CN106839907B - Underwater demolition construction method - Google Patents

Underwater demolition construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106839907B
CN106839907B CN201710067901.6A CN201710067901A CN106839907B CN 106839907 B CN106839907 B CN 106839907B CN 201710067901 A CN201710067901 A CN 201710067901A CN 106839907 B CN106839907 B CN 106839907B
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Prior art keywords
explosion
warning
drilling
depth
hole
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CN106839907A (en
Inventor
刘海涛
张强
张义君
梅人俊
吴胜红
周川岭
周琪
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Third Engineering Co Ltd of China Railway 23rd Bureau Group Co Ltd
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Third Engineering Co Ltd of China Railway 23rd Bureau Group Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of underwater demolition construction method, using layering explosion design, rational design construction pore size d, pitch of holes a, hole array pitch b, blasthole inclination alpha, drilling depth H and over drilling depth h, it is rational design Specific Charge of Underwater Explosion amount, single hole explosive payload and blasting network.Compared with prior art, the present invention has carried out rationally, efficiently designing in explosion design to parameters, is implemented in blast working according to explosion design parameter, this method can accelerate foundation construction progress.

Description

Underwater demolition construction method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of bridge construction, specially a kind of foundation construction underwater demolition construction method.
Background technology
With flourishing for Chinese bridge building cause, many underwater foundation construction problems also become more and more important. The development of science and technology and the continuous accumulation of construction experience are attended by, the construction technology of underwater foundation is also evolving, under water Foundation excavation is always the primary focus for restricting bridge construction progress, at present when carrying out underwater demolition construction, construction speed Still have much room for improvement.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that to solve the above problems and provides a kind of underwater demolition construction method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose：
A kind of underwater demolition construction method, including explosion design and blast working,
The explosion design comprises the following steps：
A1：By the way of explosion is layered, one is divided into three explosion layers, and every layer point of eight blast areas are maximum according to cushion cap Embedded formation depth, formulate three layers of average burst depth；
A2：Drilling design
Drilled using hidden hole drilling, it is desirable to which minimum burden should reduce 15% than land drilling short hole blasting, formulate aperture Size d, pitch of holes a, hole array pitch b, blasthole inclination alpha, drilling depth H and over drilling depth h,
Its mesopore array pitch b be according to look into explosion handbook acquisition, b=0.9*1.0a,
Drilling depth H obtains according to the structure and average length of shot of shot rock,
Over drilling depth h=μ ' H, μ are outdrill coefficient, and for μ between 0.1~0.3, formation hardness is bigger, then μ value is got over Greatly；
A3：Calculate Specific Charge of Underwater Explosion amount
Calculation formula uses q=q1+q2+q3+q4, wherein
q1For basic dose unit consumption, tabled look-up acquisition according to hardness coefficient of rock；
q2For underwater pressure increment, q above blast area2=0.01H0, H0For the depth of water；
q3For coating increment, q3=0.01h3,h3For overburden cover；
q4For rock expansion increment, q4=0.03H, H are hole depth；
A4：Single orifice explosive payload：
Consider the influence of the depth of water, single hole explosive payload is Q=k1QabH,
Wherein k1For underwater demolition dose enhancement coefficient, k1Between 1.1~1.3；
A5：Design blasting network：
Using explosive in non-electrical msdelayed light emission blasting cap initiation blasthole, to avoid producing blown-out shot, each blasthole should use multiple spot Detonation, i.e., respectively set a fire point, each fire point is put two pieces of detonators, should used in same blasthole on the bottom of blasthole, top Same section is other with batch detonator；
The blast working comprises the following steps：
B1：Start to drill according to drilling design, it is desirable to which hidden hole drilling is installed firmly on vessel operation platform, and hole position uses GPS Put a little, boring outer tube need to take out after powder charge, drilling finish and powder charge before be both needed to carry out pore-forming examination；
B2：Hole depth is measured, is such as consistent with drilling design, then starts powder charge, if be not inconsistent with drilling design, by designer Member's adjustment explosive payload, detonator is arranged according to designed blasting network, powder charge finish it is errorless after, load river sand along outer tube, Blasthole is stifled full, outer tube is taken out afterwards；
B3：On line, on line are carried out on platform, and the hole buttock line of each row distinguishes colligation on a bamboo bar, and bamboo bar is swum in On the water surface, it is desirable to the order of blasthole is consistent with buttock line colligation order, in order to avoid blasting network connection error, whole blasting network by The buttock line of the connection detonator of last relay group leads to bank, and detonation electric cap just joins networking after warning；
B4：Blast warning and detonation
Blast warning includes construction warning and detonation warning, and construction warning distance is 20m, is marked i.e. with visual signal Can, detonation warning should be simultaneously emitted by visual signal and audible signal, and warning personnel should wear distinguishing mark, after warning, enter The connection of row detonation electric cap, connection are finished, detonated immediately；
B5：Demolition effect inspection
5 minutes after detonation, bamboo bar is salvaged, checks blasting network propagation of explosion situation, such as the safe propagation of explosion of blasting network, solution Except warning,
Such as incomplete propagation of explosion, line detonates again again, guards against apart from constant, releases and guard against after safety is confirmed,
After releasing warning, water checks rock breakage and explosion scope under diver, to adjust blasting parameter, reaches optimal Demolition effect.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Compared with prior art, the present invention has carried out rationally, efficiently designing in explosion design to parameters, quick-fried Implemented in broken construction according to explosion design parameter, this method can accelerate foundation construction progress.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the layout drawing of explosion hole position under reclaimed water of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Embodiment
Geological condition
1# piers cushion cap is located at below Panzhihua City Hong Ge main roads slope of highway in Jinsha jiang River.1# piers riverbed is block stone soil and contained There are big boulder, thickness about 14m；2# piers depend on roadside cofferdam excavation of foundation pit about 20m, and top is excavated at slope of highway toe, and Slope of highway is husky fixture block stone incompact-deposit bodies.Bottom is embedded in weak weathering granites layer and reaches 8m, and rock stratum is harder, need to use water explosion Excavate.
Surrounding environment
1# piers are generally within Jinsha jiang River left side, Hong Ge main roads slope of highway lower section, about 30m relatively near from highway.Red lattice are big It is existing Chengdu-Kunming railway on the outside of road；Road heavy traffic.2# piers are located on the right side of Jinsha jiang River, below Jinsha jiang River main road slope of highway, from The relatively near about 20m of highway.By roadside cofferdam excavation of foundation pit about 20m, it is excavated at slope of highway toe, and slope of highway is sand Fixture block stone incompact-deposit bodies.Bottom is embedded in weak weathering granites layer and reaches 8m, and rock stratum is harder, it is necessary to takes underwater controlled blasting.
Blasting engineering amount
Using coating is first excavated, rock stratum part carries out underwater demolition excavation.Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam external diameter is φ 39m, therefore For underwater base Blasting Excavation into circle, it is 11.5m that mean depth is excavated in lower port diameter 42m, 1# pier rock stratum, and 2# piers rock stratum is excavated average Depth is 10.1m, funnel side slope 1：0.5.
Cofferdam foundation ditch underwater demolition bill of quantities
Underwater demolition design principle
The characteristics of for the underwater demolition of this engineering, determine following design principle：
(1) large diameter borehole, aperture network parameters.
(2) big unit consumption dose, crushing Blasting is carried out to rock.
(3) explosion nonel tube msdelayed light emission initiation net.
(4) strict controlled blasting vibration, impact involve the ill-effects such as slungshot, ensure the safety of peripheral facilities.
(5) diver checks foundation ditch whether there is deficient digging situation, using shallow blasting amendment.
(6) layering and zoning explosion.3 layers are divided into, the 1st layer of average burst depth 4.5m, the 2nd, 3 layer of length of shot 3.5m (taking the maximum embedded formation depth of cushion cap).Every layer is divided into 8th area, with the roughly equal subregion of burst size.
Explosion designs
By the way of explosion is layered, one is divided into three explosion layers, according to the maximum embedded formation depth of cushion cap, formulates three layers Average burst depth, the 1st layer of average burst depth 4.5m, the 2nd, 3 layer of length of shot 3.5m, every layer point of eight blast areas, with The roughly equal subregion of burst size.
Drilling design, being drilled using hidden hole drilling, it is desirable to minimum burden should reduce 15% than land drilling short hole blasting, Minimum burden Wp=0.85*2m=1.7m；
Using GY-2A hidden hole drillings, boring aperture size d=11cm；
1st layer, the 2nd layer takes pitch of holes a=1.8m, is obtained looking into explosion handbook, the array pitch that must portal b=0.9*1.0a= 0.9*1.8m=1.62m takes 1.6m；
Blasthole inclination alpha is designed as 90 °, i.e. vertical perforating；
Formulate the drilling depth H of each layer according to the structure of shot rock and average length of shot, the 1st layer is 4.5m, the 2nd layer For 3.5m, the 3rd layer is 3.5m；
Over drilling depth h=μ ' H, μ are outdrill coefficient, and for μ between 0.1~0.3, formation hardness is bigger, then μ value is got over Greatly, rock stratum is more hard at this, and μ values are 0.2 here, and the over drilling depth so as to draw three layers is respectively 0.2*4.5=0.9m, 0.2*3.5=0.7m, 0.2*3.5=0.7m.
Specific Charge of Underwater Explosion amount is calculated, calculation formula uses q=q1+q2+q3+q4, wherein basic dose unit consumption q1= 1.1kg/m3(according to hardness coefficient of rock f=6, table look-up and understand outdoor to take 1.1kg/m from underwater demolition3)；It is underwater above blast area Press increment q2=0.01H0(H0For the depth of water, the 1st layer averagely takes 10.0m, and the 2nd layer averagely takes 13.5m, and the 3rd layer averagely takes 17.0m)； q3=0.01h3(h3For overburden cover, the 2nd, 3 layer considers that remaining scarfing cinder takes 1.0m)；Rock expansion increment q4=0.03H, H are Drilling depth；
Every layer of Specific Charge of Underwater Explosion amount is as follows
qOne layer=1.1+0.01*10.0+0.01*0+0.03*4.5=1.34kg/m3
qTwo layers=1.1+0.01*13.5+0.01*1.0+0.03*3.5=1.35kg/m3
qThree layers=1.1+0.01*17.0+0.01*1.0+0.03*3.5=1.39kg/m3
Single orifice explosive payload, considers the influence of the depth of water, and single hole explosive payload is Q=k1QabH (is derived from《The new skill of engineering explosion Art》He Guangyi writes the 5-2 of page 192), wherein k1For underwater demolition dose enhancement coefficient, k1Between 1.1~1.3；
First layer single hole explosive payload Q1=1.3*1.34*1.8*1.6*4.5=22.58kg
Second layer single hole explosive payload Q2=1.3*1.35*1.8*1.6*3.5=17.69kg
Third layer single hole explosive payload Q3=1.3*1.39*1.8*1.6*3.5=18.21kg
The design parameter statistics of explosion design is as follows：
Underwater demolition design parameter table
Blasting network is designed, using explosive in non-electrical msdelayed light emission blasting cap initiation blasthole, to avoid producing blown-out shot, each big gun Hole should use multipoint priming, i.e., a fire point is respectively set on the bottom of blasthole, top, each fire point puts two pieces of detonators, same Same section should be used other with batch detonator, blasting network such as Fig. 1 in blasthole.
Blast working
1) storage, the transport of explosive
The kind of explosive and explosive, specification are had made to order to producer by design, and are responsible for by producer delivering to scene or explosive Stock is put.Received from explosives magazine by the actual amount same day during explosion, and escorted with special train special messenger to scene, live detonator, explosive Pile up separately, and kept an eye on by special messenger.The remaining priming system in scene will send storehouse back in time, must not store priming system at the scene.Storehouse Receive, escort, live keeping, the links such as remaining priming system loopback storehouse will establish strict registration label and recognize system.
2) drill, verify
Drilled using hidden hole drilling, hidden hole drilling is installed firmly on vessel operation platform, and hole position is put a little using GPS, and hole position is fixed Afterwards, must not there are rig slip, inclined possibility.The installation of drilling rod, dismounting will be carried out strictly by mechanically actuated program.Drilling rod is put Put neat, firm, situations such as preventing bar, slide bar.
Boring outer tube just can be taken off after powder charge.Hole check and accept drilling finish and powder charge before each carry out one It is secondary, mainly measure hole depth.Meet strong wind, water level rise suddenly and sharply, thunderstorm weather situations such as, forbid being drilled, the operation such as metering-orifice.
3) powder charge, blocking
Hole depth is measured before powder charge, just can powder charge when being consistent with design.What is be not inconsistent adjusts dose by designer.
By design explosive and detonator neck to hole side.During confirmation, start powder charge.
Detonator is placed among powder stick, it is good with immobilization with adhesive tape.Messenger is bound in powder stick one end.With messenger powder stick along drilling Outer tube is at the uniform velocity put down, until design attitude, if powder stick lower end is obstructed, can gently be carried to adjust powder stick orientation with messenger.So Back and forth, explosive is filled to design attitude.
Powder charge is finished without mistaking, and along sleeve pipe filling river sand, blasthole is blocked up full.Outer tube is gently taken out afterwards.When taking sleeve pipe, Detonator buttock line is fixed on platform with long rope, so as not to it is overboard.
Messenger does not play back after installing medicine, and in powder charge process, detonator buttock line is unable to stress.
4) on line
On line is carried out on platform.The hole buttock line of each row distinguishes colligation on a bamboo bar.It is noted that the order of blasthole with Buttock line colligation order is consistent, in order to avoid networking connection error.
A floating object is fixed at bamboo bar two, to increase the buoyancy of whole network system.
Networking leads to bank, detonation electric cap ability after warning by the buttock line of the connection detonator of last relay group Networking on connection.
5) guard against and detonate
Blast warning includes construction warning and detonation warning.Construction warning distance is 20m, is marked i.e. with visual signal Can.Detonation warning should be simultaneously emitted by visual signal and audible signal.Warning personnel should wear distinguishing mark.
It is iceound before detonation warning to be carried out to navigation channel the short time.Traffic police is notified to carry out short time envelope road to neighbouring highway.
Guard against Shi Congbao areas and clear up unrelated person and ship to beyond hazardous area to external radiation.
Warning finishes, then carries out the connection of detonating capsule, and connection finishes, and detonates immediately.
6) demolition effect inspection
5 minutes after detonation, bamboo bar is salvaged, checks networking propagation of explosion situation, such as networking security propagation of explosion, releases warning. Such as incomplete propagation of explosion, line detonates again again, guards against apart from constant.Warning is released after safety is confirmed.
After releasing warning, water checks rock breakage and explosion scope under diver, to adjust blasting parameter, reaches optimal Demolition effect.
Clear quarrel
After rock blasting, rock quarrel is purged.Clear quarrel 1.5m3Grab waterborne is excavated, and rock quarrel is caught in hopper Specified location is transported to topple over.The clear endless a small amount of rock quarrel of grab bucket can be cleared up by water under diver.After excavation of foundation pit, using thunder Eroding river bed measurement is carried out up to scanner, directly can accurately measure foundation ditch bottom absolute altitude.Check foundation ditch situation with sounding instrument, it is accurate and It is convenient.
Blast warning scope
In blast warning, certain safety coefficient is considered as the safe distance of various blasting effects.With《Explosion is pacified Full code》For foundation, with reference to relevant information, determine that the blast warning scope of this engineering is as follows：
Warning is 500 meters apart from upstream in waters, and downstream is 300 meters；
Warning distance is 200 meters on the bank；
Personnel and ship is forbidden to enter fence coverage during explosion.
For caution's sake, during the first separate explosion should as defined in shotfiring safety code safe distance (1500 meters of upstream, downstream 1000 meters) guarded against.
Before explosion, the swimming personnel around quick-fried area in the range of 500 meters of waters should clear up, and cleaning out just can explosion.
These are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

  1. A kind of 1. underwater demolition construction method, it is characterised in that：Including explosion design and blast working,
    The explosion design comprises the following steps：
    A1：By the way of explosion is layered, one is divided into three explosion layers, and every layer point of eight blast areas are maximum embedded according to cushion cap Formation depth, formulate three layers of average burst depth；
    A2：Drilling design
    Drilled using hidden hole drilling, it is desirable to which minimum burden should reduce 15% than land drilling short hole blasting, formulate pore size D, pitch of holes a, hole array pitch b, blasthole inclination alpha, drilling depth H and over drilling depth h,
    Its mesopore array pitch b be according to look into explosion handbook acquisition, b=0.9*1.0a,
    Drilling depth H obtains according to the structure and average length of shot of shot rock,
    Over drilling depth h=μ,H, μ are outdrill coefficient, and for μ between 0.1~0.3, formation hardness is bigger, then μ value is bigger；
    A3：Calculate Specific Charge of Underwater Explosion amount
    Calculation formula uses q=q1+q2+q3+q4, wherein
    q1For basic dose unit consumption, tabled look-up acquisition according to hardness coefficient of rock；
    q2For underwater pressure increment, q above blast area2=0.01H0, H0For the depth of water；
    q3For coating increment, q3=0.01h3,h3For overburden cover；
    q4For rock expansion increment, q4=0.03H, H are hole depth；
    A4：Single orifice explosive payload：
    Consider the influence of the depth of water, single hole explosive payload is Q=k1QabH,
    Wherein k1For underwater demolition dose enhancement coefficient, k1Between 1.1~1.3；
    A5：Design blasting network：
    Using explosive in non-electrical msdelayed light emission blasting cap initiation blasthole, to avoid producing blown-out shot, each blasthole should use multipoint priming, A fire point is respectively set on the bottom of blasthole, top, each fire point puts two pieces of detonators, same section should be used in same blasthole Other same batch of detonator；
    The blast working comprises the following steps：
    B1：Starting to drill according to drilling design, it is desirable to hidden hole drilling is installed firmly on vessel operation platform, and hole position is put a little using GPS, Boring outer tube need to take out after powder charge, drilling finish and powder charge before be both needed to carry out pore-forming examination；
    B2：Hole depth is measured, is such as consistent with drilling design, then starts powder charge, if be not inconsistent with drilling design, adjusted by designer Self-contained dose, detonator is arranged according to designed blasting network, powder charge finish it is errorless after, river sand is loaded along outer tube, big gun Hole is stifled full, and outer tube is taken out afterwards；
    B3：On line, on line are carried out on platform, and the hole buttock line of each row distinguishes colligation on a bamboo bar, and bamboo bar swims in the water surface On, it is desirable to the order of blasthole is consistent with buttock line colligation order, in order to avoid blasting network connection error, whole blasting network is by last The buttock line of the connection detonator of one relay group leads to bank, and detonation electric cap just joins networking after warning；
    B4：Blast warning and detonation
    Blast warning includes construction warning and detonation warning, and construction warning distance is 20m, is marked, risen with visual signal Quick-fried warning should be simultaneously emitted by visual signal and audible signal, and warning personnel should wear distinguishing mark, after warning, be detonated The connection of electric cap, connection finish, and detonate immediately；
    B5：Demolition effect inspection
    5 minutes after detonation, bamboo bar is salvaged, checks blasting network propagation of explosion situation, such as the safe propagation of explosion of blasting network, releases police Guard against,
    Such as incomplete propagation of explosion, line detonates again again, guards against apart from constant, releases and guard against after safety is confirmed,
    After releasing warning, water checks rock breakage and explosion scope under diver, to adjust blasting parameter, reaches optimal explosion Effect.
CN201710067901.6A 2017-02-07 2017-02-07 Underwater demolition construction method Active CN106839907B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107356168B (en) * 2017-07-25 2019-11-29 中铁四局集团第二工程有限公司 A kind of deep water inclined naked batholith plinth underwater demolition construction method
CN107726935B (en) * 2017-10-13 2021-02-12 中国建筑土木建设有限公司 Pile foundation construction method for large-angle inclined plane hard rock stratum
CN108844426B (en) * 2018-06-22 2020-10-09 中国葛洲坝集团第一工程有限公司 Underwater blasting construction method
CN109870082B (en) * 2019-03-21 2021-07-09 中国五冶集团有限公司 Stone loosening blasting excavation construction method for medium-stroke sandstone layer
CN110806154B (en) * 2019-10-18 2022-04-01 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 Method for blasting ammonium nitrate explosives in deep foundation pit of hydropower station
CN110887421A (en) * 2019-12-29 2020-03-17 中铁五局集团第二工程有限责任公司 Blasting control construction method for underwater groove in deepwater river
CN113566663B (en) * 2020-04-28 2022-11-29 广东中人岩土工程有限公司 Carbon dioxide underwater blasting construction method
CN113175855B (en) * 2021-03-30 2023-01-24 长江武汉航道工程局 Construction method for reducing underwater blasting noise
CN115218733B (en) * 2022-06-02 2023-08-11 青岛理工大学 Deep hole blasting device and application method thereof

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CN105421474B (en) * 2015-11-03 2018-07-03 中铁大桥局集团有限公司 For the plant pile cofferdam platform integral construction method of lithostratigraphy low pile cap
CN106288996B (en) * 2016-08-24 2018-05-25 广西新港湾工程有限公司 A kind of underwater groove presplit blasting construction method

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