CN106842670B - 柔性基板 - Google Patents
柔性基板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及显示技术领域。本发明提出了一种柔性基板,包括自下而上依次设置的第一层膜和第二层膜,第二层膜设置为能够抵消第一层膜产生的双折射效应,消除柔性基板的相位延迟,从而提升了显示效果,同时避免了膜厚增加对基板产生的影响。同时,本发明提出的柔性基板能够根据实际需要确定柔性基板的厚度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域,尤其涉及一种柔性基板。
背景技术
显示器件如LCD和OLED等作为信息交换和传递的主要载体和物质基础,已经成为越来越多人关注的焦点,并广泛应用在工作和生活的方方面面。近年来,柔性显示成为业界及消费者青睐的对象,特别是柔性TFT-LCD及柔性OLED等已经逐渐发展成为最有前景的高科技产业。来自不同的研究机构和企业等均推出了各式各样的柔性显示设备,如电视屏幕、手机屏幕、穿戴设备、大型商业显示屏、电脑等。其中,LCD和OLED作为柔性显示的两个重要发展领域,在柔性显示屏开发的过程中面临着同样的问题,即柔性基板的材料和制程。
实现柔性显示技术不仅需要提升设计和制造技术,而且需要加强各种关键材料的研发与产业化。柔性基板作为柔性器件的支撑与保护组件,不仅对器件的显示品质有着重要影响,而且直接关系到器件的使用寿命,因此柔性基板的研制与开发对实现柔性显示的发展至关重要。
柔性显示器件对基板材料的性能要求主要体现在以下方面:(1)耐热性和高温尺寸稳定性,这是由显示屏的制程和工艺要求决定的。制程和工艺中的高温会导致基板高温变形,从而降低对位精度,而且基板尺寸变化过大会出现材料界面间的内应力引起的显示效果不良及弯曲时的层与层之间的剥离。(2)柔韧性要求,柔性显示器的发展趋势为平面型→可弯曲型→可卷曲型→可折叠型,其弯曲半径呈现越来越小的趋势,基板也会越来越薄。(3)阻水阻氧的特性,柔性显示器的显示介质,尤其是OLED中的有机材料在暴露于水汽和氧气的环境中时,性能会很快恶化,因此,柔性基板要具有尽可能低的水汽透过率及氧气透过率。(4)表面平坦化要求,基板材料的表面质量如粗糙度、清洁度等对基板的机械性能和器件的显示效果有很大的影响。
目前作为柔性显示器件的基板材料主要包括超薄玻璃、金属箔及聚合物薄膜等。综合柔性基板的特性要求,聚合物薄膜在光学性能、机械性能和化学性能等方面具有独特的优势,而且具有较强的量产性,且适用于任何尺寸,成本较低,因此在柔性显示的发展中受到了广泛的重视。常见的聚合物基板材料有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚碳酸酯(PC)以及聚酰亚胺(PI)等,其中PI基板材料以其优良的耐高温性、穿透率、力学性能以及耐化学稳定性而备受关注,其刚性的聚亚胺环赋予了PI优异的综合性能,从而使得PI成为柔性基板的首选材料。
但是,传统的PI膜具有较大的相位延迟,例如,通过旋涂法形成的PI膜在厚度方向具有相位延迟,且随着厚度的增加,相位延迟增加,即具有双折射效应。对于显示器件来说,柔性基板在厚度方向上的相位延迟(双折射)容易造成侧视角方向的漏光,从而影响显示效果。
发明内容
为了降低现有技术中PI膜构成的柔性基板的相位延迟特性,消除其双折射率,提升显示效果,本发明提出了一种柔性基板,该柔性基板的综合性能得以提升,能够实现柔性基板的轻薄化,从而实现显示器件的超薄化。
本发明提出的柔性基板,包括自下而上依次设置的第一层膜和第二层膜,所述第二层膜设置为能够抵消所述第一层膜产生的双折射效应,消除相位延迟。在一个优选的实施例中,所述第一层膜为光轴与膜面垂直的负性PI膜。
该柔性基板,由于第二层膜能够抵消第一层膜产生的双折射效应,从而消除了相位延迟,这样就避免了膜厚增加对基板产生的影响。尤其当第一层膜为负性PI膜时,即第一层膜为负性C-Plate的PI膜,使得该柔性基板具有优良的耐高温性、穿透率、力学性能以及耐化学稳定性。
作为对本发明的柔性基板的进一步改进,构成所述第二层膜的材料包括正单轴性高分子材料。由于第一层膜为光轴与膜面垂直的负性PI膜,因此第二层膜需要使用正单轴性高分子材料,正单轴性高分子材料能够抵消负性PI膜产生的双折射效应,从而能够消除相位延迟,提升显示效果。
优选地,正单轴性高分子材料包括正单轴性液晶。液晶材料为显示技术领域常用的材料,且正单轴性液晶具有能够抵消负性PI膜的双折射效应的特性,因此,当使用正单轴性液晶作为第二层膜时,大大降低了工艺的难度,节省了成本。
在另一个优选的实施例中,第二层膜包括正单轴性液晶层和至少一层保护膜,且液晶层设置在第一层膜和保护膜之间。所述保护膜为光轴与膜面垂直的负性PI膜。
液晶具有各向异性结构,能够产生双折射效应,正单轴性液晶层产生的双折射效应能够抵消第一层膜和保护膜产生的负性双折射效应,消除相位延迟,提升显示效果。这就避免了膜厚增加对基板产生的影响,因此,可以根据实际需求设置保护膜的层数,进而根据需要确定柔性基板的厚度。
作为对本发明的柔性基板的改进,第一层膜包括至少一层基底膜,所述基底膜为光轴与膜面垂直的负性PI膜。第二层膜包括正单轴性液晶层和至少一层保护膜,所述液晶层设置在所述第一层膜和所述保护膜之间。
这种结构设置的柔性基板,同样能够达到消除相位延迟、提升显示效果的作用。同时避免了膜厚增加对基板产生的影响,因此,可以根据实际需要设置基底膜和保护膜的层数,进而根据需要确定柔性基板的厚度。
作为对本发明的进一步改进,所述第二层膜包括数量相等的正单轴性液晶层和保护膜,所述正单轴性液晶层和所述保护膜依次交替设置,所述第一层膜设置在所述第二层膜的正单轴性液晶层侧。进一步,所述第一层膜为光轴与膜面垂直的负性聚酰亚胺膜。进一步,所述保护膜为光轴与膜面垂直的负性聚酰亚胺膜。
这种设置的柔性基板,多层正单轴性液晶层能够抵消负性PI膜产生的双折射效应,消除了相位延迟。正单轴性液晶层和保护膜的数量可以根据基板的厚度需要设定。
作为对PI膜的进一步改进,构成所述PI膜的聚酰亚胺中含有硫基团。
分子结构中含有的高摩尔折射率、低摩尔体积的聚合物通常具有较高的折射率。研究结果表明,当向PI薄膜中引入含硫基团从而增加薄膜中的硫元素时,PI膜的折射率增加,同时,聚酰亚胺分子结构中含有的柔性硫醚链节能够有效抑制分子链沿着薄膜平面方向的取向,从而降低了PI膜的双折射率,提升了柔性基板的显示效果。
本发明同时提出了一种柔性显示面板,该柔性显示面板包含本发明提出的柔性基板。
本发明提出的柔性基板,第二层膜设置为能够抵消第一层膜产生的双折射效应,从而消除了相位延迟,提升了显示效果,同时避免了膜厚增加对基板产生的影响,从而可以根据实际需要柔性基板的厚度。本发明提出的柔性显示面板,由于具有本发明提出的柔性基板,从而使得显示效果大大提升,同时实现了超薄化设计。
附图说明
在下文中将基于实施例并参考附图来对本发明进行更详细的描述。其中:
图1为本发明实施例一中的柔性基板的结构示意图;
图2a为本发明实施例二中包含一层保护膜的柔性基板的结构示意图;
图2b为本发明实施例二中的包含两层保护膜的柔性基板的结构示意图;
图3a为本发明实施例三中包含两层基底膜和一层保护膜的柔性基板的结构示意图;
图3b为本发明实施例三中包含两层基底膜和两层保护膜的柔性基板的结构示意图;
图4为本发明实施例五中的柔性基板的结构示意图。
在附图中,相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。附图并未按照实际的比例。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图对本发明的内容作出详细的说明,下文中的“上”“下”“左”“右”均为相对于图示方向,不应理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例一:
图1为本实施例中的柔性基板的结构示意图,从图1中可以看出,该柔性基板包括自下而上依次设置的第一层膜11和第二层膜12,第二层膜12设置为能够抵消第一层膜11产生的双折射效应,消除相位延迟。当光线沿法线方向穿过第一层膜11时,在第一层膜11的厚度方向上会产生双折射效应,进而出现相位延迟,而且随着第一层膜11厚度的增加,相位延迟也增加,影响了显示效果,当第二层膜12消除第一层膜11产生的双折射效果后,同样消除了相位延迟,提升了显示效果,同时避免了由于膜厚增加对基板的影响。
优选地,第一层膜11为光轴与膜面垂直的负性PI膜。PI膜具有的优良的耐高温性、穿透率、力学性能以及耐化学稳定性进一步提升了柔性基板的品质。此时,构成第二层膜12的材料包括正单轴性高分子材料,此种材料构成的第二层膜能够抵消负性PI膜产生的双折射效应,消除相位延迟。优选地,正单轴性高分子材料为正单轴性液晶材料。液晶材料为显示技术领域常用的材料,且正单轴性液晶材料具有能够抵消负性PI膜的双折射效应的特性,因此,当使用正单轴性液晶材料作为第二层膜时,大大降低了工艺的难度,节省了制造成本。
实施例二:
图2a为本实施例中的柔性基板的结构示意图。从图2中可以看出,该柔性基板自下而上依次设置有第一层膜21和第二层膜22,在这里,第二层膜22设置为能够抵消第一层膜21产生的双折射效应,消除相位延迟。当光线沿法线方向穿过第一层膜21时,在第一层膜21的厚度方向会产生双折射效应,进而出现相位延迟,而且随着第一层膜11厚度的增加,影响显示效果,当第二层膜22消除第一层膜21产生的双折射效果后,同样消除了相位延迟,提升了显示效果,同时避免了由于膜厚增加对基板的影响。
从图2a中可以看出,第二层膜22进一步包括正单轴性液晶层221和至少一层保护膜222,且正单轴性液晶层221设置在第一层膜21和保护膜222之间,优选地,第一层膜21和保护膜222均为光轴与膜面垂直的负性PI膜。此时,本实施例中的柔性基板可简单理解为由两层具有相同双折射性的PI膜和位于二者中间的正单轴性液晶层构成,这里的液晶层能够作为PI膜的补偿膜,从而抵消PI膜产生的相位延迟,达到消除双折射改善视野角的目的。
由于第二层膜22消除了第一层膜21的双折射效应,因此,就能避免膜厚增加对基板产生的影响,所以,在本实施例中,可以根据实际需要设置保护膜222的层数,进而改变柔性基板的厚度,如图2b为本实施例中包含两层保护膜222的柔性基板结构示意图。
实施例三:
图3a为本实施例中的柔性基板的结构示意图。与实施例二不同的是,在本实施例中,第一层膜21包括至少一层基底膜211,优选地,基底膜211为光轴与膜面垂直的负性PI膜。
本实施例中的柔性基板可以达到与实施例二中的柔性基板相同的技术效果。在本实施例中,可以通过同时设置基底膜211和保护膜222的层数,改变柔性基板的厚度,图3b为本实施例中包含两层基底膜211和两层保护膜222的柔性基板结构示意图。
实施例四:
在本实施例中,可以采用实施例一至三中任意一种柔性基板的结构方式,不同的是,本实施例中的构成PI膜的聚酰亚胺中包含硫基团。研究结果表明,当向PI薄膜中引入含硫基团从而增加薄膜中的硫元素时,PI膜的折射率增加,同时,聚酰亚胺分子结构中含有的柔性硫醚链节能够有效抑制分子链沿着薄膜平面方向的取向,从而降低了PI膜的双折射率,提升了柔性基板的显示效果。
实施例五:
图4为本实施例的柔性基板的结构示意图。从图4中可以看出,第二层膜32包括数量相等的正单轴性液晶层221和保护膜222,且正单轴性液晶层221和保护膜222一次交替设置,第一层膜31设置在第二层膜32的正单轴性液晶层221侧。优选地,第一层膜31为光轴与膜面垂直的负性PI膜。优选地,保护膜222为光轴与膜面垂直的负性PI膜。通过实施例一至四中的内容,显然,本实施例中的保护膜也可以设置成多层负性C-Plate的PI膜叠加,第二层膜32也可以设置成多层负性C-Plate的PI膜叠加。同理,构成PI膜的聚酰亚胺中也可以包含硫基团。
这种设置的柔性基板,多层正单轴性液晶层能够抵消负性PI膜产生的双折射效应,消除了相位延迟。正单轴性液晶层和保护膜的数量可以根据基板的厚度需要设定。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换。尤其是,只要不存在结构上的冲突,各实施例中的特征均可相互结合起来,所形成的组合式特征仍属于本发明的范围内。只要不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (3)
1.一种柔性基板,其特征在于,所述柔性基板包括自下而上依次设置的第一层膜和第二层膜,所述第一层膜为光轴与膜面垂直的负性聚酰亚胺膜,构成所述第二层膜的材料包括正单轴性高分子材料,所述第二层膜设置为能够抵消所述第一层膜产生的双折射效应,消除相位延迟;
其中,所述第二层膜包括数量相等的正单轴性液晶层和保护膜,所述正单轴性液晶层和所述保护膜依次交替设置,所述第一层膜设置在所述第二层膜的正单轴性液晶层侧;
所述保护膜为光轴与膜面垂直的负性聚酰亚胺膜,用于改变所述柔性基板的厚度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性基板,其特征在于,所述第一层膜包括至少一层基底膜,所述基底膜为光轴与膜面垂直的负性聚酰亚胺膜。
3.根据权利要求2所述的柔性基板,其特征在于,构成所述聚酰亚胺膜的聚酰亚胺中含有硫基团。
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