CN106831800B - 一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针及应用 - Google Patents

一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针及应用 Download PDF

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CN106831800B
CN106831800B CN201710019765.3A CN201710019765A CN106831800B CN 106831800 B CN106831800 B CN 106831800B CN 201710019765 A CN201710019765 A CN 201710019765A CN 106831800 B CN106831800 B CN 106831800B
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赵红
江道勇
王志飞
王肖肖
薛兴颖
汤雪娇
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Southeast University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针及应用,该探针的结构式如下:该荧光探针在含有VO2+和Cu2+的缓冲溶液中,利用荧光和紫外可见吸收光谱可分别检测识别VO2+和Cu2+。该探针对VO2+和Cu2+的识别都有优良的选择性,抗干扰能力强,具有较好的传感性质,检测限低、检测灵敏度高;后续加入焦磷酸根离子之后,焦磷酸根离子与VO2+、Cu2+结合,配位的金属离子释放出来,该荧光探针中的酰肼又回到闭环状态,体系的荧光迅速降低,实现了荧光探针分子的可逆操作。所述荧光探针可以很好的应用于环境污染或生物体内Cu2+及VO2+的检测。

Description

一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针及应用,属于金属阳离子识别技术领域。
背景技术
荧光分子探针因其具有好的选择性、高的灵敏度、价格低廉和操作简便,并且能够快速、实时、原位定量检测和分析等优点,在工业、农业、医药学、环境检测等各个方面都有广泛的应用,引起了化学领域研究者的广泛关注。近年来,设计和合成高选择性荧光探针检测过渡和重金属离子是化学研究领域重要研究方向之一。
铜是生命系统中重要的微量元素和必须的营养素。在各种过渡和重金属离子中,除了锌和铁,铜在人体中排名第三位。其作为多种金属酶辅助因子的催化剂在生物系统中扮演着十分关键的角色。Cu2+在环境、生物、化学体系中具有重要作用,比如Cu2+与一些生理反应有关,细胞中的铜离子浓度超标,会导致抑制神经性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病和肮病毒病等,高浓度的铜容易造成胃肠不适和肝肾损坏。高浓度的铜会对环境和生物体系造成危害,比如过高浓度的铜容易阻碍海洋和河流的自净能力,破坏水中的生物后处理系统。另一方面,钒是人体必需的微量元素,在环境、工业及生物体内扮演着重要的角色。有实验显示,钒调节(Nak)-ATP酶、调节磷酰转移酶、腺苷酸环化酶、蛋白激酶类的辅因子,与体内激素,蛋白质,脂类代谢关系密切。四价态钒为氧钒基阳离子,易与蛋白质结合形成复合物,而防止被氧化。其在人体健康方面的作用,营养学界,医学界至今仍不是很清楚,仍处在进一步发掘的过程中,但可以确定,钒有重要作用。一般认为,它可能有助于防止胆固醇蓄积、降低过高的血糖、防止龋齿、帮助制造红血球、保护心脏等。因此运用荧光探针来检测钒、铜离子的浓度对环境保护和人体健康具有十分重大的意义。
与荧光素相比,罗丹明具有较好的光稳定性与较宽的光谱可调范围,是一类广泛应用于生物传感与材料科学的荧光分子,由于其较大的摩尔吸光系数,较高的荧光量子产率,较长的吸收和发射波长,使其广泛应用于设计荧光增强(或猝灭)型探针。但能实现裸眼识别、可逆操作,可循环利用的罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光分子目前鲜见相关文献报道。以罗丹明B的内酰胺形式设计的金属离子探针,通过罗丹明B关环的无荧光和开环的强荧光实现对金属离子的响应,有望实现上述效果。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是提供一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针及其应用,该探针可以在相同溶剂中通过不同检测通道分别识别VO2+和Cu2+,并且具有良好的灵敏度、较强的抗干扰能力,可以循环利用。
技术方案:本发明提供了一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针,该荧光探针具体结构式如下:
上述罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的反应式为:
具体步骤如下:将罗丹明B溶解在无水乙醇中与水合肼按照上述反应式进行反应,生成中间体M1,产率为78-85%;之后将M1溶于无水乙醇中,最后依次加入3,5-二溴水杨醛的乙醇溶液、冰乙酸进行反应,反应结束后,过滤沉淀物并洗涤、经重结晶后得到罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针,产率为72-80%。
本发明还提供了一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的应用,该探针在含有VO2+和Cu2+的缓冲溶液中,利用两种不同的检测光谱分别识别VO2+和Cu2+
其中:
所述的缓冲溶液为二甲基亚砜溶液或者二甲基亚砜溶液与0.01-0.05mol/L的Tris-HCl溶液按体积比7:3-99:1混合得到的混合液,其中所述的Tris-HCl溶液的pH值为6-8。
所述的识别VO2+的检测光谱是荧光光谱。
所述的识别Cu2+的检测光谱是紫外-可见吸收光谱。
所述荧光探针在缓冲溶液中识别VO2+或Cu2+后,向溶液中加入焦磷酸根离子,通过焦磷酸根离子与VO2+或Cu2+结合,将VO2+或Cu2+从该荧光探针中释放出来,使得该荧光探针的结构恢复到识别前的状态,实现荧光探针的可逆操作。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)该荧光探针具有罗丹明B类荧光团,螺内酰胺与VO2+和Cu2+作用开环后,由闭环状态的无荧光变为强荧光或强吸收,实现了对VO2+的荧光增强和Cu2+的吸收增强识别,检测灵敏度高。
(2)该荧光探针对VO2+和Cu2+的识别都有优良的选择性,与其它常见金属离子作用荧光信号或吸收信号基本没有变化,抗干扰能力强,具有较好的传感性质,检测限低。
(3)通过调控荧光探针的检测手段来控制选择性,使荧光探针离子实现多功能化,即仅通过改变所检测的光谱就可以方便的实现对VO2+和Cu2+两种不同金属离子的选择性,既可以节约检测费用,又节省了检测时间。
(4)该荧光探针能够通过向识别后的溶液中加入焦磷酸根离子实现循环利用,既高效又经济环保。
附图说明
图1是罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的单晶结构图;
图2是罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的质谱谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步阐明本发明,但实施例并不限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:合成罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针
合成罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的反应式:
合成罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的具体步骤:
1)罗丹明B酰肼中间体M1的合成:称取1.2g罗丹明B,溶于30mL无水乙醇中,室温下剧烈搅拌,逐滴加入3.0-5.0mL 85wt%的水合肼,滴加完毕后继续搅拌0.5h,随后升温回流反应12h至溶液变为橙黄色,冷却,减压旋蒸去除溶剂,加入1N HCl 50-60mL,搅拌条件下加入1mol/L NaOH 70-80mL至溶液pH值为9-10左右,出现大量的沉淀,抽滤,用蒸馏水洗涤3次,置于真空干燥箱中干燥过夜,收率为78-85%。
2)双通道荧光探针的合成:称取中间体M1(0.9124g,2mmol)溶于40mL的无水乙醇中;另称取3,5-二溴水杨醛(0.5738g,2.05mmol)溶于10mL无水乙醇,置于恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加至上述溶液中,加入2-3d冰乙酸,于室温下搅拌反应12h,沉淀过滤,乙醇洗涤3次,用乙醇:甲醇(2:1,V/V)混合溶剂重结晶得到纯品,产率72-78%,将得到的纯品用乙腈:丙酮(2:1,V/V)混合溶剂溶解,置于烧杯中室温下自然挥发,3天后得到单晶,得到所述罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针,并用X-射线单晶衍射、红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱/碳谱确认其结构式为:
分析所得的罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的基本数据:
单晶衍射表征结构图(如图1)。
高分辨质谱(电喷雾,正模式)表征:C35H34N4O3Br2的分子质量M理论计算值为718.462;实测值[M+H]+,719.10321(如图2)。
实施例2:罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针对VO2+和Cu2+的选择性检测:
20μmol/L罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和0.01mol/L、pH=7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液的体积比为4:1的混合溶液,分别加入200μmol/L的金属离子(Mg2+,Al3+,Ca2+,Cr3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Sn2+,Ba2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,VO2+,La3+,Ce3+,Pr3+,Nd3+,Sm3+,Eu3+,Dy3+,Er3+,Th4+,Cu2+),0.5h后检测溶液的荧光发射光谱变化及紫外可见吸收光谱变化。由检测结果可知,罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针自身在586nm处几乎没有发射峰,在560nm处几乎没有吸收峰;当加入VO2+离子后,罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针溶液在586nm处出现强发射峰,当加入Cu2+离子后,罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针溶液在560nm处出现强吸收峰;然而其它金属离子,如Mg2+,Al3+,Ca2+,Cr3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Ni2 +,Zn2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Sn2+,Ba2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,La3+,Ce3+,Pr3+,Nd3+,Sm3+,Eu3+,Dy3+,Er3+,Th4+加入后,罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针溶液在586nm处的发射峰无明显增强,在560nm处的吸收峰亦无明显增强;实验结果表明,只有加入VO2+,才能引起罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针溶液的显著荧光增强,只有加入Cu2+才能引起罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针溶液的显著吸收增强;该罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针在DMSO和0.01mol/L、pH=7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液的体积比为4:1的混合溶液中对VO2+和Cu2+具有良好的选择性。
实施例3:罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针对VO2+和Cu2+的荧光滴定实验:
20μmol/L罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和0.05mol/L、pH=8的Tris-HCl缓冲液的体积比为7:3的混合溶液,逐步增加加入的VO2+和Cu2+的浓度,0.5h后测试各试样的荧光光谱及吸收光谱。由检测结果可以看出,随着VO2+和Cu2+浓度的逐渐增大,罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针溶液在586nm处的荧光强度逐渐增大,在560nm处的吸收强度也逐渐增大,当VO2+和Cu2+的浓度分别增大到400μmol/L左右时,滴定达到饱和,发射强度及吸收强度不再增大;这也说明该罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针对VO2+和Cu2+具有较好的传感性质。
实施例4:罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针对VO2+和Cu2+识别的竞争实验:
20μmol/L罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的二甲基亚砜DMSO溶液,分别加入200μmol/L的其它金属离子(Mg2+,Al3+,Ca2+,Cr3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Sn2+,Ba2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,La3+,Ce3+,Pr3+,Nd3+,Sm3+,Eu3+,Dy3+,Er3+,Th4+),0.5h后测试各溶液的荧光光谱;然后向以上各个含有金属离子的溶液中分别加入200μmol/L的VO2+或Cu2+,放置0.5h后再分别测试各个溶液的荧光光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱。由所得结果可以看出,共存的其它金属离子对VO2+的荧光识别、对Cu2+的紫外可见吸收识别没有显著干扰。
实施例5:罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针对VO2+和Cu2+检测限的计算:
检测限根据荧光光谱或紫外可见吸收光谱滴定数据计算。以I/I0(I为各试样的荧光强度,I0为不加氧钒离子时探针溶液的荧光强度)为纵坐标,VO2+浓度为横坐标作图。在氧钒离子为8μmol/L到100μmol/L的浓度范围内,线性关系较好(R=0.99783),直线方程为y=-450.54123+45.03697*106CVO 2+。利用公式DL=3σ/S(σ为空白实验标准方差,S为直线斜率),经计算检测限为1.05nmol/L。以试样的吸收强度为纵坐标,Cu2+浓度为横坐标作图。在铜离子为8μmol/L到100μmol/L的浓度范围内,线性关系较好(R=0.99568),直线方程为y=0.10722*105x-0.08024,利用公式DL=3σ/S(σ为空白实验标准方差,S为直线斜率),经计算检测限为8.39×10-7mol/L。探针对两种金属离子都具有较低的检测限。
实施例6:罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针对VO2+和Cu2+的识别可逆性:
20μmol/L罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的DMSO和0.025mol/L、pH=6的Tris-HCl缓冲液的体积比为99:1的混合溶液,分别加入200μmol/L的Cu2+和VO2+金属离子,然后向[RhDBS-Cu2+]和[RhDBS-VO2+]溶液中分别加入1000μmol/L的F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,CH3COO-,NO3 -,NO2 -,CO3 2-,SO4 2-,S2O3 2-,SO3 2-,H2PO4 -,HPO4 2-,H2PO2 -,PO4 3-水溶液和200μmol/L的P2O7 4-水溶液。当向反应液中加入焦磷酸根离子后,[RhDBS-Cu2+]的吸收强度基本降为零,即无吸收,溶液变为无色;而[RhDBS-VO2+]的荧光强度大幅减弱,颜色变为无色,在365nm紫外灯照射下基本观察不到荧光。所以,焦磷酸根离子可以实现本发明荧光探针的可逆识别。以罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针对VO2+的可逆识别为例:当向[RhDBS-VO2+]中加入30当量的阴离子后,荧光强度出现最大程度的下降,再继续向溶液中加入不同当量的VO2+后,荧光强度开始逐渐增大,当加入20当量的VO2+后,溶液的荧光强度基本上恢复到初始响应溶液的荧光强度。探针对两种金属离子的识别均具有较好的可逆性。

Claims (4)

1.一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:该荧光探针具体结构式如下:
该罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针在含有VO2+和Cu2+的缓冲溶液中,利用两种不同的检测光谱分别识别VO2+和Cu2+
所述缓冲溶液为二甲基亚砜溶液或二甲基亚砜溶液与0.01-0.05mol/L的Tris-HCl溶液按体积比7:3-99:1混合得到的混合液,其中所述的Tris-HCl溶液的pH值为6-8。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:所述的识别VO2+的检测光谱是荧光光谱。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:所述的识别Cu2+的检测光谱是紫外-可见吸收光谱。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种罗丹明衍生物类双功能荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:所述荧光探针在缓冲溶液中识别VO2+或Cu2+后,向缓冲溶液中加入焦磷酸根离子,通过焦磷酸根离子与VO2+或Cu2+结合,将VO2+或Cu2+从荧光探针中释放出来,使得该荧光探针的结构恢复到识别前的状态,实现荧光探针的可逆操作。
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