CN106856948B - Field planting method for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt - Google Patents
Field planting method for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt Download PDFInfo
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- CN106856948B CN106856948B CN201710152900.1A CN201710152900A CN106856948B CN 106856948 B CN106856948 B CN 106856948B CN 201710152900 A CN201710152900 A CN 201710152900A CN 106856948 B CN106856948 B CN 106856948B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a field planting method for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt, which comprises the following steps: (1) sowing marigold: preparing soil in a tobacco field, fertilizing, ridging and covering a film 15-25 days before transplanting the tobacco leaves according to a conventional technology, and then sowing marigold among tobacco ridges. (2) Application of transplanting water containing ethylicin: mixing ethylicin and transplanting water according to a weight ratio of 1: diluting according to a proportion of 2000-3000 to prepare ethylicin transplanting water, irrigating roots when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and applying 1.00kg of ethylicin transplanting water to the root of each tobacco seedling. (3) Applying a grafting soil containing marigold rhizomes: when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, after the root irrigation and the ethylicin transplanting water are applied, 1.00kg of marigold soil mixture is applied to each tobacco seedling. (4) Thinning marigold: at least four marigold plants are interplanted beside each tobacco plant, and the marigold plants are interplanted at two sides of the tobacco ridge. The method delays the occurrence of the tobacco bacterial wilt, obviously reduces the disease degree, can improve the tobacco quality, increases the production and value, and is suitable for large-area popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control of plant diseases, and particularly relates to a field planting method for controlling tobacco bacterial wilt.
Background
Bacterial wilt caused by L.solanacearum (Ralstonia solanacearum) is considered to be the most serious soil-borne disease on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The disease occurs in many countries where tobacco is grown in tropical humid or warm temperate humid areas. In China, tobacco science and technology workers are dedicated to the prevention and treatment research of tobacco bacterial wilt. The traditional chemical prevention and control method not only has high cost and heavy pollution and damages the soil ecology, but also can cause the residual of harmful substances to exceed the standard. Although biological control overcomes the defects of chemical control, and research and practice prove that the biological control has certain control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt, biological agents generally have slow control effect, complex effective active ingredients, easy restriction and interference of environmental factors, short effective period, poor quality stability and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to search for more effective agents or methods for controlling tobacco bacterial wilt. In order to overcome the disadvantages of chemical control and biological control, the technicians in the field try to control the tobacco bacterial wilt by planting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the field planting method for preventing and treating the tobacco bacterial wilt, which is convenient to operate and easy to manage, can effectively reduce the occurrence and spread of the tobacco bacterial wilt, and overcomes the defects of unstable pesticide effect of biological reagents, overproof chemical reagent residues, ecological environment damage and the like in the prior art.
The field planting method for preventing and treating the tobacco bacterial wilt comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing marigold. Preparing soil in a tobacco field, fertilizing, ridging and covering a film 15-25 days before transplanting the tobacco leaves according to a conventional technology, and then sowing marigold among tobacco ridges.
(2) Transplanting water containing ethylicin is applied. Mixing ethylicin and transplanting water according to a weight ratio of 1: diluting according to a proportion of 2000-3000 to prepare ethylicin transplanting water, irrigating roots when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and applying 1.00kg of ethylicin transplanting water to the root of each tobacco seedling.
(3) Applying the grafting soil containing marigold roots. When the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, after the root irrigation and the ethylicin transplanting water are applied, 1.00kg of marigold soil mixture is applied to each tobacco seedling.
(4) Thinning marigold. At least four marigold plants are interplanted beside each tobacco plant, and the marigold plants are interplanted at two sides of the tobacco ridge.
The marigold grafting soil mixture comprises a ground marigold rhizome and grafting soil, wherein the ratio of the ground marigold rhizome to the grafting soil is 5-10: 100. wherein the size of the crushed marigold rhizome is 0.5-10 mm.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the ethylicin to the transplanting water in the ethylicin transplanting water is 1: 2000.
preferably, the ground marigold rhizome in the marigold culture soil is as follows: the optimal proportion of the grafting soil is 10: 100.
wherein the effective component of ethylicin is ethyl ethanethiosulfonate with molecular formula C4H10O2S2。
The non-illustrated portions are conventional in the art. After the tobacco leaves are harvested, the roots and stems of the marigold are pulled out, dried and crushed, and a marigold soil mixture is prepared in the next year and used for the tobacco leaf transplanting link.
Advantageous effects
1. The method is convenient to operate, simple, easy to manage and easy to master by tobacco growers, and can be popularized in tobacco bacterial wilt occurrence areas.
2. The invention is nontoxic to human and livestock, is safe to environment, and overcomes the defects of unstable drug effect of biological agents and overproof chemical agent residue and ecological environment damage.
3. The invention can delay the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt for more than 10 days and reduce the occurrence degree of diseases, and the control effect of the invention is 27.95-51.48% higher than that of biological agents and 32.98-73.68% higher than that of chemical agents.
4. Compared with biological agents and chemical agents, the yield of the tobacco leaves can be improved by about 10 percent, and the yield value can be improved by more than 30 percent.
5. The method can be used for cyclic reproduction, and the marigold can be prepared into a marigold grafting soil mixture for the tobacco leaf transplanting link by removing the rootstocks of the marigold, drying in the air and crushing after the tobacco leaves are harvested.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The main material components and the function thereof are introduced as follows:
ethylicin is a plant source bionic bactericide, has the characteristics of wide bactericidal spectrum, good quick-acting property, short residual period and difficult generation of drug resistance, can kill ralstonia solanacearum in rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants in time by root irrigation during transplantation, eliminates the ralstonia solanacearum before invading the tobacco plants, and provides a healthy soil environment for the growth and development of tobacco. Marigold, also known as hibiscus trifoliatus, is a plant of the genus marigold of the family Compositae, and when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, soil containing crushed marigold rhizome can be applied to drive off underground pests in tobacco fields, so that the probability that tobacco plants are infected by ralstonia solanacearum through wounds (the tobacco seedlings are stabbed by the underground pests) is reduced. Meanwhile, marigold is planted in the tobacco field, and root secretions and the like of living marigold can generate some antibacterial substances to enable tobacco plants to generate resistance to ralstonia solanacearum and promote growth and development of tobacco seedlings and tobacco plants. The marigold is thinned to ensure that the marigold grows better and the root secretion is more. Ethylicin and marigold seeds are commercially available products.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
The applicant has verified and popularized that the field planting method for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt in the invention is verified by field control tests in the planting production area of tobacco leaves in Enshi of North province of Hubei in 2014 and 2015.
Wherein 9 kinds of large-area planting comparison tests are carried out in the zanthoxylum town Lifengcun (elevation 880m) in Xuan En county of Enshi and the Lichuan village of Lihao county (elevation 1120m), the area of each area is 10.8m multiplied by 13.2m, and 220 tobacco plants are planted. The tobacco variety planted in the test area is Yunyan 87.
In 2015, 9 large-area planting comparison tests were carried out on pepper gardens, towns and cool wind villages (the elevation is 895m) in Xuan En county of Enshi and suburb tobacco base units (the elevation is 585m), the area of each area is 18.6m multiplied by 15.4m, and 480 tobacco plants are planted. The tobacco variety planted in the test area is Yunyan 87.
The test area has flat terrain, regular field blocks and convenient drainage and irrigation; the loose soil is yellow brown soil, and the fertility is moderate; when tobacco is planted in successive years, bacterial wilt occurs seriously in all years.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to a specific tobacco planting technique.
(1) Sowing marigold. Preparing soil in tobacco field, fertilizing, ridging, covering film, and sowing marigold in tobacco ridge in 4 months and 5 days.
(2) And (5) transplanting tobacco seedlings. Transplanting tobacco seedlings in the Chann county Pepper garden town cool wind village for 4 months and 25 days in 2014, and transplanting tobacco seedlings in Lichuan city cool business village villages for 4 months and 30 days; tobacco seedlings are transplanted in 2015 in the zanthoxylum town cool wind village of Xuan En county within 4 months and 24 days, and tobacco seedlings are transplanted in suburb tobacco base units of Enshi city within 4 months and 22 days. The row spacing of the tobacco ridges is 110-120 cm, and the plant spacing of the tobacco is 55-60 cm.
(3) Transplanting water containing ethylicin is applied. A certain amount of 80% ethylicin raw pesticide (Dajinghuaxian limited liability company, Henan province) is measured, the raw pesticide is diluted by transplanting water, the prepared ethylicin transplanting water is irrigated to roots when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and 1.00kg of ethylicin raw pesticide is applied to irrigating the roots of each tobacco seedling.
(4) Applying the grafting soil containing marigold roots. The marigold root and stem are crushed (0.5-10 mm) in a crusher, and the crushed materials are mixed with the grafting soil according to a proportion to prepare a marigold grafting soil mixture. After the root irrigation with ethylicin transplanting water, 1.00kg of marigold soil mixture is applied to each tobacco seedling.
(5) Thinning marigold: after thinning, the plant spacing of the marigold is 30cm, and the row spacing is 30-50 cm.
Marigold and tobacco are used as a set, as shown in figure 1.
Table 1 shows the application content and the ratio of the main substances in different examples.
TABLE 1
In order to verify and popularize the field planting method for preventing and treating the tobacco bacterial wilt, the comparison test for preventing and treating the tobacco bacterial wilt is respectively carried out in the same place adopting the 9 embodiments. The contrast test is to apply common biological agents and chemical agents, and still adopts a large-area contrast mode, and the same number of tobacco plants are planted in each area; and the tobacco without the applied medicament is planted conventionally as a control.
After the tobacco leaves are transplanted, the disease initial period of the tobacco plants in each embodiment and each comparative test is recorded, the disease condition is investigated one day before the harvest is finished, and the disease index and the prevention and treatment effect are calculated.
Disease index is 100 × [ Σ (number of diseased plants per stage × representative value per stage) ]/(total number of investigated plants × highest representative value); control effect (%) [ (control disease means-treatment disease means)/control disease means ] × 100.
The occurrence situation and the control effect of the tobacco bacterial wilt in 2014 are shown in tables 2 and 3. The embodiments (embodiment 1 to embodiment 9) described in the invention can delay the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt for more than 10 days; the control effect on the tobacco bacterial wilt is obviously better than that of biological agents, chemical agents and controls, and when the roasting is finished (the last investigation), the control effect of the control is over 75 percent in the examples 1 to 9, the control effect is 27.95 to 38.33 percent higher than that of the biological agents and 32.98 to 71.43 percent higher than that of the chemical agents, wherein the control effect is the highest (the control effect is higher than 80 percent) in the example 9.
TABLE 2 survey and record table for the onset of tobacco bacterial wilt by different treatments (Xuan En 2014)
TABLE 3 investigation and record table for the onset of tobacco bacterial wilt by different treatments (Lichuan 2014)
The onset and control effects of tobacco bacterial wilt in 2015 are shown in tables 4 and 5. The embodiments (embodiment 1-embodiment 9) described in the invention can delay the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt for 12 d; the control effect on the tobacco bacterial wilt is obviously better than that of biological agents, chemical agents and controls, when the roasting is finished (the last investigation), the control effect of the control is over 75 percent in the examples 1 to 9, the control effect is 38.93 to 51.48 percent higher than that of the biological agents and 55.46 to 73.68 percent higher than that of the chemical agents, and particularly, the control effect of the control is better than that of the control effect of the biological agents (the control effect is higher than 80 percent).
TABLE 4 survey and record table for the onset of tobacco bacterial wilt by different treatments (Xuan En, 2015)
TABLE 5 survey and record table for the onset of tobacco bacterial wilt by different treatments (Enshi, 2015)
The economic character indexes of the tobacco are counted, and the results are shown in tables 6 and 7. In 2014, the yield value and the average price of the tobacco leaves in the embodiments 1 to 9 are averagely increased by 22.92 percent, 51.14 percent and 22.63 percent respectively compared with the control; the average increase is 11.20%, 31.10% and 17.58% compared with the biological medicament; the average increase is 9.88%, 31.43% and 19.29% compared with the chemical agent. Wherein the economic trait index of the tobacco leaf of example 9 is the most amplified.
In 2015, the yield value and the average price of the tobacco leaves in the examples 1 to 9 are averagely increased by 19.49 percent, 49.66 percent and 24.93 percent respectively compared with those of the control; the average increase is 14.10%, 31.78% and 15.20% compared with the biological medicament; the average increase is 12.42%, 32.08% and 17.19% compared with the chemical agent. Wherein the economic trait index of the tobacco leaf of example 9 is the most amplified.
TABLE 6 statistics of economic traits for different treatments of tobacco (Xuan En 2014)
TABLE 7 statistics of economic traits for tobacco treated differently (Enshi, 2015)
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A field planting method for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sowing marigold: preparing soil in a tobacco field, fertilizing, ridging and covering a film 15-25 days before transplanting the tobacco leaves according to a conventional technology, and then sowing marigold among tobacco ridges;
(2) application of transplanting water containing ethylicin: mixing ethylicin and transplanting water according to a weight ratio of 1: diluting according to a proportion of 2000-3000 to prepare ethylicin transplanting water, irrigating roots when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and applying 1.00kg of ethylicin transplanting water to the root of each tobacco seedling;
(3) applying a grafting soil containing marigold rhizomes: when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, after the root irrigation and the ethylicin transplanting water are applied, 1.00kg of marigold soil mixture is applied to each tobacco seedling;
(4) thinning marigold: after thinning, the plant spacing and the row spacing of the marigold are 30cm and 30-50 cm, so that at least four marigold plants are interplanted beside each tobacco plant, and the marigold plants are interplanted on two sides of a tobacco ridge;
the marigold grafting soil mixture comprises crushed marigold rhizome and grafting soil, and the proportion of the crushed marigold rhizome and grafting soil is 5-10: 100, respectively; the size of the crushed marigold rhizome is 0.5-10 mm;
the weight ratio of the ethylicin to the transplanting water in the ethylicin transplanting water is 1: 2000; wherein the effective component of ethylicin is ethyl ethanethiosulfonate C4H10O2S2。
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| CN108040801A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-05-18 | 钟山县德福农产品有限公司 | The method of fertile mandarin orange interplanting marigold |
| CN108633675A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-12 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | A method of utilizing marigold prevention tobacco bacterial wilt, balck shank |
| CN109984003A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-07-09 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of tobacco field phanerogam landscape layout ecology pest controlling method |
| CN111387209B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-06-25 | 湖北大学 | Composite antagonistic bacterium agent for preventing and controlling tobacco diseases and application thereof |
| CN111713346A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-09-29 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Planting method for preventing and treating bacterial wilt of solanaceous vegetable crops |
| CN114158405A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-03-11 | 云南农业大学 | Method for controlling cabbage clubroot by using marigold straws |
| CN115553163A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-01-03 | 云南省烟草公司昭通市公司 | Application of marigold in prevention and control of TSWV or tomato spotted wilt virus |
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| MX2010001967A (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2010-03-11 | Basf Plant Science Gmbh | Method for producing a transgenic plant cell, a plant or a part thereof with increased resistance to plant disease. |
| CN102180751B (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2012-04-25 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Special anti-disease controlled-release fertilizer for Yunnan flue-cured tobacco, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN102613256A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2012-08-01 | 袁为祥 | Plant medicine of tobacco root knot nematode disease and preparation method thereof |
| CN103190222B (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2015-01-28 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | Method for controlling tobacco bacterial wilt |
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| CN105860979A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-17 | 沈阳农业大学 | Modified biochar based multifunctional disease-preventing tobacco planting soil active conditioner |
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