CN106853846B - 车身部件 - Google Patents

车身部件 Download PDF

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CN106853846B
CN106853846B CN201611097113.3A CN201611097113A CN106853846B CN 106853846 B CN106853846 B CN 106853846B CN 201611097113 A CN201611097113 A CN 201611097113A CN 106853846 B CN106853846 B CN 106853846B
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vehicle body
body component
base
reinforcing
reinforcement
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CN106853846A (zh
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塞拉哈丁·图埃尔·梅米利
拉斐尔·科赫
伊戈尔·利科
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/001Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • B62D29/005Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material preformed metal and synthetic material elements being joined together, e.g. by adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0681Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding created by a tool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7428Transition metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/74283Iron or alloys of iron, e.g. steel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/04Door pillars ; windshield pillars
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/06Fixed roofs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
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    • B62D29/001Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/04Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
    • B62D29/043Superstructures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2307/00Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
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Abstract

本公开涉及一种车身部件,该车身部件包含用纤维增强塑料材料的增强元件增强的基本元件。提出的是,用增强元件增强的基本元件是车身的立柱或车顶元件的基本元件,增强元件具有恒定的厚度或可变的厚度。

Description

车身部件
技术领域
本公开涉及一种车身部件并且更具体地涉及一种具有纤维增强塑料材料的车身部件。
背景技术
这部分的陈述仅提供与本公开相关的背景信息,并且可能不构成现有技术。
在DE 10 2012 203 888 A1中公开了一种具有金属板部件的机动车辆车身单元,该金属板部件用大面积附接到其的纤维复合材料的增强部件来增强。如在DE 10 2012 203888 A1中所阐述的问题,这样的混合部件不能使用车辆构造中常规的接合方法——例如,点焊——在增强部件的区域中被接合到其他部件。DE 10 2012 203 888 A1因此提出的是,增强部件包含至少一个开口,使得金属板部件可以使用常规的接合方法被接合到开口的区域中的另一个金属板部件。该金属板部件是门槛面板增强板。该增强部件包括碳纤维增强塑料材料,该金属板部件包括可焊接的铁材料。
EP 2 689 882 A2公开了一种用于摩擦搅动焊接的装置和方法。这里,两个不同的金属板——即,一块铝板和一块钢板——被接合在一起。填充材料被用来闭合接合焊缝。
US 2010/0089977 A1也涉及不同材料的摩擦搅动焊接。这里,铝板被接合到镁板,其中铜、锡和锌以及其他粉末的组合可以加强含镁和含铝摩擦搅动焊接材料。
在机动车辆构造中,特别是对于车身,车身特别轻是有利的。这样可以节省燃料并且从而也减少有害气体——例如二氧化碳(CO2)——的排放。在不同的区域中,结构——即,车身——部件需要被设计用于非常不同的载荷。在这方面,部件也必须以这样的方式来制造,即,使得实现可能的最轻量级结构同时损失尽可能少的材料。在被施加特别重的载荷的区域中,因此也可以提供增强措施。部件可以例如由基本元件制成,并且包含在某些位置作为增强措施的加厚部分。“定制轧制坯料(Tailored rolled blanks)”是已知的。然而,定制轧制坯料的制造非常复杂,并且在这方面也非常昂贵。另外,不利的是,在仅一个轧制缺陷存在的情况下,不管多么小,整个部件必须被处理掉,因为它那时不再满足要求。然而,也可以想到的是,在基本元件上提供单独的增强元件,该增强元件可以包括纤维增强塑料材料。如在DE 10 2012 203 888 A1中已经公开的,常规的接合方法是不适用的。增强元件可以使用粘合结合的接合点被接合到基本元件,以使得预期的载荷可以被车身部件吸收这样的方式来增强所述基本元件。然而,粘合结合的接合点不允许达到最大可能的接合力。在这方面,附加的机械接合点也是必要的,然而,该附加的机械接合点可能破坏纤维增强塑料材料的纤维,因此使所需的增强无效。例如,增强元件可以使用铆钉被紧固到基本元件,这不可避免地破坏接合点区域中的纤维。此外,原来的接合点的剪切力和开裂力可能会降低,其中腐蚀问题也可能发生。
文章“铝AA6181-T4和碳纤维增强的聚苯硫醚的摩擦点接合:工艺参数对微观结构和机械强度的影响”(材料和设计66(2015),437-445)涉及铝板与纤维增强塑料材料的可能接合,也参考EP 2 329 905 B1。
EP 2 329 905 B1公开了一种再填充摩擦搅动焊接方法,其中轻金属板被接合到纤维增强塑料材料。摩擦搅动焊接装置包含销、套筒和夹紧环。该装置旨在使得在焊接工艺过程期间通过摩擦搅动焊接装置闭合摩擦焊接焊缝成为可能,其中纤维增强塑料材料被熔化,但纤维应当保持不被损坏。一旦旋转已停止,材料就硬化,使得预先熔化的区域粘附到彼此。然而,在这方面,明确说明的是,粘合剂结合的已知缺点被排除,因为没有使用单独的粘合剂。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种车身部件,该车身部件具有降低的制造难度和减轻的重量,同时仍然满足刚性和/或碰撞要求。
应当指出的是,在以下说明中单独列出的特征和措施可以以任何所需的技术上可行的方式组合,并且公开本公开的进一步的配置。
提供了一种车身部件,该车身部件包含用纤维增强塑料材料的增强元件增强的基本元件。根据本公开,用增强元件增强的基本元件是车身的立柱——即,A、B、C或D柱——或车顶元件的基本元件,其中增强元件具有恒定的厚度或可变的——即,变化的——厚度。
在一种形式中,增强元件至少在某些位置处至少以形状适配的方式与基本元件接合。形状适配的连接可以例如使用再填充摩擦搅动焊接装置来形成。可以提供许多用于摩擦搅动焊接装置的起始点。这里,形状适配的接合点区域以类似于点焊接的接合点所使用的间距的方式被间隔开。在基本元件的活动侧上,即,在摩擦搅动焊接装置的摩擦搅动焊接头作用的一侧上,基本元件在接合后大体上是平坦的,没有焊缝和/或凸起部分。在基本元件的相对的接合点侧上,形成凸起部分,该凸起部分渗入到纤维增强塑料材料的相应的接合点侧的熔化的材料中,使得一旦材料冷却,就形成形状适配的接合点。纤维增强的增强元件的塑料材料或基质由于摩擦搅动焊接装置的摩擦热的作用而熔化。凸起部分可以采取环的形式,并且例如对应于套筒的结构。在增强元件的相对自由侧上,增强元件同样是平坦的,并且没有凸起部分。尽管塑料材料熔化,但是增强纤维没有被破坏,所以避免了可能导致车身部件的弱点的缺陷。由于没有破坏纤维,即,由于更强的接合点,所以更重的载荷可以被吸收或分布。因而,基本元件的材料厚度可以被减小,这进而对于减轻负重并且因而对于减少燃料消耗量以及因此污染物排放量具有积极作用。
此外,有利的是,也提供结合的接合点,其中在形状适配的接合之前至少在某些位置——在一种形式中在重叠的接合点区域处——增强元件和/或基本元件被提供有合适的粘合剂,使得呈现附加的粘接接合点。对于本公开,有利的是,粘合剂被施加在增强元件抵靠基本元件的整个区域上。以这种方式,形状适配的接合点与单独的粘接接合点相结合,使得在元件之间提供了特别可靠的接合点。这代表一种完全新颖的方法,该方法允许基本元件连同增强元件就车身部件特别是B柱的结构而言的灵活度,以允许更大的载荷吸收同时观察到增加的重量减轻。由于这种结合,更重的负重可以被实现,其中基本元件的材料厚度可以被更进一步地减小,这进而对于减轻负重并且因而对于减少燃料消耗量以及因此污染物排放量具有积极作用。
形状适配的接合点与以增强元件和基本元件之间的粘接接合点的形式的单独的结合的接合点的组合具有积极作用。
基本元件可以是金属板,该金属板已经从轧制带分离并且例如在轧制过程中或在压制过程中已经被适当地成形。然而,基本元件也可以是铸件。由此,基本元件可以特别简单地形成,根据本公开提供的是,基本元件在纵向方向上和在横向方向上的其整个范围内具有恒定的厚度。“定制轧制的”基本元件所需的复杂的生产过程可以从而被省略。在这方面,基本元件的一种形式可以是通过压制来形成。基本元件仅仅通过简单的轧制步骤或压制被成形或铸造成所需的形状并且至少对于刚性和/或碰撞要求已具有某些特性。所需的目标特性通过增强元件来实现。
基本元件可以是金属——即,钢材——或轻金属——即,例如铝或镁。对于本公开,铝和镁各自也包括它们的各自的合金。
根据本公开,增强元件是纤维增强塑料材料。这特别轻,但给基本元件提供所需的目标特性。该纤维增强塑料材料可以是碳纤维增强塑料材料(CFRP)。该纤维增强塑料材料可以是玻璃纤维增强塑料材料(GFRP)。
在第一种配置中,增强元件可以具有恒定的厚度,并且被设置在基本元件的根据设计标准待增强的所需区域处。
在另一种配置中,增强元件可以具有可变的厚度,即,变化的厚度,并且被设置在基本元件的根据设计标准待增强的所需区域处。以这种方式,以这种方式增强的基本元件,虽然不是以定制轧制坯料的形式,但是仍然可以包括具有不同的厚度——即,具有不同的特性——的区域。这允许相比于常规的定制轧制胚料以特别合理的价格进行生产。
待形成的增强元件匹配待用其增强的基本元件的所需的特性很有意义,其中基本元件可以被形成为简单地成形或铸造的轻金属或铁材料的基本元件。这样的过程也允许节省基本元件的非常昂贵的基材,因为基本元件不必被制成具有目标特性,而是可以实际上被缩小尺寸。特别是,增强元件可以以这样的方式来形成,即,使得基本元件的材料厚度被减小,即,尽可能薄。
也适当的是,增强元件被形成为不仅使得其符合基本元件(优选其待增强的区域)的形状,而且根据旨在通过增强元件实现的所需特性来形成。由于形状适配的接合点与结合的粘接接合点的上述组合,也可能的是,建立必要的目标要求,同时省略例如夹子或铆钉的另外的机械接合点。
用增强元件增强的基本元件特别是B柱的基本元件。在这种情况下,增强元件可以被设置在外侧或内侧上或外侧和内侧二者上。在组装状态下,优选提供的是,增强元件被设置在车身的向外侧上。纤维增强的增强元件连同以B柱的形式的基本元件的一个优点在于非常高的刚性以及改进的能量吸收的可能性。
然而,用增强元件增强的基本元件也可以是车顶面板。在这种情况下,适当的是,设置增强元件作为车顶面板上的顶部元件,使得车顶元件因而整体上被做得更坚硬。车顶面板当然也首先被缩小尺寸,并且通过增强元件以使得满足需求这样的方式被适当地增强。如果基本元件是车顶面板,则也适当的是,车顶面板的特定区域被呈现有恒定厚度的增强元件,并且其他区域被呈现有可变厚度的增强元件。特别是,在碰撞期间吸收更多的载荷力的区域可以附加地被接合到“定制的”增强元件,即,被接合到可变厚度的增强元件,对于可变厚度的增强元件,再填充摩擦搅动焊接同样是适合的。此外适当的是,提供附加的粘接接合点,如已经提到的。
进一步的应用领域将从在此提供的说明书中变得显而易见。应当理解的是,说明书和具体示例仅旨在用于说明的目的,并不旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
为了可以很好地理解本公开,现在将参考附图描述通过举例的方式给出的其各种形式,在附图中:
图1是包含基本元件与根据本公开的原理构造的第一种结构的增强元件的车身部件的透视正视图;
图2示出了图1的车身部件的透视后视图;
图3示出了图2的放大部分;
图4是包含基本元件与根据本公开的原理构造的第二种结构的增强元件的车身部件的正视图;以及
图5示出了图4的放大部分。
在此所描述的附图仅用于说明的目的,并不旨在以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
具体实施方式
以下说明书本质上仅仅是示例性的,而不旨在限制本公开、应用或用途。应该理解的是,在整个附图中,相应的附图标记指示相同或相应的部分和特征。
在各个附图中,相同的部分始终被提供相同的附图标记,由于这个原因,它们通常仅被描述一次。
图1示出了包含基本元件2的车身部件1,该基本元件2已通过增强元件3增强。根据本公开,用增强元件3增强的基本元件2是立柱——即,车身的B柱——的基本元件,其中增强元件3是由纤维增强塑料材料——优选为碳纤维增强塑料材料——形成,并且在第一种形式中具有恒定的厚度。基本元件2具有恒定的厚度。增强元件3还可以由玻璃纤维增强塑料材料形成。
基本元件2包含车顶接合区域4和与其相对的门槛接合区域6。如图所示,两个区域4和6的形状例如是平面的。凹槽7被设置在两个区域4和6之间。凹槽7包含在车顶端和在门槛端处的倾斜延伸的过渡区域8和9,这些区域各自导向中心区域11。凸缘12被横向设置在基本元件2上。在中线的两侧上,凸缘12在每种情况下在相同的取向上弯曲延伸进入车顶接合区域4和门槛接合区域6。
因而,基本元件2可以已在轧制过程中或在压制过程中由轧制板形成,或已被铸造成铸件。基本元件2可以包括轻金属或钢材。
增强元件3例如被设置在基本元件2上的某些位置处。显而易见的是,增强元件3起始于距车顶接合区域4的一定距离处并且朝向门槛接合区域6延伸,在到达门槛接合区域6之前结束。例如,当在纵向长度上——即,在附图的平面上——观察时,增强元件3从顶部向下延伸到基本元件2的一半。因此,用增强元件增强的基本元件具有车身部件1——即,例如B柱——的目标特性。当然,增强元件3也可以比如图所示的覆盖基本元件2更多或更少。
重要的是,形成基本元件2不需要特殊的配置,如在定制轧制坯料的情况下已知的,但仍然具有例如由增强元件3引起的关于刚性和碰撞行为的必要的特性。此外,车身部件1比在由基材制成的定制轧制坯料形成基本元件的情况更轻。
增强元件3和基本元件2通过再填充摩擦搅动焊接(refilling friction stirwelding)以形状适配的方式被接合。此外,在本公开的一种形式中还提供了附加的结合的接合点,即,粘接接合点。
摩擦搅动焊接的接合点16例如在图2和3中是可见的。显而易见的是,这些以点焊的接合点的方式被间隔开。它们被特别强调仅为了说明的原因。原则上,在图2和3中摩擦搅动焊接的接合点明显所在的侧面在摩擦搅动焊接之后大体上是平坦的。
摩擦搅动焊接的接合点16是通过再填充摩擦搅动焊接装置形成的,该再填充摩擦搅动焊接装置包焊销、套筒和夹紧环。在这种情况下,摩擦搅动焊接在四个阶段进行:摩擦、第一次压制、第二次压制和撤回。夹紧环将基本元件保持到位并且阻碍——即,阻止——在该过程中材料流动。当销和套筒开始在相同的方向上旋转时,这些可以在轴向方向上相互独立地移动。在这种情况下,销例如穿透材料,同时向上移动套筒。以这种方式,形成用于增塑的——即,熔化的——材料的空间。一旦已经达到所需的深度,销和套筒就在运动的轴向方向上被翻转,使得套筒朝向基本元件移动并且销被撤回。以这种方式,在焊接焊缝中收集到的材料被运回,使得形成大体上平坦的无焊缝表面。穿透深度是使得纤维不被接触到,即,被破坏,摩擦热足以熔化基本元件的材料以及塑料材料。然而,形状适配是通过基本元件和增强元件面向彼此的接合点侧上的套筒形成的,因为基本元件侧上的凸起部分接合在增强元件的熔化的塑料材料中并且一旦塑料材料冷却就保持在该位置。对于本公开,如果结合的接合点——优选为粘接接合点——与形状适配的接合点结合,则这种形状适配的接合点被更进一步地增强。在这种情况下,在形成形状适配的接合点之前,粘合剂被施加到基本元件和/或增强元件的相互面向的接合点表面。粘接接合点可以被进一步硬化。
摩擦搅动焊接装置作用于基本元件2的活动侧17,即,优选作用于基本元件2的自由侧,例如作用于各个凸缘12,其中如例如在图2和3中显而易见的,该活动——即,自由——侧17与增强元件3相对。例如,摩擦搅动焊接装置在凸缘12上形成形状适配的接合点。然而,此外或唯一地,这些也可以被设置在凹槽7的侧边(side flanks)18上和/或凹槽7的底部19上。粘合剂也可以被设置在侧边18、底部和/或凸缘12上或在增强元件3的相应区域上以形成结合的接合点。
增强元件2被形成以对应于相应的B柱的所需目标特性。例如,它被实施为对应于具有其侧边18和其底部19的凹槽并且对应于凸缘12。显而易见的是,增强元件3被引导到过渡区域8和9,但不完全符合过渡区域8和9。增强元件3以其端部边缘21与基本元件2的凸缘12的端部边缘22齐平而终止。
图4示出了具有第二种配置的基本元件2和增强元件24的车身部件23。基本元件2具有恒定的厚度,并且被实施为和B柱的基本元件一样根据图1到3相同地形成。
增强元件24是由纤维增强塑料材料形成,并且具有可变的厚度。在这方面,增强元件24具有比另一区域14更厚的区域13。例如,仅不同厚度的两个区域13和14是显而易见的。当然,两个以上的区域也可以具有不同的厚度。还可以提供间隔开但具有相同厚度的区域,其中比相应的其它区域更薄或更厚的一个或多个区域可以被设置它们之间。
在图4所示的示例性形式中,基本元件2的凸缘12是自由的,即,没有被增强元件24覆盖。增强元件24相应地例如仅符合具有侧边18和底部19的凹槽7的结构。这可能因此也适用于根据图1至3的增强元件3。
增强元件24可以被形成为使得它的纵向范围和它的可变厚度符合所需特性。和增强元件3一样,增强元件24在其纵向长度上覆盖例如基本元件2的一半。增强元件24被插入到凹槽7中,而不覆盖凸缘12,如已经提到的。
摩擦搅动焊接的接合点16例如被设置在侧边18上(图5),但是也可以另外或单独地被设置在底部19上。也可以提供附加的粘接接合点,如已经描述的。
本公开的描述本质上仅仅是示例性的,并且因此不脱离本公开的实质的变型旨在包含在本公开的范围之内。这样的变型不应被视为脱离本公开的精神和范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种车身部件,所述车身部件包含:
基本元件;
增强所述基本元件的增强元件,所述增强元件是纤维增强塑料材料并且至少在离散位置处通过至少一个摩擦搅动焊接的接合点被形状适配地接合到所述基本元件,所述至少一个摩擦搅动焊接的接合点将所述增强元件直接接合到所述基本元件的底部、凸缘或侧边而不扰乱所述增强元件内的任何纤维,所述增强元件通过粘合剂被接合到所述基本元件,所述粘合剂被施加到所述基本元件的所述底部和所述侧边,
其中所述基本元件是车身的立柱或车辆的车顶元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车身部件,其中所述粘合剂被施加在所述增强元件抵靠所述基本元件的整个区域上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车身部件,其中所述基本元件选自由成形的金属板和铸件组成的组。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车身部件,其中所述基本元件是钢材。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车身部件,其中所述增强元件选自由碳纤维增强塑料材料和玻璃纤维增强塑料材料组成的组。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车身部件,其中所述基本元件的活动侧在摩擦搅动焊接之后是平坦的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车身部件,其中所述增强元件被设置在所述基本元件的内侧上。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车身部件,其中所述增强元件被设置在所述基本元件的外侧上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的车身部件,其中所述增强元件具有恒定的厚度。
10.根据权利要求1所述的车身部件,其中所述增强元件具有可变的厚度。
11.一种车身部件,所述车身部件包含:
基本元件,所述基本元件包括限定U形中心元件的一对第一侧边和第一底部;
增强所述基本元件的增强元件,所述增强元件是纤维增强塑料材料并且至少在离散位置处被形状适配地接合到所述基本元件,所述增强元件包括一对第二侧边和第二底部,所述一对第二侧边和第二底部限定与所述U形中心元件嵌套的U形增强本体,使得所述第一底部接触所述第二底部并且每个所述第一侧边接触所述第二侧边之一,所述增强元件通过至少一个摩擦搅动焊接的接合点和粘合剂被接合到所述基本元件,
其中所述基本元件是车身的立柱或车顶元件并且是选自由钢、铝和镁组成的组中的材料。
12.根据权利要求11所述的车身部件,其中所述粘合剂将所述第一底部结合到所述第二底部并且实现以下中的至少一个:a)将所述第一侧边结合到所述第二侧边;以及b)将一对第一凸缘结合到一对第二凸缘,其中所述第一凸缘从每个第一侧边的内侧横向向外延伸并且所述第二凸缘从每个第二侧边的内侧横向向外延伸。
13.根据权利要求11所述的车身部件,其中所述第二底部和所述第二侧边嵌套在所述基本元件的所述第一底部和所述第一侧边内。
14.根据权利要求11所述的车身部件,其中所述第一底部和所述第一侧边嵌套在所述增强元件的所述第二底部和所述第二侧边内。
15.根据权利要求11所述的车身部件,其中所述增强元件具有恒定的厚度。
16.根据权利要求11所述的车身部件,其中所述增强元件具有可变的厚度。
17.根据权利要求11所述的车身部件,其中所述增强元件选自由碳纤维增强塑料材料和玻璃纤维增强塑料材料组成的组。
18.一种车身部件,所述车身部件包含:
基本元件,所述基本元件包含选自由钢、铝、和镁组成的组中的材料,所述基本元件包括一对第一凸缘、一对第一侧边和第一底部,所述第一侧边在所述基本元件的中线的相对侧上间隔开,所述第一底部在所述第一侧边的外侧之间横向延伸以限定U形中心元件,所述第一凸缘从所述第一侧边的内侧横向向外延伸;
增强元件,所述增强元件包含由纤维和基质组成的纤维增强塑料材料,所述增强元件包括一对第二侧边和第二底部,所述第二侧边在所述基本元件的所述中线的相对侧上间隔开并且与相应的一个第一侧边重叠,所述第二底部在第二侧边的外侧之间横向延伸并且与所述第一底部重叠以限定与所述U形中心元件嵌套的U形增强本体,所述增强本体通过至少一个摩擦搅动焊接的接合点被接合到所述第一底部、所述第一凸缘或所述第一侧边,所述增强本体沿着所述U形中心元件小于所述U形中心元件的整个纵向长度的区域纵向延伸并且通过粘合剂结合到所述U形中心元件,
其中所述增强元件的所述基质在所述搅动焊接的接合点处被熔化并且所述纤维不被损坏。
19.根据权利要求18所述的车身部件,其中所述粘合剂将所述第一侧边结合到所述第二侧边并且将所述第一底部结合到所述第二底部。
20.根据权利要求18所述的车身部件,其中所述增强元件具有可变的厚度。
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