CN106861421A - 纳米二氧化锰去除室内甲醛新方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
纳米二氧化锰去除室内甲醛新方法，选用KMnO4与MnSO4在常温下合成MnO2，并向其中掺杂其他金属离子，获得了不同金属掺杂的纳米囊状MnO2球体。从研究结果来看，这些金属担载型的纳米MnO2在低温下氧化甲醛的催化活性顺序如下：Ag/MnO2 >Cu/MnO2>Zn/MnO2。催化剂由平均直径约为40nm微小棒状物组成。当担载其他金属时，催化剂的催化活性较纯的MnO2有大幅度的提高。这些担载的金属是同时以单质和离子型态存在的。催化剂活性提高的原因可能是当金属与MnO2结合时，它们会产生很强烈的相互作用。这种相互可以使空气中的氧通过MnO2到达活性中心变得更容易。从而使其在低温下氧化甲醛变得更容易。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种去除室内甲醛气体污染的方法，具体的说，是一种利用无光催化剂MnO2来吸附甲醛的方法，属于环保领域。
背景技术
甲醛（HCHO）是一种无色易溶的刺激性气体，甲醛可经呼吸道吸收，其水溶液“福尔马林”可经消化道吸收。甲醛具有强烈的致癌和促癌作用。大量文献记载，甲醛对人体健康的影响主要表现在嗅觉异常、刺激、过敏、肺功能异常、肝功能异常和免疫功能异常等方面。浓度过高时，可引起恶心呕吐，咳嗽胸闷，气喘甚至肺水肿；达到30mg/m3时，会产立即致人死亡。国际癌症研究机构(IARC)已于2004年将甲醛上升为一类致癌物质，儿童和孕妇对甲醛尤为敏感，健康危害也更大。
现在用作室内装饰的胶合板和人造板材中含有非常多的甲醛。因为甲醛具粘合性，所以可以用来合成多种粘合剂如：脲醛树脂、酚醛树脂、三聚氰甲醛。装修材料中的甲醛成分有可能向外界散发，从而导致空气中的甲醛含量增加。目前生产人造板使用的胶粘剂主要成分的脲醛树脂就是以甲醛为主要原料的，板材中残留的和未参与反应的甲醛会逐渐向周围环境释放，是形成室内空气中甲醛的主体。装修材料及新的组合家具是造成甲醛污染的主要来源。
对于室内甲醛污染的控制目前甲醛的防治方法方法有以下几种：生物法、物理吸附法、臭氧氧化法、非热等离子体空气净化、催化氧化法。虽然对室内空气甲醛污染的控制办法较多，但大部分都存在有缺陷。控制源头虽然是个治本的办法，但目前工艺上还没有办法完全脱离这些有毒的化学原料。生物法的效果并不明显，只能起到辅助作用。臭氧氧化法可以除去甲醛，但臭氧本身也是有毒的，它不是完美的甲醛去除剂。目前市场运用最多的应该是吸附法和光催化法了。考虑到物理吸附是在多孔介质上的吸附。其脱吸附可能性较大，且常期使用效果较差。而光催化剂的使用却过渡的依赖于紫外光，使得其难以大范围的推广。
本发明对无光催化剂MnO2进行了一些研究，努力找到一种可以有效解决室内甲醛污染的方法和实用材料，简单高效地去除室内甲醛气体污染，给人们带来健康安全的生活环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，解决现有装修材料及新的组合家具中甲醛含量超标的问题，提供一种可以有效解决室内甲醛污染的方法和实用材料，简单高效地去除室内甲醛气体污染。
本发明提供的纳米二氧化锰去除室内甲醛新方法，选用KMnO4与MnSO4在常温下合成MnO2，并向其中掺杂其他金属离子，获得了不同金属掺杂的纳米囊状MnO2球体。从研究结果来看，这些金属担载型的纳米MnO2在低温下氧化甲醛的催化活性顺序如下：Ag/ MnO2 > Cu/MnO2 > Zn/MnO2。催化剂由平均直径约为40 nm微小棒状物组成。当担载其他金属时，催化剂的催化活性较纯的MnO2有大幅度的提高。这些担载的金属是同时以单质和离子型态存在的。催化剂活性提高的原因可能是当金属与MnO2结合时，它们会产生很强烈的相互作用。这种相互可以使空气中的氧通过MnO2到达活性中心变得更容易。从而使其在低温下氧化甲醛变得更容易。
本发明的优点和积极效果：
本发明提供的纳米二氧化锰去除室内甲醛新方法，有效的去除了室内甲醛污染物，室内空气更加健康。
具体实施方式
本发明纳米二氧化锰去除室内甲醛新方法，选用KMnO4与MnSO4在常温下合成MnO2，并向其中掺杂其他金属离子，获得了不同金属掺杂的纳米囊状MnO2球体。掺杂金属离子制备二氧化锰粉末步骤：取微量的硝酸银与7.0gKMnO4溶液混合，微量的硫酸铜或硫酸锌与10.0gMnSO4.H2O溶液混合，分别配制为200ml溶液，而后将MnSO4溶液置于磁力搅拌器上，快速搅拌下逐滴加入上述KMnO4溶液，所得沉淀经蒸馏水无水乙醇洗涤，反复真空抽滤至滤液无色，置于干燥箱中，100℃干燥12h即得到MnO2粉末。
MnO2的BET比表面分析
表1 锰的氧化物的物化参数
各种催化剂的理化性质如表1所示。经高温煅烧之后的催化剂，当引入金属离子之后，其比表面都有所下降。从表中可以看出，比表面最大的是未加入其它金属离子的锰氧化物（83m2/g）。最低的是加入锌离子的催化剂（4 m2/g）。由此我们可以看出，催化剂颗粒的大小随着金属离子的加入而有所增大。银担载型和铜担载型催化剂的比表面积分别为59 m2/g和51 m2/g。从表中我们也可以看出银锌铜的表面元素含量分别为1.97w%，2.05w%，1.97w%。这表明它们的表面元素相对含量都非常接近2w%。
从研究结果来看，这些金属担载型的纳米MnO2在低温下氧化甲醛的催化活性顺序如下：Ag/ MnO2 > Cu/MnO2 > Zn/MnO2。催化剂由平均直径约为40 nm微小棒状物组成。当担载其他金属时，催化剂的催化活性较纯的MnO2有大幅度的提高。这些担载的金属是同时以单质和离子型态存在的。催化剂活性提高的原因可能是当金属与MnO2结合时，它们会产生很强烈的相互作用。这种相互可以使空气中的氧通过MnO2到达活性中心变得更容易。从而使其在低温下氧化甲醛变得更容易。
Claims (3)
1.纳米二氧化锰去除室内甲醛新方法，其特征在于，当担载其他金属时，催化剂的催化活性较纯的MnO2有大幅度的提高，选用KMnO4与MnSO4在常温下合成MnO2，并向其中掺杂其他金属离子，获得了不同金属掺杂的纳米囊状MnO2球体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米二氧化锰去除室内甲醛新方法，其特征在于，这些金属担载型的纳米MnO2在低温下氧化甲醛的催化活性顺序如下：Ag/ MnO2 >
Cu/MnO2 > Zn/MnO2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米二氧化锰去除室内甲醛新方法，其特征在于，当金属与MnO2结合时，它们会产生很强烈的相互作用。
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