CN106853598B - A kind of cylinder emery wheel curve surface grinding method of virtual ball knife radius - Google Patents
A kind of cylinder emery wheel curve surface grinding method of virtual ball knife radius Download PDFInfo
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- CN106853598B CN106853598B CN201510903522.7A CN201510903522A CN106853598B CN 106853598 B CN106853598 B CN 106853598B CN 201510903522 A CN201510903522 A CN 201510903522A CN 106853598 B CN106853598 B CN 106853598B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/60—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of tools not covered by the preceding subgroups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cylinder emery wheel curve surface grinding methods of virtual ball knife radius to pass through inclination angle of the virtual ball knife modelling cylinder emery wheel axis on the normal vector of curved surface point of contact comprising steps of step 1, cylinder emery wheel attitude angle design；Step 2, planning cutter path, determine cutter path according to curved surface point of contact normal vector and virtual ball cutting die type, guarantee inclination angle set by step 1 by a rotary shaft of lathe.Step 3, using axial feed mode, grinding is carried out to the workpiece by the cutter path.Cylindrical or class cylinder emery wheel can be used for the Four-axis milling of free form surface by the present invention, there is cutter path to plan simple and flexible, machining shape precision is high and shows the low feature of roughness, the Free-Form Surface Machining suitable for hard brittle materials such as optical glass.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the accurate grinding technical fields of free form surface, and in particular to a kind of cylinder of virtual ball knife radius
Grinding wheel curve surface grinding method is used for four axis knives of curved surface accurate grinding using cylindrical or class cylinder diamond cylinder emery wheel
Has track approach.
Background technique
Currently, the grinding of free form surface mainly processed by single-point diamond or multiaxis grinding wheel, using this two
When kind method carries out grinding, processing efficiency is low, and tool wear is fast.In addition, correlation surface anchor ring grinding wheel curved surface is ground
Cutting knife tool method for planning track has been suggested, but this method finishing is difficult, and machining accuracy is lower.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of cylinder emery wheel of virtual ball knife radius songs
Face method for grinding.The present invention provides the designs of virtual ball knife radius and diamond cylinder emery wheel for curved surface Four-axis milling
Trajectory Arithmetic model, mainly solving the technical problems that the design method and four axis cutter rails of cylinder emery wheel processing tilt angle
The planning of mark.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of cylinder emery wheel curve surface grinding method of virtual ball knife radius, comprising steps of
Step 1, the design of cylinder emery wheel attitude angle, are cut by virtual ball knife modelling cylinder emery wheel axis in curved surface
Inclination angle on point normal vector；
Step 2, planning cutter path, determine cutter path according to curved surface point of contact normal vector and virtual ball cutting die type,
Guarantee inclination angle set by step 1 by a rotary shaft of lathe.
Step 3, using axial feed mode, grinding is carried out to workpiece by the cutter path.
Further, the step 1 specifically includes:
Step 11, according to the wheel grinding sword radius rw of cylinder emery wheel and the generating tool axis vector of needs about curved surface node analysis
The inclination folder degree θ of line vector designs virtual ball cutting die type, and the Virtual Cutting part of model is circumscribed and surrounds cylinder emery wheel
Cutting edge, axis direction are consistent with cylinder emery wheel；
Step 12, virtual ball cutting die type virtual ball cutting die type radius r may be expressed as:
Cutter path control is arranged as ball knife for the cylinder emery wheel wrapped by virtual ball cutting die type when step 13, processing
It is processed, and rotated around cutter path control point, so that generating tool axis vector and curved surface point of contact normal vector keep slanted angle θ, to protect
Card grinding sword can participate in processing.
Further, the step 2 specifically includes:
The foundation of step 21, FREEFORM SURFACE MODEL uses Z-map model, obtains the point cloud of 3 d-dem, any one song
Face upper slitter point of contact is denoted as P0(x0,y0,z0), the curved surface incision superius law vector for acquiring the point is N (xn,yn,zn), when assuming that surround
The virtual ball cutting die type of cylinder emery wheel and the point of contact of processed curved surface are cut, this can acquire cutter path control point are as follows:
Step 22, transfer lathe a rotation C axis, allow virtual ball cutting die profile shaft line on workpiece coordinate XOY plane around
Cutter path control point rotates a certain angle, so that generating tool axis vector and curved surface point of contact normal vector spatially keep inclination to press from both sides
Angle θ, to guarantee that the grinding sword of the cylinder emery wheel wrapped by virtual ball cutting die type participates in processing.Because what is transferred is rotation C axis,
Therefore generating tool axis vector can be expressed as t (xt,yt, 0), according to conditions above, generating tool axis vector and curved surface point of contact normal vector meet with
Lower equation:
Wherein, T indicates generating tool axis vector, and N indicates curved surface point of contact law vector, therefore known curved surface point of contact normal vector and setting
Slanted angle θ, then can acquire generating tool axis vector；
Step 23 is formed by cutter path point cloud by the cutter path control point acquired, and the cutter shaft arrow acquired
Amount, can plan the four axis cutter paths for curve surface grinding.
Further, in step 3, the grinding uses four-axle linked axial NC grinding mode.
Further, the workpiece is hard brittle material.
Further, the cylinder emery wheel be skive, matrix be resin base, abrasive grain be 480~
4800 mesh.
Foundation that the emphasis of cutter path planning is virtual ball cutting die type and tool position point and tool space posture are really
It is fixed.Both the determination at the cutter path control point and generating tool axis vector spatial attitude angle of the virtual ball cutting die type of cylinder emery wheel.Cutter
TRAJECTORY CONTROL point can determine by the virtual ball cutting die type relationship tangent with processed curved surface point, and cutter-orientation then can be with
By setting about generating tool axis vector and processed curved surface point normal vector angle and known curved surface point of contact normal vector come
It determines.And it is realized by a rotary freedom of lathe.Having determined can after cutter path control point and cutter-orientation
Knife point of contact is gradually found on free form surface finds out cutter path point and adjustment cutter-orientation.Any cylinder emery wheel is established to use
In the cutter plan model of curve surface grinding, realize that cylinder emery wheel carries out four axis grinding-shapings to curved surface.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows the finishings for not needing to carry out cylinder emery wheel complexity, and
Interference processing is simple, and algorithm brief introduction is applied widely.Machine-shaping precision is high, and surface roughness is small, experiments have shown that this algorithm energy
The mirror effect similar to polishing is processed on optical glass surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is virtual ball knife model schematic.
Fig. 2 is four axis cutter path schematic diagram of cylinder emery wheel.
Fig. 3 is pattern error distribution schematic diagram after finishing.
Fig. 4 is that pattern compensates match point cloud schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that pattern compensates fitting routines schematic diagram.
Error distribution schematic diagram after Fig. 6 compensation processing.
As shown in the figure are as follows: 1- cylinder emery wheel；2- wheel grinding sword radius rw；3- generating tool axis vector；4- curved surface point of contact normal
Vector；5- slanted angle θ；6- virtual ball cutting die type；7- virtual ball cutting die type radius r；8- cutter path control point；9- knife is cut
Point；10- rotates C axis；11- workpiece coordinate XOY plane.
Specific embodiment
To be best understood from the present invention, the present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but this hair
Bright claimed range is not limited to range represented in embodiment.
As described in Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, a kind of cylinder emery wheel curve surface grinding method of virtual ball knife radius, comprising steps of
Step 1, the design of cylinder emery wheel attitude angle, are cut by virtual ball knife modelling cylinder emery wheel axis in curved surface
Inclination angle on point normal vector 4；
Step 2, planning cutter path, determine cutter rail according to curved surface point of contact normal vector 4 and virtual ball cutting die type 6
Mark guarantees inclination angle set by step 1 by a rotary shaft of lathe.
Step 3, using axial feed mode, grinding is carried out to the workpiece by the cutter path.
Specifically, the step 1 specifically includes:
Step 11 is cut according to the wheel grinding sword radius rw2 of cylinder emery wheel 1 and the generating tool axis vector 3 of needs about curved surface
The slanted angle θ 5 of point normal vector 4 is to design virtual ball cutting die type 6, and the Virtual Cutting part of model is circumscribed and surrounds circle
Cylindricality grinding wheel cutting edge, axis direction are consistent with cylinder emery wheel；
Step 12, virtual ball cutting die type virtual ball cutting die type radius r7 may be expressed as:
Cutter path is arranged as ball knife in the cylinder emery wheel 1 wrapped by virtual ball cutting die type 6 when step 13, processing
Control point 8, and rotated around cutter path control point 8, so that generating tool axis vector 3 and curved surface point of contact normal vector 4 keep slanted angle θ
5, to guarantee that grinding sword can participate in processing.
Specifically, the step 2 specifically includes:
The foundation of step 21, FREEFORM SURFACE MODEL uses Z-map model, obtains the point cloud of 3 d-dem, any one song
Face upper slitter point of contact (9) is denoted as P0(x0,y0,z0), the curved surface point of contact normal vector 4 for acquiring the point is N (xn,yn,zn), when assuming that packet
It is cut around the virtual ball cutting die type of cylinder emery wheel and the point of contact of processed curved surface, this can acquire cutter path control point
8 are as follows:
Step 22, a rotation C axis 10 for transferring lathe, allow virtual ball cutting die profile shaft line in workpiece coordinate XOY plane 11
On rotate a certain angle around cutter path control point 8 so that generating tool axis vector 3 and curved surface point of contact normal vector 4 are spatially
Slanted angle θ 5 is kept, to guarantee that the grinding sword of the cylinder emery wheel 1 wrapped by virtual ball cutting die type 6 participates in processing, because adjusting
Dynamic is a rotation C axis 10, therefore generating tool axis vector 3 can be expressed as t (xt,yt, 0), according to conditions above, generating tool axis vector 3 with
Curved surface point of contact normal vector 4 meets following equation:
Wherein, T indicate generating tool axis vector 3, N indicate curved surface point of contact law vector 4, therefore known curved surface point of contact normal vector 4 and
The slanted angle θ 5 of setting, then can acquire generating tool axis vector 3；
Step 23 is formed by cutter path point cloud by the cutter path control point 8 acquired, and the cutter shaft arrow acquired
Amount 3, can plan the four axis cutter paths for curve surface grinding.
Specifically, the grinding uses four-axle linked axial NC grinding mode in step 3.At one
It applies in example, using CNC precision five-axis (ULTRASONIC 20linear) equipment, cylinder emery wheel uses 480# metallic bond
Skive.Axial grinding of the grinding wheel having a size of 24 millimeters of diameter, 8 millimeters of thickness, for free form surface.Workpiece is type
The optical glass of number BAK3, a height of 56 millimeters * 14 millimeters * 13 millimeters of dimensioning modest ability * wide *, on 56 millimeters * 14 millimeters of surface
Processing a depth capacity is 3.9 millimeters, and length is 54 millimeters, the spill free form surface that width is 6 millimeters.Grinding wheel axis and work
Part longitudinal direction is parallel, is processed using the axial grinding method of 4 axis linkage.It 5000 revs/min of rough lapping grinding wheel speed, slightly grinds
Mill 800 mm/min of feed speed, 50 microns of rough lapping cutting depth；5000 revs/min of smooth grinding grinding wheel speed, smooth grinding
800 mm/min of feed speed, 20 microns of smooth grinding cutting depth；Zero grinding times are 1.Cutter shaft inclines with point normal is processed
Oblique angle theta is designed as 30 degree, is processed with above-mentioned four axis cutter track trajectory planning, and the curved surface obtained to processing detects,
Then with theoretical free-form surface matching, result is that free form surface form error average value is 0.96 micron, and peak-to-valley value PV is 6 micro-
Rice.
In another embodiment, using CNC precision five-axis (ULTRASONIC 20linear) equipment, cylinder emery wheel
Using 480# metal anchoring agent diamond wheel.Grinding wheel is having a size of 24 millimeters of diameter, 8 millimeters of thickness, with same processing conditions
The same curved surface is processed on same workpiece, the curved surface processed is detected, then with theoretical free-form surface matching.It is right
Matched error carries out data process of fitting treatment, obtains pattern compensated trajectory point cloud and compensation cutter track track.Cutter shaft with it is bent by compensation
The slanted angle θ in the direction of millet cake is designed as 30 degree, and cylinder emery wheel uses 4800# metal anchoring agent diamond wheel.Grinding wheel
Having a size of 24 millimeters of diameter, 8 millimeters of thickness.The compensation of curved surface pattern is carried out using same four axis cutter track trajectory planning.Grinding abrasive disk
8000 revs/min of revolving speed, 800 mm/min of rough lapping feed speed, 1 micron of rough lapping cutting depth.Zero grinding times are 1.
The curved surface obtained after compensation is detected, then with theoretical free-form surface matching.As a result average for free form surface form error
Value is 0.71 micron, and peak-to-valley value PV is 4 microns.Gained roughness is 0.054 micron.
The above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate examples made by the present invention, and is not to of the invention
The restriction of embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the art, it can also be made on the basis of the above description
Its various forms of variation or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the protection model of the claims in the present invention within mind and principle
Within enclosing.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cylinder emery wheel curve surface grinding method of virtual ball knife radius, which is characterized in that comprising steps of
Step 1, the design of cylinder emery wheel attitude angle, by virtual ball knife modelling cylinder emery wheel axis in curved surface node analysis
Inclination angle on line vector (4)；
Step 2, planning cutter path, determine cutter rail according to curved surface point of contact normal vector (4) and virtual ball cutting die type (6)
Mark guarantees inclination angle set by step 1 by a rotary shaft of lathe；
Step 3, using axial feed mode, grinding is carried out to workpiece by the cutter path；
The step 1 specifically includes:
Step 11, according to the wheel grinding sword radius rw (2) of cylinder emery wheel (1) and the generating tool axis vector (3) needed about curved surface
The inclination folder degree θ (5) of point of contact normal vector (4) designs virtual ball cutting die type (6), and the Virtual Cutting part of model is circumscribed and wraps
Around cylinder emery wheel cutting edge, axis direction and cylinder emery wheel (1) are consistent；
Virtual ball cutting die type radius r (7) expression of step 12, virtual ball cutting die type (6) are as follows:
Cutter path is arranged as ball knife in the cylinder emery wheel (1) wrapped by virtual ball cutting die type (6) when step 13, processing
Control point (8), cutter path control point (8) rotation, so that generating tool axis vector (3) and curved surface point of contact normal vector (4) keep tilting
Folder degree θ (5), to guarantee that grinding sword can participate in processing.
2. the cylinder emery wheel curve surface grinding method of virtual ball knife radius according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step 2 specifically includes:
The foundation of step 21, FREEFORM SURFACE MODEL uses Z-map model, obtains the point cloud of 3 d-dem, on any one curved surface
Knife point of contact (9) is denoted as P0(x0,y0,z0), the curved surface incision superius law vector (4) for acquiring the point is N (xn,yn,zn), when assuming that wrapping
The virtual ball cutting die type of cylinder emery wheel and the point of contact of processed curved surface cut, this can acquire cutter path control point
(8) are as follows:
Step 22, a rotation C axis (10) for transferring lathe, allow virtual ball cutting die profile shaft line in workpiece coordinate XOY plane (11)
On rotate a certain angle around cutter path control point (8) so that generating tool axis vector (3) and curved surface point of contact normal vector (4) are in sky
Between on slanted angle θ (5), to guarantee that the grinding sword of cylinder emery wheel (1) wrap by virtual ball cutting die type (6) participates in adding
Work, because what is transferred is rotation C axis (10), generating tool axis vector (3) can be expressed as T (xt,yt, 0), according to conditions above, knife
Axial vector (3) and curved surface point of contact normal vector (4) meet following equation:
Wherein, T indicates generating tool axis vector (3), and N indicates curved surface point of contact law vector (4), therefore known curved surface point of contact normal vector (4)
And the slanted angle θ (5) of setting, then it can acquire generating tool axis vector (3)；
Step 23 is formed by cutter path point cloud, and the generating tool axis vector acquired by the cutter path control point (8) acquired
(3), the four axis cutter paths for curve surface grinding can be planned.
3. the cylinder emery wheel curve surface grinding method of virtual ball knife radius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Workpiece is hard brittle material.
4. the cylinder emery wheel curve surface grinding method of virtual ball knife radius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Cylinder emery wheel (1) is diamond cylinder emery wheel, and matrix is Metal Substrate, and abrasive grain is 480~4800 mesh.
5. the cylinder emery wheel curve surface grinding method of virtual ball knife radius according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
In 3, the grinding uses four-axle linked axial NC grinding mode.
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| CN107309720B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-02-22 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | The method for grinding and grinding trajectory design method of gradual change chamfering tool |
| CN108436602B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-04-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for grinding free-form surface by using grinding wheel with unfinished near-arc section |
| TWI667559B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-08-01 | 國立臺灣科技大學 | Automatic surface error compensation method and computer program product therefor |
| CN109299514B (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2023-06-16 | 天津大学 | Grinding wheel path generation method for grinding free curved surface by inclined shaft |
| CN109176224B (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-05-05 | 天津大学 | Grinding wheel path generation method for grinding free-form surface by single point of inclined shaft |
| CN110355615B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-02-19 | 西南交通大学 | Grinding wheel track solving method for ball end mill end blade gap grinding process |
| CN110355614B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-05-18 | 西南交通大学 | Grinding wheel track solving method for integral end mill cutter body gap grinding process |
| CN112676623B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-03-24 | 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 | Interference-free directional milling method for turbocharger impeller |
| CN113319656B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-09-23 | 泉州华中科技大学智能制造研究院 | Grinding method for special-shaped workpiece |
| CN115502892B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-02-28 | 山西恒跃锻造有限公司 | Method and system for removing surface material of steel material during ultra-precise grinding |
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| CN1186157C (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2005-01-26 | 西安交通大学 | Drum taper tool and method for side milling complex cambered centrifugal impeller using drum taper tool |
| JP2006334767A (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-14 | Nidec Sankyo Corp | Manufacturing method of optical element and the optical element |
| JP5405720B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2014-02-05 | 株式会社ニデック | Eyeglass lens processing equipment |
| CN101859130A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2010-10-13 | 山东潍坊福田模具有限责任公司 | Numerical control machining method of practical cutter shaft direction deviating from programming cutter shaft direction |
| CN104385083B (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-08-24 | 天津大学 | Cup emery wheel variable location basic circle convex surface workpiece grinding processing method |
| CN204800028U (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-11-25 | 晋城鸿刃科技有限公司 | Ball sword |
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