, and electric arc is three-dimensional quickly
Figuration manufacture process stability is better；(3) peak value standard deviation is smaller, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better.
In three judgment basis, (1), (2) are qualitative criteria, and (3) are quantitative criteria.
The threshold value of the acoustic emission signal amplitude need to be not less than the 1/3 of acoustic emission signal mean amplitude of tide.
Innovation of the invention is to realize using the detection for the acoustic emission energy release for generating electric arc impact to electric arc three
The detection and assessment for tieing up Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing process stability, have the advantage that compared with prior art
(1), strong operability simple with appraisal procedure is detected；
(2) system design is cheap with manufacturing cost；
(3) assessment result is intuitive, and meets the actual condition of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture；
(4) detection efficiency height is, it can be achieved that rapid evaluation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process Detection of Stability system composition schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the electric arc sound emission signal waveform that embodiment 1 detects.
Fig. 3 corresponds to the electric arc sound emission signal peak scatter diagram of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the electric arc sound emission signal waveform that embodiment 2 detects.
Fig. 5 corresponds to the electric arc sound emission signal peak scatter diagram of embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 is the electric arc sound emission signal waveform that embodiment 3 detects.
Fig. 7 corresponds to the electric arc sound emission signal peak scatter diagram of embodiment 3.
Fig. 8 corresponds to the electric arc impact oscillating curve of embodiment 1,2,3.
In figure, 1 arc generator, 2 electric arcs, 3 substrates, 4 acoustic emission sensors, 5 preamplifiers, 6 signal conditioners, 7
Data collecting card, 8 computers.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.
Referring to Fig. 1, the electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture Detection of Stability system of use includes arc generator 1, sound hair
Penetrate sensor 4, preamplifier 5, signal conditioner 6, data collecting card 7 and computer 8 etc..Substrate 3 uses and manufacturing object
Identical material preparation, the acoustic emission energy of electric arc impact excitation as information source, install on the substrate 3 by acoustic emission sensor 4,
The acoustic emission signal generated for detecting excitation, passes to preamplifier 5, signal is amplified using signal conditioner 6
Processing, then by being sent to computer 8 after data collecting card 7, the software loaded by computer 8 carries out signal the processing such as to calculate,
Obtain testing result.
Embodiment 1:
For the substrate used for 6061 aluminium alloy plates of thickness 4mm, metal wire material selects the AlSi system aluminium that diameter is 1.2mm to close
Gold solder silk.Setting arc current output is 172A, and arc voltage output is 20.8V, moving speed of table 10mm/s.It uses
Protective gas be 99.999% high-purity argon gas, and shield gas flow rate be 20L/min.Aluminium alloy welding wire used is connecing power supply just
Pole, substrate connect power cathode.Installation base plate, and confidence level is fixed, and is adjusted MIG welding gun direction, is kept it vertical with base plan.
Acoustic emission sensor is installed on substrate, and the center of face three-dimensional rapid forming fabrication region, opens arc generator
Power supply starts the three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture to target object according to the program woven.The arc energy of acquisition output in real time swashs
The acoustic emission signal generated is sent out until manufacture terminates, the dynamic waveform for drawing out signal is as shown in Figure 2.It is defeated to shut down arc energy
Out, and stop acoustic emission signal on-line checking.Acoustic emission signal amplitude threshold is set as 4.0, extracts in acoustic emission signal and owns
Peak value higher than amplitude threshold 4.0 obtains the distribution of peak value scatterplot as shown in figure 3, and calculating peak value standard deviation sigma=1.046.According to
Peak value scatter diagram is drawn to obtain electric arc impact oscillating curve as shown in Figure 8.
The distribution of peak value scatterplot more dissipates under the technique it can be seen from Fig. 3 and Fig. 8, and electric arc impact oscillating curve is smooth
Property is poor, and peak value standard deviation is larger, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is poor.
Embodiment 2:
For the substrate used for 6061 aluminium alloy plates of thickness 4mm, metal wire material selects the AlSi system aluminium that diameter is 1.2mm to close
Gold solder silk.Setting arc current output is 129A, and arc voltage output is 18.4V, pulse frequency 100Hz, and background current is
20A, moving speed of table 10mm/s.The protective gas used is 99.999% high-purity argon gas, and shield gas flow rate is
20L/min.Aluminium alloy welding wire used connects positive pole, and substrate connects power cathode.Installation base plate, and confidence level is fixed, and is adjusted
Whole MIG welding gun direction, keeps it vertical with base plan.Acoustic emission sensor is installed on substrate, and face three-dimensional rapid forming
Arc generator power supply is opened in the center of fabrication region, starts according to the program woven fast to the three-dimensional of target object
Fast figuration manufacture.The acoustic emission signal of real-time acquisition output arc energy excitation generation terminates up to manufacture, draws out signal
Dynamic waveform is as shown in Figure 4.Arc energy output is shut down, and stops acoustic emission signal on-line checking.Set acoustic emission signal vibration
Width threshold value is 1.5, extracts all peak values higher than amplitude threshold 1.5 in acoustic emission signal and obtains the distribution of peak value scatterplot such as Fig. 5 institute
Show, and calculates peak value standard deviation sigma=0.554.It is drawn to obtain electric arc impact oscillating curve such as Fig. 8 according to peak value scatter diagram
It is shown.
The distribution of peak value scatterplot is more concentrated under the technique it can be seen from Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, and electric arc impact oscillating curve is smooth
Property is relatively preferable, and peak value standard deviation is smaller, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is preferable.
Embodiment 3:
For the substrate used for 6061 aluminium alloy plates of thickness 4mm, metal wire material selects the AlSi system aluminium that diameter is 1.2mm to close
Gold solder silk.Setting arc current output is 159A, and arc voltage output is 19.4V, pulse frequency 100Hz, and background current is
20A, moving speed of table 10mm/s.The protective gas used is 99.999% high-purity argon gas, and shield gas flow rate is
20L/min.Aluminium alloy welding wire used connects positive pole, and substrate connects power cathode.Installation base plate, and confidence level is fixed, and is adjusted
Whole MIG welding gun direction, keeps it vertical with base plan.Acoustic emission sensor is installed on substrate, and face three-dimensional rapid forming
Arc generator power supply is opened in the center of fabrication region, starts according to the program woven fast to the three-dimensional of target object
Fast figuration manufacture.The acoustic emission signal of real-time acquisition output arc energy excitation generation terminates up to manufacture, draws out signal
Dynamic waveform is as shown in Figure 6.Arc energy output is shut down, and stops acoustic emission signal on-line checking.Set acoustic emission signal vibration
Width threshold value is 1.0, extracts all peak values higher than amplitude threshold 1.0 in acoustic emission signal and obtains the distribution of peak value scatterplot such as Fig. 7 institute
Show, and calculates peak value standard deviation sigma=0.220.It is drawn to obtain electric arc impact oscillating curve such as Fig. 8 according to peak value scatter diagram
It is shown.
The distribution of peak value scatterplot is concentrated very much under the technique it can be seen from Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, and electric arc impact oscillating curve is smooth,
Peak value standard deviation is minimum, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is best.
Compare above-described embodiment the result shows that, 3 manufacturing process stability of embodiment is best, and 2 manufacturing process of embodiment is steady
It is qualitative secondly, 3 manufacturing process stability of embodiment is worst, more can accurately and quickly be realized pair using the method for the invention
The detection and assessment of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method detected based on acoustic emission signal with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability, the side
The continuous acoustic emission energy release characteristic that method utilizes real-time detection electric arc impact to generate is realized and is manufactured to electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming
The step of assessment of process stability, the method, is as follows:
(1) installation acoustic emission sensor is on substrate, and the center of face three-dimensional rapid forming fabrication region；
(2) arc generator power supply is opened, the three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture to target object is started；
(3) acquisition exports the molten bath of arc energy bump substrate or fabrication region and the sound emission of generation is excited to believe in real time
Number, and draw out the dynamic waveform figure of signal；
(4) three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture terminates, and shuts down arc energy output, and stop acoustic emission signal on-line checking；
(5) by the threshold value of acoustic emission signal dynamic waveform amplitude characteristic setting acoustic emission signal amplitude；
(6) all peak values higher than amplitude threshold in acoustic emission signal are extracted and obtain peak value scatter diagram, and calculate peak value
Standard deviation；
(7) it is drawn to obtain electric arc impact oscillating curve according to peak value scatter diagram；
(9) electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming system is assessed according to peak value standard deviation and peak value scatter diagram, electric arc impact oscillating curve
Make process stability；
Judge the foundation of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability are as follows: (1) peak value scatterplot distribution more collection neutralizes uniformly, electricity
Arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better；(2) electric arc impact oscillating curve is more smooth, electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming system
It is better to make process stability；(3) peak value standard deviation is smaller, and electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process stability is better；Three are sentenced
Disconnected (1), (2) are qualitative criteria according in, and (3) are quantitative criteria.
2. according to claim 1 detected based on acoustic emission signal is stablized with assessment electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing process
Property method, which is characterized in that the threshold value of the acoustic emission signal amplitude need to be not less than acoustic emission signal mean amplitude of tide 1/3.
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