CN106836117A - A kind of porous floating breakwater - Google Patents
A kind of porous floating breakwater Download PDFInfo
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- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of porous floating breakwater, comprising the breakwater unit that several are sequentially connected with, the breakwater unit includes the first buoyancy tank, the second buoyancy tank, connecting rod and two-layer vertical plate, first buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank are rigidly connected by connecting rod, first buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank are connected with anchoring balancing weight by anchor chain and are anchored, two vertical plates are fixedly mounted in connecting rod, some water holes are equipped with two vertical plates, the percent opening of vertical plate water hole is 9%~11%.A kind of porous floating breakwater of the invention, wave absorbing effect is good, structure stress is small, security is good, simple structure, build convenient, applied widely, has important practical significance to port engineering wave resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to porous floating breakwater, belong to breakwater field.
Background technology
Breakwater is a kind of important port and coastal engineering building, is mainly used in defence wave and harbour water area is invaded
Attack, be that the steady, berthing conditions of safety and operation waters are provided in port, while also improving the design bar of hydraulic structure in port
Part, protects marine structure.Additionally, in chiltern or muddy coast, breakwater is also functioned to reduce or prevents what silt approached
Effect, to the harbour for having frost, breakwater can also reduce floating ice outside port and enter in port.The structural shape of breakwater mainly has slope
Formula, vertical type, hybrid-type, exposed throughout type and floating etc., wherein first three are traditional bottom-sitting type breakwater.Traditional bottom-sitting type
Breakwater can preferably screen in port waters and service life is more long, however, bottom-sitting type breakwater has inevitable office
It is sex-limited：With the increase and the deterioration of foundation condition of the engineering depth of water, construction costs is sharply increased, and difficulty of construction is increased；Shielding
The water circulation in region is restricted, water pollution in the easy deposition for producing silt and port.While permeable breakwater on piled foundation
Adapt to tidal level changing capability poor, shielding effect is difficult to control to.
With the development of the composite demands such as coastal environment protection, sightseeing tour and aquaculture, people are on seashore and port
There is great transformation in the idea of mouth exploitation.Improve water quality ring in port to adapt to deep water, soft foundation, introducing exchange of seawater
Border and cheap demand, port structure pattern will be to cancelled structures, energy dissipation type structure and Mobyneb structure etc.
New structure pattern develops.
In recent years, floating breakwater receives the close attention of domestic outer harbour, seashore and ocean engineering circle because it with
Traditional bottom-sitting type breakwater is compared to advantages below：(1) when the depth of water is larger, floating breakwater greatly reduces engineering use
Amount, the general relative moderate of construction costs；(2) basement process need not be carried out when building, is not limited by foundation condition, reduced
Difficulty of construction；(3) with very strong water body function of exchange, seawater pollution can be prevented, does not influence sediment movement and fish to migrate, protected
The aquatic substance environment in shielding area is protected；(4) quantities is small, and construction is simple rapid, it is easy to remove and adjustment arrangement；(5) floating body can
Change with tidal level and lift, adapt to macrotidal range marine site, and it is attractive in appearance.In view of above advantage, floating breakwater can be used as permanent
Building or temporary structure, have broad application prospects in following field：(1) in the day with preferable wind sheltering condition
Deepwater wharf is built in right deep water bay, dominates the influence of stormy waves throughout the year for prevention, can set a small amount of floating in suitable region
Breakwater, to reach the anti-unrestrained effect of more preferably wind sheltering；(2) floating breakwater can be used as the interim berthing harbour of ship；(3) floating is prevented
Ripple dike can screen the waters such as aquaculture, bathing beach, to obtain the double effectses reduced investment outlay and keep good water quality；(4)
The job site of marine engineering can carry out provisional shielding with floating breakwater, to increase construction operation number of days, shorten the duration,
Increase the benefit；(5) militarily floating breakwater can be used to screen the waters of Marine Mobile harbour, be also a kind of more satisfactory
Structural shape；(6) floating breakwater can be used as the wave resistance measure of marine disaster prevention emergency.But also there are several factors to limit floating to prevent
The application of ripple dike, such as screens effect not as its wave absorbing effect is poor when bottom-sitting type breakwater, wave period are more long, wave action
Under dynamic response can cause the fatigue damage of structure and larger mooring forces so that maintenance requirement is high, and in the case of extreme storm
Floating breakwater structure security in itself is difficult to ensure.
Floating breakwater is made up of floating body and mooring system, by the interaction of floating body and wave come the wave that disappears.According to floating
Floating breakwater can be divided into wave energy reflection-type (such as floating box type, the anti-ripple of float-type floating by the unrestrained principle that disappears of formula breakwater structure
Dike), wave energy loss type (such as floating raft type such as bamboo raft, junked tire floating breakwater) and reflection-loss mixed type (such as grid
Bar, buoyancy tank fence type floating breakwater) three major types.
The achievement in research and development to floating breakwater structure are introduced below, and emphasis is floating to different structure type
The unrestrained principle that disappears of formula breakwater, the unrestrained performance that disappears and structure stress situation are analyzed.
Floating box type (float-type) floating breakwater
Incident Wave energy mainly is reflexed to off-lying sea to reduce transmission by traditional floating box type floating breakwater using buoyancy tank
Wave, is typically manufactured, by steel plate or armored concrete etc. wherein the width range of single buoyancy tank is generally 8~16m, enters the depth of water
Degree scope is generally 1.5~4.0m.Structure is most simply, using most for single floating box type floating is anti-in floating box type floating breakwater
Ripple dike.It is the unrestrained performance that disappears for improving floating box type floating breakwater, expands the range of application of floating breakwater, domestic and foreign scholars is from increasing
Plus reflexion of wave and wave energy loss are angularly improved floating box structure, mainly have many floating box types, buoyancy tank-vertical it is board-like,
Buoyancy tank-level is board-like and buoyancy tank-other loss wave energy structural formula floating breakwaters etc..
(1) many floating box type floating breakwaters
Compared with single floating box type floating breakwater, many floating box types can improve the unrestrained performance that disappears.Williams et al. is according to two dimension
Potential flow theories, application boundary unit's method is to the anti-ripple of floating that is made up of two rigidly connected buoyancy tanks and two not connected buoyancy tanks
The hydrodynamic characterisitic of dike has carried out numerical simulation study respectively, and result of study shows that the wave of double floating box type floating breakwaters is anti-
Coefficient is penetrated largely to be determined by the rigidity of the width of structure, drinking water, two buoyancy tank spacing and anchor chain.Koftis and Prinos should
The problem that wave interacts with fixed double floating box type floating breakwaters is entered with unsteady average Navier-Stokes method (URANS)
Go solution, have studied floating embankment relative width and front and rear buoyancy tank relative spacing offsets the influence of unrestrained performance, as a result show transmission system
Number reduces as relative width increases, and transmission coefficient is not dull with the change of front and rear buoyancy tank relative spacing.
Diamantoulaki et al. utilizes the method for three-dimensional implementing hydrodynamic analysis combination anchor chain static and dynamic analysis to double buoyancy tanks of different types
The hydrodynamic characterisitic of formula floating breakwater is studied, and wave absorbing effect when as a result showing that front and rear buoyancy tank is rigidly connected is better than
Situation when single buoyancy tank and front and rear buoyancy tank are not connected to；Buoyancy tank spacing can just change before and after increasing only in moderate wave frequency range
Kind wave absorbing effect；Maximum anchor chain power has the trend of reduction when the spacing of front and rear buoyancy tank increases.Syed and Mani also utilize boundary element
Method analyzes three unrestrained performances that disappear of the floating breakwater of rigidly connected buoyancy tank composition, and result of study shows buoyancy tank spacing pair
Wave transmission coefficient and reflective index impacts are notable.
(2) buoyancy tank-vertical board-like floating breakwater
Buoyancy tank-vertical board-like floating breakwater is increased reflexion of wave by vertical plate and disturbs water near it
Body is moved, so as to improve the unrestrained performance that disappears, common are π types and T-shaped.Floating breakwaters of the Christian to the vertical plate of connection
Campaign research is carried out, has as a result shown that the ordinary circumstance bigger transmission coefficient of lower plugboard underwater penetration is smaller, but plate enters
When water depth is too big, the radiated wave for especially causing in short-period wave wave lower plugboard can increase transmission coefficient.Gesraha is using special
Levy function expansion method has carried out numerical simulation study to the π types floating breakwater that both sides connect vertical plate, as a result shows and list
Floating box type floating breakwater is compared, and both sides plate can reduce transmission coefficient, but transmission is during the wave effect of oblique short-period wave
Number can increase.Ruol et al. π types floating breakwaters different size of to 8 (anchor chain anchor and vertical guide pile anchoring) are
Row physical model test, introduces relative cycle (incident wave period heaves the ratio between natural period with structure) this parameter and carries
The computing formula of π type floating breakwater transmission coefficients is gone out.Alizadeh et al. is by physical experiments to vertical guide pile anchor
Solid π types floating breakwater and buoyancy tank bottom only connect the wave absorbing effect of a T-shaped floating breakwater for plate and contrasted,
It is T-shaped that result of study shows that the wave absorbing effect of π types is substantially better than.Koriam and Rageh are specialized in by physical experiments
Vertical plate disappears the influence of unrestrained performance to floating breakwater, and result of study shows saturating with the increase floating embankment of vertical plate quantity
Coefficient reduction is penetrated, transmission coefficient is smaller than 0.25 when there is 4 layer vertical plate.
(3) the board-like floating breakwater of buoyancy tank-level
The board-like floating breakwater of buoyancy tank-level disturbs water sports around it using the level board of buoyancy tank bottom simultaneously
And the resistance to overturning of structure can be increased, so as to improve the unrestrained performance that disappears.Ikesue et al. proposes the double buoyancy tanks with interior outer wing
Formula floating breakwater, and its transmission coefficient is calculated using wave numerical value tank, result of study shows interior outer wing to floating
The unrestrained performance that disappears of formula breakwater has a significant impact, and the wave absorbing effect of the double floating box type floating breakwaters with interior outer wing is better than identical
Single floating box type floating breakwater of size.Dong Huayang has carried out physics mould to the floating breakwater that level board is installed in single buoyancy tank bottom
Type is tested and numerical simulation study, and buoyancy tank bottom sets one layer of level board when as a result showing that vertical guide pile is anchored can make transmission coefficient
0.3 or so is reduced, when setting two laminates, transmission coefficient continues to reduce, but reduction amplitude is not obvious, and buoyancy tank bottom sets a laminate
The wave dissipation effect of the board-like floating breakwater of buoyancy tank-level of the vertical guide pile anchoring of pattern is ideal；Set when anchor chain is anchored
The transmission coefficient of one laminate can at most reduce 0.2, and motor imagination and stress on anchor chain are respectively less than single floating box type floating breakwater.Xiao
Clouds and Wang Yongxue et al. application boundary unit technique study wave floating breakwater INTERACTION PROBLEMS board-like with the level of double buoyancy tanks one,
One layer of level board for being placed in double buoyancy tank bottoms is included in structure, numerical simulation result shows in the certain condition of buoyancy tank overall width
The lower pair of board-like floating breakwater of buoyancy tank-level has preferable wave absorbing effect compared with folk prescription case-board-like floating breakwater of level,
But motion amplitude is larger and stress on anchor chain is larger.Yang Biao et al.]The floating breakwater that level board is installed in double buoyancy tank bottoms is carried out
Physical model test, when wave absorbing effect when as a result showing two-ply is better than a laminate, and its transmission coefficient less water
The situation of flat board can at most reduce 0.4 or so；When relative width is more than 0.30, transmission coefficient can be controlled in less than 0.35, together
When motor imagination be also obviously reduced, but stress on anchor chain can increase.
(4) buoyancy tank-other loss wave energy structural formula floating breakwaters
Buoyancy tank combines the unrestrained performance that disappears that other loss wave energy structures can improve floating breakwater, because fabricated structure will be floating
Box structure is changed into wave energy and reflects-be lost mixed type floating breakwater by wave energy reflection-type.Wave energy loss structure mainly includes grid
Column structure, truss structure, membrane structure and air chamber structure etc..
The floating box type floating breakwater that buoyancy tank is combined with fence or truss structure is strengthened using fence structure or truss structure
Water body turbulent fluctuation, such that wave breaking increases wave energy loss, so as to improve the unrestrained performance that disappears.Mani proposes one kind in buoyancy tank bottom
The Y type floating breakwaters of cylinder are equidistantly installed, the row's cylinder of bottom one can make wave energy decay, and result of study shows the floating
Breakwater can make transmission coefficient when relative width is 0.15 or so less than 0.5, reduce wave period it is more long when it is wide to floating embankment
The requirement of degree.Murali and Mani propose " cage " floating being made up of forward and backward two rows buoyancy tank and its underpart solid matter pipe to be prevented
Ripple dike, result of study shows that the floating breakwater can reach most of floating embankment structure relative widths and be when relative width is 0.15
Wave absorbing effect when 0.4.When Huang Zhenhua etc. are connected to buoyancy tank bottom by physical experiments to whetheing there is notching construction
Hydrodynamic characterisitic contrasted, as a result show that the notching construction for being connected to buoyancy tank bottom can significantly improve floating breakwater
Wave absorbing effect and do not increase the motor imagination of floating embankment.Matsunaga etc. is prevented the floating designed by Japanese Saiki iron companies
The unrestrained performance that disappears of ripple dike is studied, and the floating breakwater is made up of buoyancy tank and front and rear steel truss, and research shows before buoyancy tank
Steel truss incidence wave wave can be made broken so as to improve wave absorbing effect.
Single or multiple lift membrane structure (nylon membrane, glass fabric etc.) can disappear as floating breakwater and wave and screen phase
Close waters.Setting single or multiple lift membrane structure in buoyancy tank bottom can improve the unrestrained performance that disappears of floating breakwater.Hermanson is carried
The floating box type floating breakwater that bottom connects single thin film is gone out, experimental study shows all operating mode lower bottom part connection individual layers
The wave absorbing effect of the floating box type floating breakwater of film is better than the situation without film, and transmission coefficient averagely reduces by 12% or so,
17% can at most be reduced.Sung Tai Kee have carried out numerical value to the floating box type floating breakwater that bottom connects 3 layer film structures
Analog study, as a result shows under positive wave and diagonal wave effect, 3 layer film structures of bottom can strengthen the whole of floating breakwater
Body wave absorbing effect.
(5) floating raft type floating breakwater
Floating raft type floating breakwater is wave energy loss type floating breakwater, and main utilization floating body rubs with the neighbouring water body of the water surface
The motion of water body is come incident wave of decaying near wiping effect, the interference water surface.Floating raft type floating breakwater is easily fabricated and safeguards, and
It is low-cost compared with floating box type and float-type floating breakwater, but wave absorbing effect is relatively poor, the width one of buoyant raft structure
As to reach one times of wavelength or so and can just effectively act as wave damping effect.Research to junked tire formula floating breakwater both at home and abroad
It is relatively many with application.Junked tire formula floating breakwater is divided into Wave-Maze types, Goodyear types according to different layout patterns
With Wave-Guard types etc., wherein tire is linked to be rigid entirety by Wave-Guard types by rod member, waste and old compared to other patterns
Rubber-tyred floating breakwater wave absorbing effect is preferable.Rigidity, gradient, the gear unrestrained area and the natural frequency of vibration etc. from raft body such as Wu Weideng
Aspect is improved steel pipe-rubber-tyred floating breakwater structure, can increase reflection and consumption of the buoyant raft to wave energy, can be
Make that the transmission coefficient of buoyant raft is minimum to reach 0.22 under the conditions of less favorable incidence wave.Taiwan Yu Li human relations and Yu Yijun are waste and old to one kind
Rubber-tyred floating breakwater has carried out experimental study, shows that the floating embankment is smaller for flow rate of water flow, the larger sea situation of the wave height wave that disappears
Effect is preferable.Zhang Yu and Wang Yongxue etc. has carried out experimental study to junked tire floating breakwater, as a result shows to test model at it
When enclosing Nei Dangdi and being wider than 0.6 times of wavelength, transmission coefficient is less than 0.5；Anchor chain rigidity and anchor chain mop floor length to transmission coefficient
Influence is not obvious；Anchor chain power increases with the increase of wave height and anchor chain rigidity, with anchor chain mop floor length increase and reduce.
For floating raft type floating breakwater, in addition to junked tire formula, the also floating raft type floating breakwater of other patterns
Propose.Wu Jingping etc. imitates the structure type of water plant " cursory ", devises a kind of breakwater of new model, and polylith is circular
Plank flexible connection is integral, is laid in the water surface, and result of study shows that the structure has wave absorbing effect, and using mooring under water
Mode when fixing wave absorbing effect better than mooring in the situation on bank.Wu Wu and Wu Songren is to for screening Wharf Construction region
Bamboo raft formula floating breakwater has carried out physical model test, and result of the test shows that bamboo raft formula floating breakwater is arranged as the wave that disappears
Apply with certain engineering practical value, wave dissipation effect is obvious in blasnket area.Hegde etc. by multilayer PVC pipes to being horizontally staggered
The floating raft type floating breakwater of arrangement has been carried out in physical model test, trial stretch when floating embankment relative width is
Transmission coefficient is 0.6 or so when 1.0.
(6) other pattern floating breakwaters
Except various floating box types (float-type) and floating raft type floating breakwater structural shape, also there is the floating of other structures pattern
The proposition of formula breakwater, such as floating breakwater of A shapes framework floating breakwater, plate-net formula and loose structure.A shape framework floating
Breakwater is proposed that its design principle is floating embankment structure is had larger rotary inertia by Canadian scholar.Dong Guohai and Zheng Yan
Na etc. proposes one kind by plate, net and heavy molecular plate-net formula floating breakwater, and by physical model test
Disappear unrestrained performance of the plate-net formula floating breakwater under pure wave effect and under wave and tidal co-action, result of study shows this floating
Breakwater has preferable wave absorbing effect, and it can be applied to deep-sea breeding industry, but specific design parameter need to be according to local reality
Depending on wave and flow condition.Wang Huanyu and Sun Zhaochen considering on the basis of blocking reflected, turbulent fluctuation power consumption and crest dissipate etc.,
Propose by the assembled loose structure floating embankment of many rhombus modules of multilayer, and physical experiments have been carried out to the structure floating embankment
Research, result of study shows that the structure floating embankment wave energy loss is more, and reflexion of wave is less, and wave absorbing effect is good and small by wave force.
The method for designing and Research Thinking of these floating breakwater structural shapes are further research floating breakwater structural shape, raising
Floating breakwater wave absorbing effect provides actively reference.
Double board-like floating breakwaters of buoyancy tank-level, the structure by two floating square chests and two-layer level board constitute it is firm
Property component, be connected with the bottom by anchor chain, constitute floating breakwater, its disappear unrestrained performance and relative width, relative wave height and anchor chain
The factors such as rigidity are relevant.Existing floating breakwater structure is primarily present following shortcoming：
(1) existing floating breakwater haves the shortcomings that wave absorbing effect is poor, especially when wave period is more long.This be due to
Floating breakwater is larger with wave motion when wave period is more long, and reflex and the wave energy loss effect of its external sea wave subtract
It is weak, become big to the wave after dike thoroughly；
(2) when wave height is larger, floating breakwater structure stress is larger, and the security of validity period structure is difficult to ensure.This
Be because floating breakwater is typically anchored using anchor chain or vertical guide pile, under wave action floating breakwater with wave motion,
The floating breakwater meeting strenuous exercise when billow is acted on, the athletic meeting for limiting buoyancy tank produces very big power, the peace of structure to structure
Full property is difficult to ensure.
(3) and for the labyrinth floating breakwater of some unrestrained better performances that disappear, although the structural type for proposing both at home and abroad
Formula is more, but in billow floating breakwater structure by wave force is big, structure inherently safe is difficult to ensure, the security drop of structure
It is low.For example for double board-like floating breakwaters of buoyancy tank-level, although the more traditional single floating box type floating breakwater of its wave absorbing effect
Improved, but the stress of anchor chain increases, and the wave force that lower horizontal plate is subject to is also very big, the security reduction of structure.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention to provide a kind of porous floating breakwater, disappear
Unrestrained effect is good, structure stress is small, security is good, simple structure, build convenient, applied widely, has to port engineering wave resistance
Important practical significance.
Technical scheme：In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of porous floating breakwater of the invention, comprising several sequentially
The breakwater unit of connection, the breakwater unit includes the first buoyancy tank, the second buoyancy tank, connecting rod and two-layer vertical plate, described
First buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank are rigidly connected by connecting rod, and the first buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank are by anchor chain and anchoring balancing weight
Connection is anchored, and two vertical plates are fixedly mounted in connecting rod, are equipped with some water holes on two vertical plates, vertically
The percent opening of plate water hole is 9%~11%.
Preferably, the profile of first buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank is consistent, width is B, and the first buoyancy tank and second float
Spacing between case is D, and the scope of D/2B is 1.0~1.5.
Preferably, described two vertical plates are in the first buoyancy tank and the altitude range open interior of the second buoyancy tank, and vertical plate
The percent opening of water hole is 9%~11%.
Preferably, the two ends of two vertical plates are separately installed with a lagging, lagging constitutes one with vertical plate
" well " font, also is provided with some water holes on lagging, and the percent opening of water hole is 9%~11%.
Preferably, the connecting rod is provided with external screw thread, vertical plate is by the first locking nut of both sides by vertical plate
It is locked in connecting rod, groove is provided with the two ends of vertical plate, the two ends of lagging is extended with boss, and boss passes through groove, boss
L-type connector is connected between vertical plate, L-type connector is connected with boss and vertical plate by bolt.
Preferably, the vertical plate is arc shape.
Preferably, four angles of the vertical plate are equipped with connection boss, connection boss has been bolted support
Bar, support bar is connected with adapter sleeve, and adapter sleeve is locked in connecting rod by the second locking nut.
Beneficial effect：Porous floating breakwater of the invention, wave absorbing effect is good, structure stress is small, security is good, structure is simple
Single, construction is convenient, applied widely, has important practical significance to port engineering wave resistance.Porous floating breakwater can be applied
In the waters of moderate wave intensity, be applied to the fields such as port and pier, offshore construction, sea-farming, bathing beach, play not every
Inside and outside disconnected port water body exchange, reduce in port deposit, by the depth of water limited it is small, advantage rapid, easy to maintenance is built, to China harbour
Positive facilitation is played with coastal engineering construction, seashore resources development and utilization and environmental protection；Porous floating breakwater
Popularization and application will bring very big social benefit and economic benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention.
Fig. 2 is side view of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of " well " font vertical plate in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that vertical plate is the structural representation of arc in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the relativity figure with existing single floating box type floating breakwater of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the relativity figure that the perforate of vertical plate structure influences on structure stress in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of porous floating breakwater of the invention, comprising the breakwater that several are sequentially connected with
Unit, adjacent breakwater unit can be connected by hinge flex, and the breakwater unit includes the first buoyancy tank 1, the second buoyancy tank
4th, connecting rod 2 and two-layer vertical plate 3, the buoyancy tank 4 of first buoyancy tank 1 and second are rigidly connected by connecting rod 2, the first buoyancy tank 1
It is connected and is anchored with anchoring balancing weight 7 by leading anchor hole 5 and anchor chain 6 with the second buoyancy tank 4, two vertical plates 3 is fixedly mounted
In connecting rod 2, some water holes are equipped with two vertical plates 3, the percent opening of vertical plate water hole is 9%~11%.
When the perforate on vertical plate 3 is excessive, it is impossible to stop wave propagation well, effect of energy dissipation is bad, when perforate on vertical plate 3
When few, the impact of wave is born completely due to vertical plate 3, cause that the stress of vertical plate 3 is larger, easy loss, reduce the safety of structure
Property and durability, for a long time using poor practicability, by prolonged research, when the percent opening of water hole is 9%~11%,
The effect of energy dissipation of vertical plate is good, and vertical plate security and good endurance, long service life.
In this present invention, first buoyancy tank 1 is consistent with the profile of the second buoyancy tank 4, and width is B, the He of the first buoyancy tank 1
Spacing between second buoyancy tank 4 is D, and the scope of D/2B is 1.0~1.5, is 1.0~1.5 in front and rear buoyancy tank relative spacing D/2B
When double floating box type floating embankments wave transmission coefficient compared to minimum, the wave absorbing effect of double floating box type floating embankments is compared to best.It is described vertical
Plate 3 between the first buoyancy tank 1 and the altitude range open interior of the second buoyancy tank 4, double buoyancy tanks vertical plate in full plate altitude range open interior
When floating embankment wave transmission coefficient be all higher than situation of the vertical plate in buoyancy tank altitude range open interior.It is and perpendicular in trial stretch
Situation of the straight panel in buoyancy tank altitude range open interior is compared, and the wave of vertical plate floating embankment in full plate altitude range open interior is saturating
Penetrate coefficient and averagely increase 5.6%.So, in order to improve between the unrestrained performance that disappears of porous floating breakwater, double buoyancy tanks set it is porous
Vertical plate structure should be in buoyancy tank altitude range open interior.
In the present invention, the two ends of two vertical plates 3 are separately installed with a lagging 9, lagging 9 and the structure of vertical plate 3
Into " well " font, some water holes also are provided with lagging 9, the percent opening of water hole is 9%~11%.By
The medicining wave structure of " well " font is provided between one buoyancy tank 1 and the second buoyancy tank 4, wave can be cut down multi-directionly, significantly
Ground reduces the impact of wave.The connecting rod 2 is provided with external screw thread, and vertical plate 3 will be perpendicular by the first locking nut 10 of both sides
Straight panel 3 is locked in connecting rod 2, and groove is provided with the two ends of vertical plate 3, and the two ends of lagging 9 are extended with boss, and boss passes through recessed
Groove, is connected with L-type connector 8 between boss and vertical plate 3, L-type connector 8 is connected with boss and vertical plate 3 by bolt.
By L-type part, very easily the medicining wave structure to " well " font is mounted and dismounted, and all of structure can be at the scene
Install and adjust, transport and construction are very convenient.
In the present invention, the vertical plate 3 is arc shape, and four angles of the vertical plate 3 are equipped with connection boss, is connected
Boss has been bolted support bar 11, and the connecting seat bolt connection on support bar 11 and adapter sleeve 12, adapter sleeve 12 passes through
Second locking nut 14 is locked in connecting rod 2, and total is similar to umbrella-shaped structure.For whole arc shape vertical plate 3, due to
Wave action will be asynchronous, and floating embankment structure can diminish with wave motion, and wave absorbing effect is more preferable.And because vertical plate is arc
Shape, the strength structure for whole vertical plate 3 is also improved well, and service life can be significantly enhanced.
Front and rear buoyancy tank and loose structure combine, and on the one hand double floating box structures cause that the rotary inertia of floating breakwater becomes
Greatly, floating breakwater diminishes with the motion of wave, and floating breakwater strengthens the reflex of wave, and another aspect wave is passed through
Preceding buoyancy tank is lost more between double buoyancy tanks by porous vertical plate, and the porous vertical plate between double buoyancy tanks enhances wave energy loss.It is many
Hole floating breakwater constitute wave energy reflect-hybrid architecture is lost, from increasing the reflection of external sea wave and enhancing wave energy loss
Two aspects improve the wave absorbing effect of floating breakwater, while loose structure stress is small, security is good, simple structure and construction side
Just.
Wave transmission coefficient CtIt is the important indicator of floating breakwater wave absorbing effect, it is to enter before wave height and dike are transmitted after dike
Ejected wave ratio high.Wave transmission coefficient CtSmaller, the wave absorbing effect of floating breakwater is better.By two-dimensional flume physical model
The wave transmission coefficient of porous floating breakwater has been carried out comparative analysis by experiment with existing single floating box type floating breakwater, is such as schemed
Shown in 5, wherein a figures represent the wave transmission coefficient of porous floating breakwater and existing single floating box type floating in unrestrained a height of 1.5m
The relativity of breakwater, b figures represent that the wave transmission coefficient of porous floating breakwater is floating with existing list in unrestrained a height of 2.5m
The relativity of box floating breakwater.The wave transmission coefficient of porous floating breakwater and existing single floating box type floating breakwater
Compared to reducing 0.16~0.25, average relatively reduced 33.5%, the wave absorbing effect of porous floating breakwater and existing single floating box type
Floating breakwater is compared and substantially improved.
Fig. 6 is wave force F suffered by ground floor vertical plate when vertical plate perforate is with not perforate between wave buoyancy tanks double in 2.5m highb
Relativity (positive force to be represented and represent opposite with wave direction anti-with wave direction identical forward direction horizontal force, opposite force
To horizontal force), wherein a represents the graph of a relation of positive force and wave period, and b represents the graph of a relation of opposite force and wave period.It is double
Between buoyancy tank set two-layer vertical plate when, vertical plate when buoyancy tank altitude range open interior 10.7% is with not perforate compared with ground floor erect
Positive wave force averagely reduces 10.1% suffered by straight panel, and reverse wave force averagely reduces 16.7%.With vertical plate not perforate phase
Than during vertical plate perforate, the forward and reverse wave force suffered by vertical plate is obviously reduced, and vertical plate perforate can improve floating and prevent
The security of ripple embankment structure.
Reflected because porous floating breakwater constitutes wave energy-hybrid architecture is lost, reflected from external sea wave is increased
With the wave absorbing effect that the enhancing aspect of wave energy loss two substantially improves floating breakwater, the wave absorbing effect of porous floating breakwater with
Existing single floating box type floating breakwater is compared and improves 33.5%；Vertical plate perforate causes that the wave force suffered by structure substantially subtracts
Small, vertical plate perforate can improve the security of structure.Meanwhile, porous floating breakwater simple structure builds convenient, expands floating
The scope of application of formula breakwater, can be applied to the waters of moderate wave intensity, is applied to port and pier, offshore construction, seawater and supports
Grow, the field such as bathing beach.
Porous floating breakwater wave energy reflects-hybrid architecture is lost, from increasing external sea wave reflection and enhancing wave energy
The aspect of loss two substantially improves the wave absorbing effect of floating breakwater, while structure stress is small, security is good, simple structure, build
Make conveniently, can be applied to the waters of moderate wave intensity, be applied to port and pier, offshore construction, sea-farming, bathing beach etc.
Field, performance do not separate water body inside and outside port exchange, reduce in port deposit, by the depth of water limited it is small, build rapid, easy to maintenance excellent
Point, positive facilitation is played to the construction of China port and coastal engineering, seashore resources development and utilization and environmental protection.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of porous floating breakwater, it is characterised in that：Comprising the breakwater unit that several are sequentially connected with, adjacent anti-ripple
Dike unit can be connected by hinge flex, and the breakwater unit is vertical comprising the first buoyancy tank, the second buoyancy tank, connecting rod and two-layer
Plate, first buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank are rigidly connected by connecting rod, and the first buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank pass through anchor chain and anchor
Pool balancing weight connection is anchored, and two vertical plates are fixedly mounted in connecting rod, and some mistakes are equipped with two vertical plates
Water hole, the percent opening of water hole is 9%~11% on vertical plate.
2. porous floating breakwater according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：First buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank it is outer
Shape is consistent, and width is B, and the spacing between the first buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank is D, and the scope of D/2B is 1.0~1.5.
3. porous floating breakwater according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The vertical plate is in the first buoyancy tank and second
The altitude range open interior of buoyancy tank, and the percent opening of vertical plate water hole is 9%~11%.
4. porous floating breakwater according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The two ends of two vertical plates are separately installed with
One lagging, lagging constitutes " well " font with vertical plate, and some water holes also are provided with lagging, water hole
Percent opening is 9%~11%.
5. porous floating breakwater according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The connecting rod is provided with external screw thread, erects
Be locked at vertical plate in connecting rod by the first locking nut of both sides by straight panel, and groove, lagging are provided with the two ends of vertical plate
Two ends be extended with boss, boss passes through groove, and L-type connector is connected between boss and vertical plate, is connected L-type by bolt
Fitting is connected with boss and vertical plate.
6. porous floating breakwater according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The vertical plate is arc shape.
7. porous floating breakwater according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Four angles of the vertical plate are equipped with company
Boss is connect, connection boss has been bolted support bar, and support bar is connected with adapter sleeve, and adapter sleeve passes through the second locking nut
It is locked in connecting rod.
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| CN110172954A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-27 | 刘广 | Block unrestrained drift in sea |
| CN110457847A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-15 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Floating breakwater design parameter determines method |
| CN110498517A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-26 | 华川技术有限公司 | A kind of unrestrained floating body that disappears with ecological restoration function |
| CN111074842A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-04-28 | 滁州欣皓工程技术有限公司 | Floating air bag type wave-preventing and wave-dissipating structure and construction method thereof |
| CN113265981A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-17 | 华南理工大学 | Parabolic double-body floating box type breakwater device and installation method thereof |
| CN113326560A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-08-31 | 中国海洋大学 | Design method of open-hole breakwater and breakwater |
| CN113818395A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-12-21 | 广州船舶及海洋工程设计研究院（中国船舶工业集团公司第六0五研究院） | Breakwater floating block unit and floating breakwater structure |
| CN117390743A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-01-12 | 河海大学 | Submerged porous structure forming method for achieving protection by reducing wave height of shallow water area |
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| CN113326560B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-10-29 | 中国海洋大学 | Design method of open-hole breakwater and breakwater |
| CN117390743A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-01-12 | 河海大学 | Submerged porous structure forming method for achieving protection by reducing wave height of shallow water area |
| CN117390743B (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-04-30 | 河海大学 | Submerged porous structure forming method for achieving protection by reducing wave height of shallow water area |
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