Aluminium alloy wheel hub of vehicle low temperature casting technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-pressure casting process, in particular to a kind of low-pressure casting process of aluminium alloy wheel hub of vehicle.
Background technique
Casting aluminium alloy wheel hub technique generally comprises: feeding, melts, refining, sampling, coming out of the stove, refining degasification and go bad, take
The techniques such as sample, metaideophone, parameter adjustment, die casting, inspection.And the parameter adjustment after metaideophone is extremely important in entire casting process,
Generally in the industry by liquid aluminium alloy temperature control in the holding furnace of metaideophone within the scope of 690 DEG C -710 DEG C, whole flow process includes rising
Liquid fills type, pressurization, pressure maintaining, natural cooling etc. and the adjustment and control of technological parameter." rising liquid " refers to liquid aluminium alloy in air pressure
Under the action of from liquid level enter the process that stalk rises to cast gate;" filling type ": refer to the pressure for keeping certain in holding furnace
In the case where enter liquid aluminium alloy in mold cavity by cast gate position with stable flow velocity and complete to fill the entire of type
Process;" pressurization " refers to after liquid aluminium alloy is full of type chamber, is further continued for increasing to certain pressure, mainly makes casting one
Effective feeding can also be carried out while crystallized and solidified under conditions of constant-pressure." pressure maintaining " refers to heat preservation furnace pressure
Pressure when castings crystallization is increased to, needs to continue to keep such pressure until casting solidification, crystallize rear to a certain extent
It can release." natural cooling " is after pressure maintaining terminates, the liquid aluminium alloy of stalk falls back to holding furnace, and casting is in mold closed form
The time that can be demoulded is naturally cooled under state.Current casting low-voltage device common in the industry is as shown in Figure 1,11 to keep the temperature in figure
Furnace, 12 be connecting flange, and 13 be stalk fixing sleeve, and 14 be low pressure board bottom plate, and 15 be vacuum cup, and 16 be sprue bush, and 17 are
Mold, 18 be stalk, and stalk bottom end extends in holding furnace and is located under liquid aluminium alloy liquid level, and heat preservation furnace upper end is upward
Extend the vacuum cup for stretching out holding furnace and extending to mold, keeps the temperature and be connected with connecting flange on furnace top surface, stalk is in connection method
Outer wall between blue and lower mould is cased with stalk fixing sleeve, and this structure has the following deficiencies: due to holding furnace and mold
The flange of connection and the length of stalk fixing sleeve are longer, and the thermal insulation material thickness low LCL of flange outer wall leads to liquid aluminium alloy
Temperature is scattered and disappeared excessively, and the heat loss after stalk enters mold cavity of the liquid aluminium alloy in holding furnace is larger, heat preservation
Liquid aluminium alloy temperature need to be improved within the scope of 690 DEG C -710 DEG C in furnace, production cost and energy consumption is all higher, production efficiency is low.
It is in industry it was verified that guarantee casting can form and guarantee consistency under the premise of, liquid aluminium alloy temperature it is more low more
It is good, it is therefore necessary to invent a kind of casting technique that can ensure casting quality qualification under cryogenic.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low-pressure casting process of aluminium alloy wheel hub of vehicle, the technique have it is at low cost,
The aluminium alloy wheel hub of vehicle low temperature casting technique that low energy consumption, high efficiency, production cycle are shorter.
The present invention to achieve the above object the technical solution adopted is that: a kind of aluminium alloy wheel hub of vehicle low temperature casting technique,
It after liquid aluminium alloy metaideophone after will test qualification enters holding furnace, then carries out a liter liquid, fill type, pressurization, pressure maintaining, natural cooling, protect
Liquid aluminium alloy metaideophone must not be entered protect by the volume of liquid aluminium alloy each time lower than the one third of heat preservation furnace volume in warm furnace
The time of warm furnace is 30-60 seconds, and the liquid aluminium alloy temperature in holding furnace controls within the scope of 660 DEG C -675 DEG C, rises the pressure of liquid
Power is 150-250 mbar, and the time of the liter liquid of one wheel hub of die casting each time is 5-11 seconds, dwell pressure 680-
730mbar, dwell time 100-140s.
A further technical solution of the present invention is: being equipped with a plurality of cooling wind in low pressure mold cooling system on holding furnace
Pipe, cooling duct include spreader air hose, the small bostle pipe of upper mold, bostle pipe II in upper mold, bostle pipe I, the big ring of upper mold in upper mold
Bostle pipe II in the small bostle pipe of air hose, lower die, lower die, bostle pipe I, the big bostle pipe of lower die, side form air hose in lower die, spreader wind
The center of upper mold is arranged in pipe, bostle pipe II in the small bostle pipe of upper mold, upper mold, bostle pipe I, the big ring wind of upper mold in upper mold
It manages, be separately positioned in upper mold and be arranged successively from inside to outside, bostle pipe II, lower die middle ring wind in the small bostle pipe of lower die, lower die
The big bostle pipe of pipe I, lower die is separately positioned in lower die and is arranged successively from inside to outside, side form air hose setting upper die and lower die it
Between side form lower half portion.
A further technical solution of the present invention is: the time that spreader air hose starts ventilating and cooling is from starting a liter liquid moment
Any moment starts ventilating and cooling in the section 70-130s after start of calculation, and being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 10-70s;The small ring of upper mold
Air hose start ventilating and cooling time be since start liter liquid moment start after ventilating and cooling any moment in the section 0-60s,
The time for keeping ventilating and cooling is 100-160s;It is from when starting liter liquid that bostle pipe II, which starts the time of ventilating and cooling, in upper mold
Any moment starts ventilating and cooling in the section 10-70s after quarter starts, and being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 90-150s;In upper mold
Since the time that bostle pipe I starts ventilating and cooling divulged information any moment in the section 50-110s after starting liter liquid moment start of calculation
Cooling, being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 30-90s;The time that the big bostle pipe of upper mold starts ventilating and cooling is from when starting liter liquid
Any moment starts ventilating and cooling in the section 50-110s after quarter starts, and being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 50-110s;Lower die
Since the time that small bostle pipe starts ventilating and cooling divulged information any moment in the section 30-90s after starting liter liquid moment start of calculation
Cooling, being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 70-130s;It is from starting to rise that bostle pipe II, which starts the time of ventilating and cooling, in lower die
Any moment starts ventilating and cooling in the section 30-90s after the liquid moment starts, and being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 50-110s;Under
In mould bostle pipe I start the time of ventilating and cooling be since start liter liquid moment start after in the section 30-90s any moment
Ventilating and cooling, being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 20-80s;The time that the big bostle pipe of lower die starts ventilating and cooling is from starting to rise
Any moment starts ventilating and cooling in the section 30-90s after the liquid moment starts, and being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 60-120s;Side
Mould air hose start ventilating and cooling time be since start liter liquid moment start after divulged information in the section 0-20s any moment it is cold
But, the time for keeping ventilating and cooling is 150-210s.
A further technical solution of the present invention is: being provided between the connecting flange of holding furnace roof and the vacuum cup of mold
Stalk attemperator, stalk attemperator include with connecting flange, stalk fixing sleeve and setting in stalk fixing sleeve
The stalk connector formed is made between inside and stalk outer wall by cast iron.
A further technical solution of the present invention is: the big lower section of through-hole upper section of the inside of the stalk fixing sleeve is small, on
The through-hole that section is relatively large in diameter is connect with the lesser through-hole of lower section diameter by the conical surface, and stalk connector includes fixing with stalk
The identical head of set upper section outer diameter and the cone for being connected to head end Yu stalk fixing sleeve cone match.
Aluminium alloy wheel hub of vehicle low temperature casting process of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1, after using present invention process, the liquid aluminium alloy temperature in holding furnace is compared with the liquid aluminium that general technology in the industry controls
Alloy temperature wants low 20 to 30 degree, and liquid aluminium alloy temperature is lower, is conducive to shorten casting solidification and cooling time, both casting
The single loop period of production is shorter, to improve production efficiency, while liquid aluminium alloy temperature is low is also beneficial to extend
The service life of mold, and then reduce production cost;
2, low to be conducive to fill type steady and shorten the curring time of casting for liquid aluminium alloy temperature;
3, liquid aluminium alloy temperature is low can be more readily formed directional solidification, reduce the volume of internal flaw and impurity, gas
Enter;
4, liquid aluminium alloy temperature low energy effectively reduces the scaling loss of alloying element inside liquid aluminium alloy, ensure that casting
Quality;
5, liquid aluminium alloy temperature is low, effectively raises the utilization rate of liquid aluminium alloy and reduces the usage amount of auxiliary material;
Aluminium alloy wheel hub of vehicle low temperature casting process of the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of prior art aluminium alloy wheel hub of vehicle casting device in the industry;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of casting device used in aluminium alloy wheel hub of vehicle low temperature casting technique of the present invention;
Label declaration in Fig. 2: 1- spreader air hose, the small bostle pipe of 2- upper mold, bostle pipe II in 3- upper mold, in 4- upper mold
Bostle pipe I, the big bostle pipe of 5- upper mold, the small bostle pipe of 6- lower die, bostle pipe II in 7- lower die, bostle pipe I in 8- lower die, 9- lower die
Big bostle pipe, 10- side form air hose, 15- vacuum cup, 21- holding furnace, 22- connecting flange, 23- low pressure board bottom plate, the side 24-
Mould, 25- upper mold, 26- cast gate, 27- lower die, 28- stalk connector, 29- stalk fixing sleeve, 30- taper gasket, 31- liter
Liquid pipe.
Specific embodiment
Aluminium alloy wheel hub of vehicle low temperature casting technique of the present invention, wherein after liquid aluminium alloy metaideophone is entered holding furnace, then into
Row rises liquid, fills type, pressurization, pressure maintaining, natural cooling, and the liquid aluminium alloy liquid level in holding furnace must not be lower than the three of heat preservation furnace volume
/ mono-, it is too low and liquid aluminium alloy part above slag will be swum in and mixed to can avoid liquid aluminium alloy liquid level in holding furnace in this way
Enter stalk, leads to the reduction of liquid aluminium alloy quality and the increase of waste product.Liquid aluminium alloy metaideophone is entered into holding furnace each time
Time is 30-60 seconds, and normal plus liquid aluminium alloy time is usually the strict control metaideophone time within 40 seconds, mainly
In order to prevent because plus liquid aluminium alloy overlong time cause in holding furnace liquid aluminium alloy temperature scatter and disappear it is excessive and reduce air with
The alloying element of liquid aluminium alloy liquid level reacts and scatters and disappears, and leads to the increase of energy consumption and waste product.Provided of course that liquid aluminium is closed
The time that golden metaideophone enters holding furnace controls in 30-60 seconds ranges, is able to satisfy technique requirement.
Using technique of the invention, the temperature of liquid aluminium alloy is controlled within the scope of 660 DEG C -675 DEG C in holding furnace, rises liquid
Pressure be 150-250 mbar, rise liquid time be 5-11 seconds.The general pressure control for rising liquid 200 mbar, rise liquid when
Between be 6 seconds, in holding furnace liquid aluminium alloy temperature control just can satisfy at 665 DEG C technique requirement.Provided of course that by above-mentioned
Several state modulators can substantially meet technique requirement in the framework of the present definition.The connecting flange and mould of holding furnace roof
It is provided with stalk attemperator between the vacuum cup of tool, please refers to shown in Fig. 2, stalk attemperator includes and connecting flange
Stalk fixing sleeve and being arranged in is made the stalk formed by cast iron between stalk outer wall and connected on the inside of stalk fixing sleeve
Connector.The through-hole of the inside of stalk fixing sleeve be the big lower section of upper section it is small, the biggish through-hole of stalk fixing sleeve upper diameter with
The lesser through-hole of lower section diameter is connected by the conical surface, and stalk connector includes head identical with stalk fixing sleeve upper section outer diameter
Portion and the cone for being connected to head end Yu stalk fixing sleeve cone match, the conical surface of cone and stalk fixed cover endoporus it
Between be provided with taper gasket.Vacuum cup is thermal-insulation ceramic cup, has good heat insulation effect using cast iron stalk connector, rises
Liquid pipe connector bottom end also increases the stability of stalk using cone.By having shortened the total length of stalk, make liquid
The liter liquid stage of aluminium alloy completes within a short period of time, avoid liquid aluminium alloy liter liquid stage liquid aluminium alloy temperature because away from
Cause to scatter and disappear from too long, while also ensuring that the liquid aluminium alloy flow velocity for keeping more stable under pressure completes entire casting
Part fill the type stage and reduce internal flaw and impurity, gas is involved in liquid aluminium alloy.Simultaneously because stalk is kept the temperature
The above structure of device is basically unchanged the temperature of liquid aluminium alloy during liter liquid, the liquid aluminium alloy warp in holding furnace
It crosses stalk and enters the temperature of liquid aluminium alloy after vacuum cup and do not change substantially, therefore do not need the liquid aluminium in holding furnace
Alloy temperature is heated to excessively high temperature, not only reduces energy consumption in this way, but also can guarantee product quality, moreover it is possible to improve production efficiency.
A plurality of cooling duct is equipped in the cooling system of low pressure mold on holding furnace, cooling duct includes spreader wind
Bostle pipe II in pipe, the small bostle pipe of upper mold, upper mold, bostle pipe I in upper mold, the big bostle pipe of upper mold, the small bostle pipe of lower die, in lower die
The center of upper mold is arranged in the big bostle pipe of bostle pipe I, lower die, side form air hose, spreader air hose in bostle pipe II, lower die,
Bostle pipe II in the small bostle pipe of upper mold, upper mold, the big bostle pipe of upper mold, is separately positioned in upper mold and by interior bostle pipe I in upper mold
It is arranged successively outward, bostle pipe II in the small bostle pipe of lower die, lower die, bostle pipe I, the big bostle pipe of lower die are separately positioned in lower die
It is arranged successively in lower die and from inside to outside, the side form lower half portion between upper die and lower die is arranged in side form air hose.
Liquid is risen after the completion followed by type, pressurization, pressure maintaining is filled, these process flows are similar to conventional process flow, herein
It is no longer described in detail, a plurality of cooling duct ventilating and cooling is opened in setting in natural cooling process, and spreader air hose starts to lead to
Since the time of air cooling be ventilating and cooling, holding ventilation any moment in the section 70-130s after starting liter liquid moment start of calculation
The cooling time is 10-70s;The time that the small bostle pipe of upper mold starts ventilating and cooling is the 0- after starting liter liquid moment start of calculation
Any moment starts ventilating and cooling in the section 60s, and being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 100-160s;Bostle pipe II is opened in upper mold
Since the time of beginning ventilating and cooling be ventilating and cooling, holding any moment in the section 10-70s after starting liter liquid moment start of calculation
The time of ventilating and cooling is 90-150s;Bostle pipe I, which starts the time of ventilating and cooling, in upper mold is started from starting liter liquid moment
Any moment starts ventilating and cooling in the section 50-110s afterwards, and being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 30-90s;The big bostle pipe of upper mold
Start ventilating and cooling time be since start liter liquid moment start after ventilating and cooling any moment in the section 50-110s, protect
The time for holding ventilating and cooling is 50-110s;The time that the small bostle pipe of lower die starts ventilating and cooling is started from starting liter liquid moment
Any moment starts ventilating and cooling in the section 30-90s afterwards, and being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 70-130s;Bostle pipe in lower die
The time of II beginning ventilating and cooling be since start liter liquid moment start after ventilating and cooling any moment in the section 30-90s,
The time for keeping ventilating and cooling is 50-110s;It is from starting a liter liquid moment that bostle pipe I, which starts the time of ventilating and cooling, in lower die
Any moment starts ventilating and cooling in the section 30-90s after start of calculation, and being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 20-80s;The big ring of lower die
Air hose start ventilating and cooling time be since start liter liquid moment start after divulged information in the section 30-90s any moment it is cold
But, the time for keeping ventilating and cooling is 60-120s;The time that side form air hose starts ventilating and cooling is from starting liter liquid moment
Any moment starts ventilating and cooling in the section 0-20s after calculation, and being kept for the time of ventilating and cooling is 150-210s.
Following table is first is that cast an automotive hub, the specific cooling ginseng of each air hose using the above-mentioned technological parameter of the present invention
Number, in table one " time started " be from start liter liquid moment count after time, " retention time " is to maintain the total of ventilating and cooling
Time, as spreader air hose be since start a liter liquid moment count after ventilating and cooling 100 seconds, kept for the time of ventilating and cooling be
40 seconds.
Table one:
。
Certainly as variation of the invention, the specific cooling parameter of each air hose is not limited to above-mentioned in present invention process
Parameter in table one, as long as transformation made by within the scope of the present invention reaches technical effect of the invention.
Table casts an automotive hub second is that using present invention process parameter below, and another group of each air hose specifically cools down
Parameter, the no longer narration in detail herein identical as table one of the meaning of each parameter.
Table two:
。
Table casts an automotive hub third is that using technological parameter of the invention below, and another group of each air hose is specifically cold
But parameter, the no longer narration in detail herein identical as table one of the meaning of each parameter.
Table three:
。
The specific cooling parameter of each air hose, be explored according to the directional solidification of wheel hub come to mold cooling system into
Row adjusts and the main quantum jump of low pressure, therefore low temperature casting technique can be used, if the specific cooling parameter of each air hose
It is unreasonable, it will lead to adjust mold cooling system Feeding channel premature set that is improper and causing casting and form and will cause
The feeding at other positions of casting and cause casting defect-waste product to increase.Therefore the specific cooling parameter of each air hose is extremely important.
Above embodiments are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the method for the present invention is not limited to the shape that above-described embodiment is enumerated
Formula, any modification done within the spirit and principles of the present invention, equivalent replacement etc., should be included in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.