CN106830952B - 无水炮泥及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种无水炮泥及其制备方法,无水炮泥按重量份计,包含:高铝材料:20~50重量份,碳化硅:10~30重量份,焦炭:5~20重量份,氮化硅铁:8~25量份,球黏土:5~12重量份,陶土:3~10重量份,绢云母:3~10重量份,蓝晶石:3~8重量份,含碳树脂粉:2~5重量份,炭黑油:8~12重量份,乙二醇:1~3重量份,蒽油:3~5重量份,界面剂:0.3~1.0重量份,增塑剂:0.2~0.5重量份,按重量比预混炭黑油、乙二醇和蒽油形成混合油备用;原材料称好,加入混碾机干混3分钟;加混合油,混碾15~20分钟;加增塑剂,搅拌3~5分钟;检测合格形成产品。本发明对人体和环境安全,且高性能、低消耗、有良好的抗熔渣侵蚀、耐冲刷性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冶金用耐火材料领域,特别是涉及一种环保无水炮泥及其制备方法。
背景技术
无水炮泥是现代炼铁高炉用于堵铁口的耐火材料,其性能的优劣直接关系到高炉能否安全运行。随着高炉大型化、高风压、大量渣铁的排出,对堵铁口的炮泥质量要求越来越高。总体讲,高炉不出铁渣熔液时,无水炮泥填充在铁口内,使铁口维持足够的深度;高炉出铁时,铁口内的炮泥中心被钻出孔道,铁渣熔液通过孔道排出炉外,这要求炮泥维持铁口孔径稳定,出铁均匀,最终出净炉内的铁渣熔液。每天高炉的出铁口都要反复多次被打开和充填,炽热的铁水和熔渣对炮泥产生物理和化学作用,使炮泥损毁。为了使铁口工作状态稳定,满足高炉强化冶炼的需要,要求炮泥的作业性、体积稳定性、烧结性同时具有抗渣、铁液侵蚀和冲刷,抗氧化的特征。目前高炉出铁口炮泥广泛采用焦油和沥青结合的无水炮泥,在生产和使用过程中污染比较大,性能比较低,稳定性差,不能满足新环保形势和高炉发展的需要。树脂作为结合剂的无水炮泥仍然以沥青作为结合剂,没有做到真正的环保,同时树脂结合炮泥对现场的适应性差,容易出现打不动,硬炮现象,不能保证高炉出铁的顺行高产,市场接受程度低。
解决高炉发展中无水炮泥遇到环保和高消耗问题,是现代高炉发展的迫切需求。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有环保、高性能、低消耗、良好抗熔渣侵蚀、耐冲刷性能的高炉出铁口用环保无水炮泥及其制备方法。
基于上述目的,本发明采取如下技术方案:
本发明的无水炮泥,按质量百分比计,其原料组成如下:
高铝材料:20~50重量份,
碳化硅:10~30重量份,
焦炭:5~20重量份,
氮化硅铁:8~25重量份,
球黏土:5~12重量份,
陶土:3~10重量份,
绢云母:3~10重量份,
蓝晶石:3~8重量份,
含碳树脂粉:2~5重量份,
炭黑油:8~12重量份,
乙二醇:1~3重量份,
蒽油:3~5重量份,以及
界面剂:0.3~1.0重量份,
增塑剂:0.2~0.5重量份,
其中,所述的高铝材料为烧结矾土、均化矾土或电熔棕刚玉;所述含碳树脂粉为德国产Carbores P,其中碳含量大于80%;所述炭黑油中水含量小于0.1%;所述界面剂是TiO2和Si3N4的混合物,TiO2和Si3N4的比例范围为1:1~1:4;所述增塑剂为烷基苯磺酸等材料的添加,使炮泥达到绿色环保无水炮泥。
优选地,所述含碳树脂粉为德国产Carbores P,含碳树脂粉、沥青改性树脂等,其中碳含量大于80%。
优选地,所述炭黑油为国标炭黑油,其中水含量小于0.1%。
优选地,所述增塑剂为一种烷基苯磺酸,是司马化工生产的CLYDOL N 2002(结构简式R-C6H4-SO3-R)。
优选地,所述的高铝材料为烧结矾土、均化矾土或电熔棕刚玉中任一种或者多种组合使用。
本发明无水炮泥的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按质量比预混炭黑油、乙二醇和蒽油形成混合油,备用;
2)按质量比将原材料称量好,混合均匀后装入袋中备用;
3)将步骤2)中混合好的散料加入混碾机中干混2~3分钟;
4)再将步骤1)中的混合油加入步骤3)混碾15~20分钟;
5)按质量比加入增塑剂,搅拌3~5分钟;
6)记录炮泥温度,经检测合格后形成产品。
本发明无水炮泥中各种组分的主要作用简述如下:
一、本发明中采用预混炭黑油、乙二醇和蒽油形成混合油代替传统的焦油,同时添加增塑剂烷基苯磺酸(司马化工生产的CLYDOL N 2002,结构简式R-C6H4-SO3-R),使无水炮泥的有害气体排放达到欧盟标准,产品绿色环保,对人体和环境的伤害在安全范围内。
二、本发明含碳树脂代替沥青,结焦后所形成的碳网络结构降低渣铁对材料的润湿性,材料的抗侵蚀、耐冲刷和致密性得到改善。
三、本发明增塑剂烷基苯磺酸(司马化工生产的CLYDOL N 2002,结构简式R-C6H4-SO3-R)通过材料表面的分散,减少颗粒之间的摩擦,材料的塑性大大增加,同时保质期增长,产品稳定性提高。
四、本发明界面剂的加入,改变材料传统材料“以强克强”的技术思路,通过界面材料的物理化学行为研究,在高温固液界面形成动态二维动态“粘滞层”,控制粘滞层的厚度、粘度、物理化学等性能,有效抑制固液元素之间的相互渗透和侵蚀,降低熔融渣铁对固体材料化学侵蚀,提高耐火材料抗高温熔体渗透性,熔体与耐火材料可形成高熔点的界面挡墙,阻止熔渣渗入。
相对于传统采用焦油和沥青结合的无水炮泥,本发明的无水炮泥具有如下技术效果:
本发明在已有的高炉用Al2O3-SiC-C炮泥的基础上,改变结合系统,采用环保的炭黑油、含碳树脂粉、乙二醇和增塑剂代替传统炮泥的焦油和沥青,制备无水炮泥,产品的有害气体排放量小于500PPM,达到甚至超过欧盟标准,生产和使用过程中对人体和环境的伤害在安全范围,做到产品的绿色环保;同时含碳树脂的应用,结焦后所形成的碳网络结构降低渣铁对材料的润湿性,材料的抗侵蚀、耐冲刷和致密性得到改善。
表1传统炮泥与本发明炮泥性能对比
具体实施方式
实施例
本发明的高炉出铁口用环保无水炮泥各实施例的原料及其按重量份计量的含量如表2所列。
表2各实施例
各实施例的制造方法相同,其制造其方法如下:
①按照表2中设计比例预混炭黑油、乙二醇和蒽油形成混合油,备用;
②按照质量份计量比例,称取各种耐火原料,混合均匀后装入袋中备用;
③按照顺序首先把混合好的散料倒入试验用混碾机中混合2~3分钟,均匀后;然后加入按比例预混好的混合油混碾,混碾15~20分钟左右,混合油对散料润湿均匀后;按表2中设计比例添加增塑剂调整炮泥塑性;用马夏仪测定马夏值,马夏值达到规定标准即可包装,产品入库。
将实施例1-6制备的炮泥,经过在40mm×40mm×160mm的标准模具中压制成型,脱模后在电炉内对试块进行200℃的烘干处理及1450℃的埋炭热处理后,按照国家/行业标准中的规定测定抗折、耐压强度性能指标,线变化率、马夏值等性能指标,结果示于下面表3中。
表3专利产品性能指标
综上所述,本发明通过采用环保的炭黑油、含碳树脂粉、乙二醇和增塑剂代替传统炮泥的焦油和沥青,制备无水炮泥,可以使铁口工作状态稳定,满足高炉强化冶炼的需要,同时具有良好抗熔渣、铁液侵蚀和冲刷的有益效果;同时控制了有害气体的排放量,生产和使用过程中对人体和环境的伤害和污染在正常范围内,本发明环保无水炮泥具有较高的经济效益和社会效益。
以上对本发明优选实施例进行了描述,但本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,并不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可以做出很多形式,这些均属于本发明保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种无水炮泥,其特征在于,按重量份计,其原料组成如下:
高铝材料:20~50重量份,
碳化硅:10~30重量份,
焦炭:5~20重量份,
氮化硅铁:8~25重量份,
球黏土:5~12重量份,
陶土:3~10重量份,
绢云母:3~10重量份,
蓝晶石:3~8重量份,
含碳树脂粉:2~5重量份,
炭黑油:8~12重量份,
乙二醇:1~3重量份,
蒽油:3~5重量份,以及
界面剂:0.3~1.0重量份,
增塑剂:0.2~0.5重量份;
其中,所述含碳树脂粉中碳含量大于80%;所述炭黑油中水含量小于0.1%;所述界面剂是TiO2和Si3N4的混合物,TiO2和Si3N4的比例范围为1:1~1:4;所述增塑剂为烷基苯磺酸;所述的高铝材料为烧结矾土、均化矾土或电熔棕刚玉。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的无水炮泥的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)按质量比预混炭黑油、乙二醇和蒽油形成混合油,备用;
2)按质量比将原材料称量好,混合均匀后装入袋中备用;
3)将步骤2)中混合好的散料加入混碾机中干混2~3分钟;
4)再将步骤1)中的混合油加入步骤3)混碾15~20分钟;
5)按质量比加入增塑剂,搅拌3~5分钟;
6)记录炮泥温度,经检测合格后形成产品。
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