CN106849509B - Hollow rotor cooling structure of ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor - Google Patents
Hollow rotor cooling structure of ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106849509B CN106849509B CN201710274731.9A CN201710274731A CN106849509B CN 106849509 B CN106849509 B CN 106849509B CN 201710274731 A CN201710274731 A CN 201710274731A CN 106849509 B CN106849509 B CN 106849509B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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Abstract
The hollow rotor cooling structure of the ultra-high speed permanent magnet motor is characterized in that a rotating shaft adopts a hollow structure, and a central pore canal of the rotating shaft is a rotor axial cooling water channel; the outer part of the shell is sleeved with a cooling water jacket, and a stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel is arranged in the cooling water jacket; one end of the cooling water jacket is provided with a water inlet cooling end cover which is sleeved at one end of the rotating shaft; the other end of the cooling water jacket is provided with a water outlet cooling end cover which is sleeved at the other end of the rotating shaft; the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel is communicated with the water outlet cooling end cover sequentially through the water inlet cooling end cover and the rotor axial cooling water channel; the cooling water jacket is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, the cooling water inlet is communicated with the water inlet end of the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel, and the cooling water outlet is communicated with the water outlet end of the water outlet cooling end cover. The invention realizes stator cooling and rotor cooling for the first time, effectively improves cooling efficiency, and has the characteristics of simple cooling structure, low cooling cost, no wind abrasion and long safety operation life of the motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motors, and particularly relates to a hollow rotor cooling structure of an ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor.
Background
The ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor has the characteristics of simple structure, high force energy density, no excitation loss and high efficiency, can be directly connected with a work load to realize direct drive, and has wide application prospects in the technical fields of high-speed grinding machines, air circulation refrigeration systems, energy storage flywheels, high-speed centrifugal compressors, blowers, aerospace and the like.
However, under high-speed and high-frequency conditions, the stator loss, the rotor eddy current loss and the wind abrasion of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor are obviously increased due to the high fundamental frequency, and the situation that the motor is overheated easily occurs due to the difficulty in heat dissipation of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor, so that the permanent magnet is irreversibly demagnetized.
In order to avoid overheating of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor, technicians have developed various cooling structures successively, which can be divided into an air cooling structure, a water cooling structure, an oil cooling structure and a hydrogen cooling structure.
At present, air cooling structures are most common, and mainly because the cooling structures are the simplest and the cooling cost is the lowest, but the cooling effect is the most common, and especially the air cooling mode also increases the wind abrasion and also accompanies larger noise.
The cooling structure is substantially the same as the oil cooling structure, and the main difference is the cooling medium, but the current water cooling structure and the oil cooling structure are only aimed at the cooling of the stator, and the cooling of the rotor is not considered, so the cooling effect still needs to be improved.
For the hydrogen cooling structure, it is classified into surface cooling and inner cooling, and the surface cooling can reduce the surface temperature of the winding, but the temperature in the insulating layer is hardly changed, so the cooling effect is not ideal; the internal cooling is realized by clamping a hollow steel pipe in a solid copper wire and allowing hydrogen to flow through the steel pipe so as to further conduct out heat in the copper wire, but the internal cooling is only suitable for a large-scale generator, so that the application range is smaller.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the hollow rotor cooling structure of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor, which can realize the cooling of the rotor while the stator is cooled for the first time, effectively improve the cooling efficiency on the premise of not increasing the structural size of the whole machine, has the characteristics of simple cooling structure, low cooling cost, no wind abrasion and high safe operation life of the motor, and is particularly suitable for the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor with high power density.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the hollow rotor cooling structure of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor comprises a shell, an end cover, a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator comprises a stator iron core, a stator winding and a stator pressing plate, and the rotor comprises a rotating shaft, a permanent magnet and a carbon fiber sheath; the stator iron core is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the shell, the stator winding is fixedly arranged on the stator iron core, and the stator pressing plates are fixedly arranged at two ends of the stator iron core; the end covers are fixedly arranged at two ends of the shell, the rotating shaft is connected with the end covers through bearings, the permanent magnets are fixedly arranged on the surfaces of the rotating shaft, and the carbon fiber sheath is sleeved outside the permanent magnets; the method is characterized in that: the rotating shaft adopts a hollow structure, and a central pore canal of the rotating shaft is a rotor axial cooling water channel; a cooling water jacket is sleeved outside the shell, and a stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel is arranged inside the cooling water jacket; one end of the cooling water jacket is provided with a water inlet cooling end cover, and the water inlet cooling end cover is sleeved at one end of the rotating shaft; a water outlet cooling end cover is arranged at the other end of the cooling water jacket, and the water outlet cooling end cover is sleeved at the other end of the rotating shaft; the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel is communicated with the water outlet cooling end cover sequentially through the water inlet cooling end cover and the rotor axial cooling water channel; the cooling water jacket is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, the cooling water inlet is communicated with the water inlet end of the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel, and the cooling water outlet is communicated with the water outlet end of the water outlet cooling end cover.
The stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel adopts a parallel double-spiral water channel.
The water inlet cooling end cover is internally provided with a water inlet circumferential side annular water channel, a water inlet radial water channel and a water inlet center side annular water channel, the water inlet circumferential side annular water channel is communicated with the water outlet end of the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel, and the water inlet circumferential side annular water channel is communicated with the water inlet center side annular water channel through the water inlet radial water channel; a rotary shaft water inlet hole is formed in the rotary shaft opposite to the rotary shaft water inlet hole, and the rotary shaft water inlet hole is communicated with the rotor axial cooling water channel; the rotary shaft is in rotary sealing fit with the water inlet cooling end cover through the seal.
The rotating shaft water inlets are uniformly distributed; the axial center line of the water inlet hole of the rotating shaft and the outer surface of the rotating shaft have an inclination angle, and the inclination angle ranges from 30 degrees to 40 degrees.
The number of the water inlet radial water channels is several, and the water inlet radial water channels are uniformly distributed.
A water outlet circumference side annular water channel, a water outlet radial water channel and a water outlet circle center side annular water channel are arranged in the water outlet cooling end cover; the circular water channel at the water outlet circumference side is communicated with the cooling water outlet, and the circular water channel at the water outlet circumference side is communicated with the circular water channel at the water outlet center side through the radial water channel; a rotary shaft water outlet hole is formed in the rotary shaft opposite to the circular water channel at the water outlet center side, and the circular water channel at the water outlet center side is communicated with the axial cooling water channel of the rotor through the rotary shaft water outlet hole; and the two sides of the annular water channel at the center side of the water outlet are provided with seals, and the rotating shaft is in rotary sealing fit with the water outlet cooling end cover through the seals.
The number of the water outlets of the rotating shaft is several, and the water outlets of the rotating shaft are uniformly distributed; the axial center line of the water outlet hole of the rotating shaft and the outer surface of the rotating shaft have an inclination angle, and the inclination angle ranges from 30 degrees to 40 degrees.
The number of the water outlet radial water channels is several, and the water outlet radial water channels are uniformly distributed.
The aperture of the water outlet hole of the rotating shaft is larger than that of the water inlet hole of the rotating shaft.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the invention realizes the cooling of the stator and simultaneously satisfies the cooling of the rotor for the first time, effectively improves the cooling efficiency on the premise of not increasing the structural size of the whole machine, has the characteristics of simple cooling structure, low cooling cost, no wind abrasion and high safe operation life of the motor, and is particularly suitable for the ultra-high speed permanent magnet motor with high power density.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hollow rotor cooling structure of an ultra-high speed permanent magnet motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;
in the figure, 1-casing, 2-end cover, 3-stator core, 4-stator winding, 5-stator pressing plate, 6-rotating shaft, 7-permanent magnet, 8-carbon fiber sheath, 9-bearing, 10-rotor axial cooling water channel, 11-cooling water jacket, 12-stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel, 13-inlet cooling end cover, 14-outlet cooling end cover, 15-cooling water inlet, 16-cooling water outlet, 17-inlet circumferential side annular water channel, 18-inlet radial water channel, 19-inlet center side annular water channel, 20-rotating shaft water inlet hole, 21-outlet circumferential side annular water channel, 22-outlet radial water channel, 23-outlet center side annular water channel, 24-rotating shaft water outlet hole and 25-sealing.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the hollow rotor cooling structure of the ultra-high speed permanent magnet motor comprises a shell 1, an end cover 2, a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator comprises a stator core 3, a stator winding 4 and a stator pressing plate 5, and the rotor comprises a rotating shaft 6, a permanent magnet 7 and a carbon fiber sheath 8; the stator core 3 is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the shell 1, the stator winding 4 is fixedly arranged on the stator core 3, and the stator pressing plates 5 are fixedly arranged at two ends of the stator core 3; the end covers 2 are fixedly arranged at two ends of the shell 1, the rotating shaft 6 is connected with the end covers 2 through bearings 9, the permanent magnets 7 are fixedly arranged on the surfaces of the rotating shaft 6, and the carbon fiber sheaths 8 are sleeved on the outer sides of the permanent magnets 7; the rotating shaft 6 adopts a hollow structure, and a central pore canal of the rotating shaft 6 is a rotor axial cooling water channel 10; a cooling water jacket 11 is sleeved outside the shell 1, and a stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel 12 is arranged inside the cooling water jacket 11; one end of the cooling water jacket 11 is provided with a water inlet cooling end cover 13, and the water inlet cooling end cover 13 is sleeved at one end of the rotating shaft 6; the other end of the cooling water jacket 11 is provided with a water outlet cooling end cover 14, and the water outlet cooling end cover 14 is sleeved at the other end of the rotating shaft 6; the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel 12 is communicated with the water outlet cooling end cover 14 sequentially through the water inlet cooling end cover 13 and the rotor axial cooling water channel 10; the cooling water jacket 11 is provided with a cooling water inlet 15 and a cooling water outlet 16, the cooling water inlet 15 is communicated with the water inlet end of the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel 12, and the cooling water outlet 16 is communicated with the water outlet end of the water outlet cooling end cover 14.
The stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel 12 adopts a parallel double-spiral water channel, so that the heat dissipation area can be effectively increased while the on-way resistance is reduced, and meanwhile, the heat generated by stator loss is effectively taken away, so that the temperature rise of the stator is more uniform, and the reduction of the service life of the motor caused by the overhigh local temperature rise is avoided.
A water inlet circumferential side annular water channel 17, a water inlet radial water channel 18 and a water inlet circle center side annular water channel 19 are arranged in the water inlet cooling end cover 13, the water inlet circumferential side annular water channel 17 is communicated with the water outlet end of the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel 12, and the water inlet circumferential side annular water channel 17 is communicated with the water inlet circle center side annular water channel 19 through the water inlet radial water channel 18; a rotary shaft water inlet hole 20 is formed in the rotary shaft 6 opposite to the rotary shaft water inlet circular water channel 19, and the rotary shaft water inlet circular water channel 19 is communicated with the rotor axial cooling water channel 10 through the rotary shaft water inlet hole 20; the sealing 25 is arranged on the two sides of the inlet water center side annular water channel 19 in the axial direction, and the rotary shaft 6 is in rotary sealing fit with the inlet water cooling end cover 13 through the sealing 25.
The number of the spindle water inlet holes 20 is several, and the spindle water inlet holes 20 are uniformly distributed, in this embodiment, four spindle water inlet holes 20 are provided; the axial center line of the rotary shaft water inlet hole 20 and the outer surface of the rotary shaft 6 have an inclination angle, and the inclination angle ranges from 30 degrees to 40 degrees.
The number of the water inlet radial water channels 18 is several, and the water inlet radial water channels 18 are uniformly distributed. In this embodiment, four radial water channels 18 are provided.
A water outlet circumference side annular water channel 21, a water outlet radial water channel 22 and a water outlet center side annular water channel 23 are arranged in the water outlet cooling end cover 14; the water outlet circumference side annular water channel 21 is communicated with the cooling water outlet 16, and the water outlet circumference side annular water channel 21 is communicated with the water outlet circle center side annular water channel 23 through a water outlet radial water channel 22; a rotary shaft water outlet hole 24 is formed in the rotary shaft 6 opposite to the water outlet circular center side annular water channel 23, and the water outlet circular center side annular water channel 23 is communicated with the rotor axial cooling water channel 10 through the rotary shaft water outlet hole 24; and seals 25 are arranged on the two sides of the water outlet center side annular water channel 23 in the axial direction, and the rotating shaft 6 is in rotary sealing fit with the water outlet cooling end cover 14 through the seals 25.
The number of the spindle water outlets 24 is a plurality of, and the spindle water outlets 24 are uniformly distributed. In this embodiment, four spindle water outlets 24 are provided; the axial center line of the rotary shaft water outlet hole 24 and the outer surface of the rotary shaft 6 have an inclination angle, and the inclination angle ranges from 30 degrees to 40 degrees.
The number of the water outlet radial water channels 22 is a plurality, and the water outlet radial water channels 22 are uniformly distributed. In this embodiment, four radial water channels 22 are provided.
The aperture of the spindle water outlet hole 24 is larger than that of the spindle water inlet hole 20, so that the pressure drop of the water inlet and the water outlet of the whole cooling water channel system can be effectively increased, and the water flow in the whole cooling water channel system is smoother. In this embodiment, the aperture of the spindle water outlet hole 24 is 10mm, and the aperture of the spindle water inlet hole 20 is 8mm.
The use of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
firstly, the cooling water inlet 15 is communicated with a water supply port of a cooling water circulation system, and meanwhile, the cooling water outlet 16 is communicated with a water return port of the cooling water circulation system, and then the cooling water circulation system is started, and the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor is started.
The cooling water firstly enters the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel 12 in the cooling water jacket 11 through the cooling water inlet 15, and flows in the circumferential spiral cooling water channel 12, so that heat generated by stator loss is taken away, the temperature rise of the stator is more uniform, and the reduction of the service life of the motor caused by overhigh local temperature rise is avoided.
The cooling water directly flows into the water inlet circumference side annular water channel 17 of the water inlet cooling end cover 13 from the water outlet end of the stator circumference spiral cooling water channel 12, then flows into the water inlet circumference side annular water channel 19 through the water inlet radial water channel 18, the water inlet circumference side annular water channel 19 has a certain water storage capacity, in the high-speed rotation process of the rotating shaft 6, the cooling water in the water inlet circumference side annular water channel 19 uniformly and continuously flows into the rotor axial cooling water channel 10 through the rotating shaft water inlet holes 20, and as the axial center line of the rotating shaft water outlet holes 24 and the outer surface of the rotating shaft 6 have inclination angles, the cooling water can further ensure that the cooling water uniformly and continuously flows into the rotor axial cooling water channel 10, the cooling water flows in the rotor axial cooling water channel 10, the heat generated by rotor loss is directly taken away, the temperature rise of the rotor is more uniform, the deformation of the rotor due to uneven temperature rise is avoided, the heat in the bearing 9 can also be directly taken away, and the service life of the bearing 9 is further improved.
The cooling water flows out of the rotating shaft 6 from the rotating shaft water outlet hole 24, directly enters the water outlet center side annular water channel 23 of the water outlet cooling end cover 14, then enters the water outlet circumference side annular water channel 21 through the water outlet radial water channel 22, and finally flows out from the cooling water outlet 16.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather are intended to cover all equivalent implementations or modifications that can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The hollow rotor cooling structure of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor comprises a shell, an end cover, a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator comprises a stator iron core, a stator winding and a stator pressing plate, and the rotor comprises a rotating shaft, a permanent magnet and a carbon fiber sheath; the stator iron core is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the shell, the stator winding is fixedly arranged on the stator iron core, and the stator pressing plates are fixedly arranged at two ends of the stator iron core; the end covers are fixedly arranged at two ends of the shell, the rotating shaft is connected with the end covers through bearings, the permanent magnets are fixedly arranged on the surfaces of the rotating shaft, and the carbon fiber sheath is sleeved outside the permanent magnets; the method is characterized in that: the rotating shaft adopts a hollow structure, and a central pore canal of the rotating shaft is a rotor axial cooling water channel; a cooling water jacket is sleeved outside the shell, and a stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel is arranged inside the cooling water jacket; one end of the cooling water jacket is provided with a water inlet cooling end cover, and the water inlet cooling end cover is sleeved at one end of the rotating shaft; a water outlet cooling end cover is arranged at the other end of the cooling water jacket, and the water outlet cooling end cover is sleeved at the other end of the rotating shaft; the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel is communicated with the water outlet cooling end cover sequentially through the water inlet cooling end cover and the rotor axial cooling water channel; a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are arranged on the cooling water jacket, the cooling water inlet is communicated with the water inlet end of the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel, and the cooling water outlet is communicated with the water outlet end of the water outlet cooling end cover; the water inlet cooling end cover is internally provided with a water inlet circumferential side annular water channel, a water inlet radial water channel and a water inlet center side annular water channel, the water inlet circumferential side annular water channel is communicated with the water outlet end of the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel, and the water inlet circumferential side annular water channel is communicated with the water inlet center side annular water channel through the water inlet radial water channel; a rotary shaft water inlet hole is formed in the rotary shaft opposite to the rotary shaft water inlet hole, and the rotary shaft water inlet hole is communicated with the rotor axial cooling water channel; the water inlet cooling end covers are provided with seals at two sides of the water inlet center side annular water channel in the axial direction, and the rotating shaft is in rotary sealing fit with the water inlet cooling end covers through the seals; a water outlet circumference side annular water channel, a water outlet radial water channel and a water outlet circle center side annular water channel are arranged in the water outlet cooling end cover; the circular water channel at the water outlet circumference side is communicated with the cooling water outlet, and the circular water channel at the water outlet circumference side is communicated with the circular water channel at the water outlet center side through the radial water channel; a rotary shaft water outlet hole is formed in the rotary shaft opposite to the circular water channel at the water outlet center side, and the circular water channel at the water outlet center side is communicated with the axial cooling water channel of the rotor through the rotary shaft water outlet hole; and the two sides of the annular water channel at the center side of the water outlet are provided with seals, and the rotating shaft is in rotary sealing fit with the water outlet cooling end cover through the seals.
2. The cooling structure of the hollow rotor of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein: the stator circumferential spiral cooling water channel adopts a parallel double-spiral water channel.
3. The cooling structure of the hollow rotor of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein: the rotating shaft water inlets are uniformly distributed; the axial center line of the water inlet hole of the rotating shaft and the outer surface of the rotating shaft have an inclination angle, and the inclination angle ranges from 30 degrees to 40 degrees.
4. The cooling structure of the hollow rotor of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the water inlet radial water channels is several, and the water inlet radial water channels are uniformly distributed.
5. The cooling structure of the hollow rotor of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the water outlets of the rotating shaft is several, and the water outlets of the rotating shaft are uniformly distributed; the axial center line of the water outlet hole of the rotating shaft and the outer surface of the rotating shaft have an inclination angle, and the inclination angle ranges from 30 degrees to 40 degrees.
6. The cooling structure of the hollow rotor of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the water outlet radial water channels is several, and the water outlet radial water channels are uniformly distributed.
7. The cooling structure of the hollow rotor of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein: the aperture of the water outlet hole of the rotating shaft is larger than that of the water inlet hole of the rotating shaft.
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| CN201710274731.9A CN106849509B (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2017-04-25 | Hollow rotor cooling structure of ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor |
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| CN201710274731.9A CN106849509B (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2017-04-25 | Hollow rotor cooling structure of ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motor |
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| CN106849509B true CN106849509B (en) | 2023-06-06 |
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| JPH1014161A (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1998-01-16 | Yaskawa Electric Corp | Bearing cooling device of fully closed rotary electric machine |
| CN1937365A (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2007-03-28 | 中国南车集团株洲电力机车研究所 | Water cooling method and structure for traction electric machine |
| CN101645632A (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2010-02-10 | 华中科技大学 | Stator water cooling device of external rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine |
| CN203967885U (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-11-26 | 常州市翰琪电机有限公司 | A kind of multi-pore channel water-cooled electricity main shaft |
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