CN106839907A - Underwater demolition construction method - Google Patents
Underwater demolition construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106839907A CN106839907A CN201710067901.6A CN201710067901A CN106839907A CN 106839907 A CN106839907 A CN 106839907A CN 201710067901 A CN201710067901 A CN 201710067901A CN 106839907 A CN106839907 A CN 106839907A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of underwater demolition construction method, designed using layering explosion, rational design construction pore size d, pitch of holes a, hole array pitch b, blasthole inclination alpha, drilling depth H and over drilling depth h, rational design Specific Charge of Underwater Explosion amount, single hole explosive payload and blasting network.Compared with prior art, the present invention has carried out rationally, efficiently designing in explosion design to parameters, is implemented according to explosion design parameter in blast working, and the method can accelerate foundation construction progress.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of bridge construction, specially a kind of foundation construction underwater demolition construction method.
Background technology
With flourishing for Chinese bridge building cause, it is more and more important that many underwater foundation construction problems also become.
The development of science and technology and the continuous accumulation of construction experience are attended by, the construction technology of underwater foundation is also evolving, under water
Foundation excavation is always the primary focus for restricting bridge construction progress, at present when underwater demolition construction is carried out, construction speed
Still have much room for improvement.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that and provide a kind of underwater demolition construction method in order to solve the above problems.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of underwater demolition construction method, including explosion design and blast working,
The explosion design is comprised the following steps:
A1:By the way of explosion is layered, one is divided into three explosion layers, and every layer point of eight blast areas are maximum according to cushion cap
Embedded formation depth, formulates three layers of average burst depth;
A2:Drilling design
Drilled using hidden hole drilling, it is desirable to which minimum burden should reduce 15% than land drilling short hole blasting, formulate aperture
Size d, pitch of holes a, hole array pitch b, blasthole inclination alpha, drilling depth H and over drilling depth h,
Its mesopore array pitch b be according to look into explosion handbook acquisition, b=0.9*1.0a,
Drilling depth H is obtained according to the structure of shot rock and average length of shot,
Over drilling depth h=μ, H, μ are outdrill coefficient, and μ is located between 0.1~0.3, and formation hardness is bigger, then the value of μ is got over
Greatly;
A3:Calculate Specific Charge of Underwater Explosion amount
Computing formula uses q=q1+q2+q3+q4, wherein
q1Be basic dose unit consumption, tabled look-up acquisition according to hardness coefficient of rock;
q2For increment, q are pressed in blast area top under water2=0.01H0, H0It is the depth of water;
q3It is coating increment, q3=0.01h3,h3It is overburden cover;
q4It is rock expansion increment, q4=0.03H, H are hole depth;
A4:Single orifice explosive payload:
Consider the influence of the depth of water, single hole explosive payload is Q=k1QabH,
Wherein k1It is underwater demolition dose enhancement coefficient, k1Between 1.1~1.3;
A5:Design blasting network:
Using explosive in non-electrical msdelayed light emission blasting cap initiation blasthole, to avoid producing blown-out shot, each blasthole should use multiple spot
Detonation, i.e., respectively set a fire point on the bottom of blasthole, top, and each fire point is put two pieces of detonators, should be used in same blasthole
Same section is other with batch detonator;
The blast working is comprised the following steps:
B1:Drilling is started according to drilling design, it is desirable to which hidden hole drilling is installed firmly on vessel operation platform, and hole position uses GPS
Put a little, boring outer tube need to take out after powder charge is finished, drilling finish and powder charge before be both needed to carry out pore-forming examination;
B2:Measurement hole depth, is such as consistent with drilling design, then start powder charge, if be not inconsistent with drilling design, by designer
Member's adjustment explosive payload, detonator is arranged according to designed blasting network, powder charge finish it is errorless after, load river sand along outer tube,
Blasthole is stifled full, outer tube is taken out afterwards;
B3:On line, on line can be carried out on platform, and the hole buttock line of each row distinguishes colligation on a bamboo bar, and bamboo bar is floated
On the water surface, it is desirable to which the order of blasthole is consistent with buttock line colligation order, in order to avoid blasting network connection error, whole blasting network
Bank is caused by the buttock line of the connection detonator of last relay group, detonation electric cap just joins networking after warning is finished;
B4:Blast warning and detonation
Blast warning includes construction warning and detonation warning, and construction warning distance is 20m, is marked i.e. with visual signal
Can, detonation warning should be simultaneously emitted by visual signal and audible signal, and warning personnel should wear distinguishing mark, after warning is finished, enter
The connection of row detonation electric cap, connection is finished, detonated immediately;
B5:Demolition effect is checked
5 minutes after detonation, bamboo bar is salvaged, inspection blasting network propagation of explosion situation, such as safe propagation of explosion of blasting network can
Release warning,
Such as incomplete propagation of explosion, line can detonate again again, warning can release warning apart from constant after safety is confirmed,
After releasing warning, water checks rock breakage and explosion scope under diver, to adjust blasting parameter, reaches optimal
Demolition effect.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Compared with prior art, the present invention has carried out rationally, efficiently designing in explosion design to parameters, quick-fried
Implemented according to explosion design parameter in broken construction, the method can accelerate foundation construction progress.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the layout drawing of explosion hole position under reclaimed water of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Embodiment
Geological condition
1# piers cushion cap is located in the Jinsha jiang River of Panzhihua City Hong Ge main roads slope of highway lower section.1# piers riverbed is block stone soil and contains
There are big boulder, thickness about 14m;2# piers depend on roadside cofferdam excavation of foundation pit about 20m, and top is excavated at slope of highway toe, and
Slope of highway is husky fixture block stone incompact-deposit bodies.Bottom is embedded in weak weathering granites layer and reaches 8m, and rock stratum is harder, need to use water explosion
Excavate.
Surrounding environment
1# piers are generally within Jinsha jiang River left side, Hong Ge main roads slope of highway lower section, the about 30m close to highway.Red lattice are big
Road outside is existing Chengdu-Kunming railway;Road heavy traffic.2# piers are located at Jinsha jiang River right side, below Jinsha jiang River main road slope of highway, from
The relatively near about 20m of highway.By roadside cofferdam excavation of foundation pit about 20m, it is excavated at slope of highway toe, and slope of highway is sand
Fixture block stone incompact-deposit bodies.Bottom is embedded in weak weathering granites layer and reaches 8m, and rock stratum is harder, it is necessary to take underwater controlled blasting.
Blasting engineering amount
Using coating is first excavated, rock stratum part carries out underwater demolition excavation.Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam external diameter is φ 39m, therefore
Base Blasting Excavation is circular under water, and it is 11.5m that mean depth is excavated in lower port diameter 42m, 1# pier rock stratum, and 2# piers rock stratum is excavated average
Depth is 10.1m, funnel side slope 1:0.5.
Cofferdam foundation ditch underwater demolition bill of quantities
Underwater demolition design principle
The characteristics of for the underwater demolition of this engineering, determine following design principle:
(1) large diameter borehole, aperture network parameters.
(2) big unit consumption dose, crushing Blasting is carried out to rock.
(3) explosion nonel tube msdelayed light emission initiation net.
(4) strict controlled blasting vibration, impact involves the ill-effects such as slungshot, ensures the safety of peripheral facilities.
(5) diver checks foundation ditch whether there is deficient digging situation, using shallow blasting amendment.
(6) layering and zoning explosion.It is divided into 3 layers, the 1st layer of average burst depth 4.5m, the 2nd, 3 layers of length of shot 3.5m
(taking the maximum embedded formation depth of cushion cap).Every layer is divided into 8th area, with the roughly equal subregion of burst size.
Explosion is designed
By the way of explosion is layered, one is divided into three explosion layers, according to the maximum embedded formation depth of cushion cap, formulates three layers
Average burst depth, the 1st layer of average burst depth 4.5m, the 2nd, 3 layers of length of shot 3.5m, every layer point of eight blast areas, with
The roughly equal subregion of burst size.
Drilling design, is drilled using hidden hole drilling, it is desirable to which minimum burden should reduce 15% than land drilling short hole blasting,
Minimum burden Wp=0.85*2m=1.7m;
Using GY-2A hidden hole drillings, boring aperture size d=11cm;
1st layer, the 2nd layer takes pitch of holes a=1.8m, is obtained explosion handbook is looked into, the array pitch that must portal b=0.9*1.0a=
0.9*1.8m=1.62m takes 1.6m;
Blasthole inclination alpha is designed as 90 °, i.e. vertical perforating;
Structure and average length of shot according to shot rock formulate the drilling depth H of each layer, and the 1st layer is 4.5m, the 2nd layer
It is 3.5m, the 3rd layer is 3.5m;
Over drilling depth h=μ, H, μ are outdrill coefficient, and μ is located between 0.1~0.3, and formation hardness is bigger, then the value of μ is got over
Greatly, rock stratum is more hard at this, and μ values are 0.2 here, so as to draw three layers of over drilling depth respectively 0.2*4.5=0.9m,
0.2*3.5=0.7m, 0.2*3.5=0.7m.
Specific Charge of Underwater Explosion amount is calculated, computing formula uses q=q1+q2+q3+q4, wherein basic dose unit consumption q1=
1.1kg/m3(according to hardness coefficient of rock f=6, table look-up and understand outdoor to take 1.1kg/m from underwater demolition3);Blast area top is under water
Pressure increment q2=0.01H0(H0It is the depth of water, the 1st layer averagely takes 10.0m, and the 2nd layer averagely takes 13.5m, and the 3rd layer averagely takes 17.0m);
q3=0.01h3(h3It is overburden cover, the 2nd, 3 layers consider that remaining scarfing cinder takes 1.0m);Rock expansion increment q4=0.03H, H are
Drilling depth;
Every layer of Specific Charge of Underwater Explosion amount is as follows
qOne layer=1.1+0.01*10.0+0.01*0+0.03*4.5=1.34kg/m3
qTwo layers=1.1+0.01*13.5+0.01*1.0+0.03*3.5=1.35kg/m3
qThree layers=1.1+0.01*17.0+0.01*1.0+0.03*3.5=1.39kg/m3
Single orifice explosive payload, it is considered to the influence of the depth of water, single hole explosive payload is Q=k1QabH (takes from《The new skill of engineering explosion
Art》He Guangyi writes the 5-2 of page 192), wherein k1It is underwater demolition dose enhancement coefficient, k1Between 1.1~1.3;
Ground floor single hole explosive payload Q1=1.3*1.34*1.8*1.6*4.5=22.58kg
Second layer single hole explosive payload Q2=1.3*1.35*1.8*1.6*3.5=17.69kg
Third layer single hole explosive payload Q3=1.3*1.39*1.8*1.6*3.5=18.21kg
The design parameter statistics of explosion design is as follows:
Underwater demolition design parameter table
Design blasting network, using explosive in non-electrical msdelayed light emission blasting cap initiation blasthole, to avoid producing blown-out shot, each big gun
Hole should use multipoint priming, i.e., respectively set a fire point on the bottom of blasthole, top, and each fire point puts two pieces of detonators, same
Should be other with batch detonator, blasting network such as Fig. 1 using same section in blasthole.
Blast working
1) storage of explosive, transport
The kind of explosive and explosive, specification is tailor-made to producer by design, and is responsible for delivering to scene or explosive by producer
Stock is put.Received from explosives magazine by the actual amount same day during explosion, and escorted to scene with special train special messenger, live detonator, explosive
Pile up separately, and kept an eye on by special messenger.Live residue priming system will in time send storehouse back to, must not at the scene store priming system.Storehouse
Receive, escort, scene keeping, the links such as remaining priming system loopback storehouse will set up strict registration label and recognize system.
2) drill, verify
Drilled using hidden hole drilling, hidden hole drilling is installed firmly on vessel operation platform, and hole position is put a little using GPS, and hole position is fixed
Afterwards, must not there is rig slip, inclined possibility.The installation of drilling rod, dismounting will be carried out strictly by mechanically actuated program.Drilling rod is put
Put neat, firm, situations such as prevent bar, slide bar.
Boring outer tube just can be taken off after powder charge is finished.Hole check and accept drilling finish and powder charge before respectively carry out one
It is secondary, mainly measure hole depth.Meet strong wind, water level rise suddenly and sharply, thunderstorm weather situations such as, forbid being drilled, the operation such as metering-orifice.
3) powder charge, blocking
Hole depth is measured before powder charge, when being consistent with design, just can powder charge.What is be not inconsistent adjusts dose by designer.
By design explosive and detonator neck to hole side.During confirmation, start powder charge.
Detonator is placed in the middle of powder stick, it is good with immobilization with adhesive tape.Messenger is bound in powder stick one end.With messenger powder stick along drilling
Outer tube at the uniform velocity puts down, until design attitude, if powder stick lower end is obstructed, gently can be carried adjusting powder stick orientation with messenger.So
Back and forth, explosive is filled to design attitude.
Powder charge is finished without mistaking, and river sand is loaded along sleeve pipe, and blasthole is stifled full.Outer tube is gently taken out afterwards.When taking sleeve pipe,
Detonator buttock line is fixed on platform with long rope, so as not to it is overboard.
Messenger is not played back after installing medicine, and in powder charge process, detonator buttock line is unable to stress.
4) on line
On line can be carried out on platform.The hole buttock line of each row distinguishes colligation on a bamboo bar.It is noted that the order of blasthole
It is consistent with buttock line colligation order, in order to avoid networking connection error.
A floating object is fixed at bamboo bar two, to increase the buoyancy of whole network system.
Networking causes bank, detonation electric cap ability after warning is finished by the buttock line of the connection detonator of last relay group
Networking on connection.
5) guard against and detonate
Blast warning includes construction warning and detonation warning.Construction warning distance is 20m, is marked i.e. with visual signal
Can.Detonation warning should be simultaneously emitted by visual signal and audible signal.Warning personnel should wear distinguishing mark.
Before detonation warning is carried out to navigation channel the short time iceound.Notify that traffic police carries out short time envelope road to neighbouring highway.
Warning Shi Congbao areas clear up unrelated person and ship to beyond hazardous area to external radiation.
Warning is finished, then carries out the connection of detonating capsule, and connection is finished, and is detonated immediately.
6) demolition effect inspection
5 minutes after detonation, bamboo bar is salvaged, inspection networking propagation of explosion situation, such as networking security propagation of explosion can release police
Guard against.Such as incomplete propagation of explosion, line can again detonate again, guard against apart from constant.Warning can be released after safety is confirmed.
After releasing warning, water checks rock breakage and explosion scope under diver, to adjust blasting parameter, reaches optimal
Demolition effect.
Clear quarrel
After rock blasting is finished, rock quarrel is purged.Clear quarrel uses 1.5m3Grab waterborne is excavated, and rock quarrel is caught in hopper
Specified location is transported to topple over.The clear not complete a small amount of rock quarrel of grab bucket can be cleared up by water under diver.After excavation of foundation pit is finished, using thunder
Eroding river bed measurement is carried out up to scanner, foundation ditch bottom absolute altitude directly can be accurately measured.Check foundation ditch situation with sounding instrument, it is accurate and
It is convenient.
Blast warning scope
In blast warning, certain safety coefficient is considered as the safe distance of various blasting effects.With《Explosion is pacified
Full code》It is foundation, with reference to relevant information, determines that the blast warning scope of this engineering is as follows:
It is 500 meters to be guarded against in waters apart from upstream, and downstream is 300 meters;
Warning distance is 200 meters on the bank;
Personnel and ship is forbidden to enter fence coverage during explosion.
For caution's sake, safe distance (1500 meters of the upstream, downstream that should specify by shotfiring safety code during the first separate explosion
1000 meters) guarded against.
Before explosion, the swimming personnel around quick-fried area in the range of 500 meters of waters should clear up, and cleaning out just can explosion.
These are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all it is of the invention spirit and
Any modification, equivalent and improvement for being made within principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of underwater demolition construction method, it is characterised in that:Including explosion design and blast working,
The explosion design is comprised the following steps:
A1:By the way of explosion is layered, one is divided into three explosion layers, and every layer point of eight blast areas are maximum embedded according to cushion cap
Formation depth, formulates three layers of average burst depth;
A2:Drilling design
Drilled using hidden hole drilling, it is desirable to which minimum burden should reduce 15% than land drilling short hole blasting, formulate pore size
D, pitch of holes a, hole array pitch b, blasthole inclination alpha, drilling depth H and over drilling depth h,
Its mesopore array pitch b be according to look into explosion handbook acquisition, b=0.9*1.0a,
Drilling depth H is obtained according to the structure of shot rock and average length of shot,
Over drilling depth h=μ, H, μ are outdrill coefficient, and μ is located between 0.1~0.3, and formation hardness is bigger, then the value of μ is bigger;
A3:Calculate Specific Charge of Underwater Explosion amount
Computing formula uses q=q1+q2+q3+q4, wherein
q1Be basic dose unit consumption, tabled look-up acquisition according to hardness coefficient of rock;
q2For increment, q are pressed in blast area top under water2=0.01H0, H0It is the depth of water;
q3It is coating increment, q3=0.01h3,h3It is overburden cover;
q4It is rock expansion increment, q4=0.03H, H are hole depth;
A4:Single orifice explosive payload:
Consider the influence of the depth of water, single hole explosive payload is Q=k1QabH,
Wherein k1It is underwater demolition dose enhancement coefficient, k1Between 1.1~1.3;
A5:Design blasting network:
Using explosive in non-electrical msdelayed light emission blasting cap initiation blasthole, to avoid producing blown-out shot, each blasthole should use multipoint priming,
A fire point is respectively set on the bottom of blasthole, top, each fire point puts two pieces of detonators, same section should be used in same blasthole
Other same batch of detonator;
The blast working is comprised the following steps:
B1:Drilling is started according to drilling design, it is desirable to which hidden hole drilling is installed firmly on vessel operation platform, and hole position is put a little using GPS,
Boring outer tube need to take out after powder charge is finished, drilling finish and powder charge before be both needed to carry out pore-forming examination;
B2:Measurement hole depth, is such as consistent with drilling design, then start powder charge, if be not inconsistent with drilling design, is adjusted by designer
Self-contained dose, detonator is arranged according to designed blasting network, powder charge finish it is errorless after, river sand is loaded along outer tube, big gun
Hole is stifled full, and outer tube is taken out afterwards;
B3:On line, on line can be carried out on platform, and the hole buttock line of each row distinguishes colligation on a bamboo bar, and bamboo bar swims in water
On face, it is desirable to which the order of blasthole is consistent with buttock line colligation order, in order to avoid blasting network connection error, whole blasting network is by most
The buttock line of the latter connection detonator of relay group causes bank, and detonation electric cap just joins networking after warning is finished;
B4:Blast warning and detonation
Blast warning includes construction warning and detonation warning, and construction warning distance is 20m, is marked with visual signal, is risen
Quick-fried warning should be simultaneously emitted by visual signal and audible signal, and warning personnel should wear distinguishing mark, after warning is finished, be detonated
The connection of electric cap, connection is finished, and is detonated immediately;
B5:Demolition effect is checked
5 minutes after detonation, bamboo bar is salvaged, inspection blasting network propagation of explosion situation, such as safe propagation of explosion of blasting network can be released
Warning,
Such as incomplete propagation of explosion, line can detonate again again, warning can release warning apart from constant after safety is confirmed,
After releasing warning, water checks rock breakage and explosion scope under diver, to adjust blasting parameter, reaches optimal explosion
Effect.
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CN107356168A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-17 | 中铁四局集团第二工程有限公司 | Underwater blasting construction method for deepwater inclined bare rock foundation |
CN107726935A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-02-23 | 中国建筑土木建设有限公司 | Pile foundation construction method for large-angle inclined plane hard rock stratum |
CN108844426A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-20 | 中国葛洲坝集团第工程有限公司 | Underwater demolition construction method |
CN109870082A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-11 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | A kind of middle weathering sandstone layer cubic meter of stone standing excavation construction method |
CN110806154A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-18 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | Method for blasting ammonium nitrate explosives in deep foundation pit of hydropower station |
CN110887421A (en) * | 2019-12-29 | 2020-03-17 | 中铁五局集团第二工程有限责任公司 | Blasting control construction method for underwater groove in deepwater river |
CN113175855A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-27 | 长江武汉航道工程局 | Construction method for reducing underwater blasting noise |
CN113566663A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-10-29 | 广东中人岩土工程有限公司 | Carbon dioxide underwater blasting construction method |
CN115218733A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-21 | 青岛理工大学 | Deep hole blasting device and using method thereof |
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CN107726935B (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2021-02-12 | 中国建筑土木建设有限公司 | Pile foundation construction method for large-angle inclined plane hard rock stratum |
CN107726935A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-02-23 | 中国建筑土木建设有限公司 | Pile foundation construction method for large-angle inclined plane hard rock stratum |
CN108844426A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-20 | 中国葛洲坝集团第工程有限公司 | Underwater demolition construction method |
CN109870082A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-11 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | A kind of middle weathering sandstone layer cubic meter of stone standing excavation construction method |
CN110806154A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-18 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | Method for blasting ammonium nitrate explosives in deep foundation pit of hydropower station |
CN110806154B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2022-04-01 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | Method for blasting ammonium nitrate explosives in deep foundation pit of hydropower station |
CN110887421A (en) * | 2019-12-29 | 2020-03-17 | 中铁五局集团第二工程有限责任公司 | Blasting control construction method for underwater groove in deepwater river |
CN113566663A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-10-29 | 广东中人岩土工程有限公司 | Carbon dioxide underwater blasting construction method |
CN113175855A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-27 | 长江武汉航道工程局 | Construction method for reducing underwater blasting noise |
CN113175855B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2023-01-24 | 长江武汉航道工程局 | Construction method for reducing underwater blasting noise |
CN115218733A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-21 | 青岛理工大学 | Deep hole blasting device and using method thereof |
CN115218733B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-08-11 | 青岛理工大学 | Deep hole blasting device and application method thereof |
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