CN106825011B - Method for removing heavy metal Pb in soil - Google Patents
Method for removing heavy metal Pb in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN106825011B CN106825011B CN201710079280.3A CN201710079280A CN106825011B CN 106825011 B CN106825011 B CN 106825011B CN 201710079280 A CN201710079280 A CN 201710079280A CN 106825011 B CN106825011 B CN 106825011B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000003876 biosurfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for removing heavy metal Pb in soil, which comprises the following steps of firstly taking fly ash and municipal sludge according to the volume ratio of 1: (2-6) mixing to obtain a mixture, and carrying out magnetization treatment after fully stirring the mixture to obtain a magnetic fertilizer; applying a magnetic fertilizer to the soil polluted by the heavy metal Pb; then sowing the halophyte seeds with the sowing quantity of 40-80 g/m2(ii) a And (4) collecting all plants of the halophyte grass after the halophyte grass naturally grows to be mature, continuously planting the halophyte grass until the Pb content in the soil reaches the standard, and finishing the removal of heavy metal Pb in the soil. The research of the invention finds that the halophyte is a tolerant species of heavy metal Pb, and the halophyte can still normally grow when the concentration of the heavy metal Pb in the soil seriously exceeds the standard; the magnetic fertilizer is applied to the halophyte planting area to provide nutrients necessary for crop growth, and the heavy metal Pb in the soil is gathered by means of the specific properties of the magnetic fertilizer, so that the halophyte can absorb the heavy metal Pb conveniently, and the purpose of removing the heavy metal Pb in the soil is achieved.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the field of treatment of heavy metal pollution of soil, and particularly relates to a method for removing heavy metal Pb in soil.
[ background of the invention ]
In recent years, with the rapid increase of population and the rapid development of industry in China, and the common application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, a large amount of heavy metal pollutants flow into soil, so that the heavy metal pollution of the soil is very serious. In China, the pollution of heavy metals such As Pb, Cd, Hg, As and the like in soil is very serious, and the pollution poses serious threats to the health of people. How to effectively treat the heavy metal pollution of the soil becomes a key and difficult problem which is concerned by scholars at home and abroad.
The common soil heavy metal pollution treatment methods include physical methods, chemical methods, biological methods, engineering procedures and the like (such as steam leaching repair, chemical leaching repair, microbial repair, phytoremediation and soil replacement methods). The main principle is to passivate heavy metal pollutants to reduce the biological effectiveness, water solubility and diffusivity of the heavy metal pollutants so as to achieve the purpose of reducing or eliminating the harm of the heavy metals in the soil. Pu et al, in "Environmental Pollution" stage 159P 762-768 "Strategies for enhancing the biological yield of nightshade by double-season cultivation," Pu "found that the biological yield of nightshade can be improved by double-season cultivation, and the soil polluted by heavy metal Cd can be repaired by nightshade, and the plant repair rate is improved by 9.1% compared with the corresponding research; dankheir and the like adopt an oscillation and column leaching method in ' effect research on Cu and Pb in soil polluted by composite leaching of saponin and EDTA ' at No. 3P 461-470 of volume 34 of the journal of agricultural environmental science ', select a biosurfactant saponin and a chelating agent EDTA as a leaching agent, discuss the leaching effect of EDTA, saponin and a composite solution thereof on heavy metals Cu and Pb in soil, and find as a result: when the concentration of EDTA is 0.5 and 1.0 mmol.L < -1 >, the EDTA and saponin with different mass concentrations can generate a synergistic effect when being compounded, oscillated and leached with Cu and Pb, and the synergistic effect on Pb is particularly obvious; zhang Qinghai et al selected Guizhou province cloud mist soil high-content heavy metal and arsenic tea garden in "food science" volume 34, No. 8, stage P212-215 of accumulation and leaching characteristics of soil and arsenic in tea leaves "of Guizhou cloud mist tea garden, collected 46 soil and tea samples respectively, analyzed the soil-tea soup system heavy metal and arsenic, and the results show that: the enrichment capacity of the tea on heavy metals and arsenic in different soils is Cu > Cd > Hg > Pb > Cr > As.
The method has a certain restoration effect on the heavy metal pollution of soil, wherein the phytoremediation method is more favored by research and application due to the characteristics of low cost, no environmental pollution, environment greening and the like, and is a new environmental management technology for passivating or removing pollutants in the environment.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a method for removing heavy metal Pb in soil, which utilizes halophyte to adsorb the heavy metal Pb in the soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps:
1) taking fly ash and municipal sludge according to the volume ratio of 1: (2-6) mixing to obtain a mixture, and carrying out magnetization treatment after fully stirring the mixture to obtain a magnetic fertilizer;
2) applying a magnetic fertilizer to the soil polluted by the heavy metal Pb; then sowing the halophyte seeds with the sowing quantity of 40-80 g/m2;
3) And (4) collecting all plants of the halophyte grass after the halophyte grass naturally grows to be mature, continuously planting the halophyte grass until the Pb content in the soil reaches the standard, and finishing the removal of heavy metal Pb in the soil.
Further, the mixture in the step 1) is dried and pulverized, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the powder is measured, and magnetization treatment is carried out when the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 15%.
Further, the mixture in the step 1) is magnetized by an adjustable permanent magnet magnetizing processor.
Further, applying a magnetic fertilizer at a position 5-15 cm away from the ground in the step 2).
Further, the application amount of the magnetic fertilizer in the step 2) is 50-70 g/m2。
Further, crushing the halophytes collected in the step 3), preparing ethanol through microbial degradation and fermentation, concentrating and hermetically burning residues, and extracting heavy metal Pb from ash to obtain the magnetized fertilizer raw material.
Further, the standard in step 3) is GB15618-1995 primary standard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a method for removing heavy metal Pb in soil, and researches show that halophyte is a tolerant species of heavy metal Pb, can still normally grow when the concentration of the heavy metal Pb in the soil is seriously over standard, has the Pb content in overground part plants of more than 150mg/kg, and has the characteristics of larger biomass, higher total Pb absorption amount of the overground part and stronger Pb tolerance. Meanwhile, the self-made magnetic fertilizer is applied to the saline grass planting area, so that on one hand, nutrients necessary for crop growth are provided, and on the other hand, heavy metal Pb in soil is gathered by means of the specific properties of the magnetic fertilizer, so that the saline grass can absorb the heavy metal Pb conveniently, and the purpose of removing the heavy metal Pb in the soil is achieved. The method for repairing the heavy metal Pd-polluted soil by utilizing the plant joint chemical method with stronger heavy metal Pd adsorption capacity discovered by research has the characteristics of good effect, low cost, no secondary pollution, strong controllability and the like.
Furthermore, the invention completely harvests the mature halophyte, prepares ethanol by microbial degradation and fermentation, intensively and hermetically burns residues, extracts heavy metal Pb from ash, and continuously plants the heavy metal Pb until the Pb content in soil reaches the first-grade soil quality standard. The technology is easy to master and popularize, the cost is low, a certain additional value is achieved, the residues are subjected to sealed incineration, a small amount of ash can be used as a magnetized fertilizer raw material in the project after heavy metal Pb is extracted from the ash, the environment is not polluted, and the resource utilization of wastes can be realized.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in the average content of heavy metal Pd in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of the heavy metal Pd content in soil for 7 years in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in the average content of heavy metal Pd in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change of the heavy metal Pd content in soil for 6 consecutive years in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the average content of heavy metal Pd in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change of the heavy metal Pd content in the soil for 7 consecutive years in example 3 of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The preparation method of the invention is carried out by the following steps:
1) and (3) sufficiently mixing the fly ash and the municipal sludge according to the volume ratio of 1: 2-1: 6, removing floating impurities, drying, preparing powder, testing the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the powder, and correspondingly adding urea, calcium superphosphate and halophytic grass ash if the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is not less than 15%. Fully stirring the mixture, carrying out magnetization treatment on the mixture by an adjustable permanent magnet magnetization treatment machine to obtain a magnetic fertilizer, and bagging for later use;
2) determining an area polluted by heavy metal Pb and the content of Pb in soil in the area through monitoring, and applying the magnetized fertilizer prepared in the step (1) in the area 5-15 cm away from the ground, wherein the application amount is 50-70 g/m2(ii) a Then sowing halophyte seeds in the soil layer between the ground and the magnetized fertilizer in spring or in the season of 15-35 ℃, wherein the sowing quantity is 40-80 g/m2The seeding quantity depends on the concentration of heavy metal Pb in the soil, and the seeding quantity is increased when the concentration is large.
3) The halophyte is ripe under proper natural conditions, all plants are collected, crushed and fermented by microorganisms to prepare ethanol, residues are intensively burned in a sealed way, and the ashes can be used as the raw material of the magnetized fertilizer in the step (1) after heavy metal Pb is extracted; and continuously planting until the Pb content in the soil reaches the first-grade soil quality standard.
The method utilizes plants to remove or reduce the heavy metal lead (Pb) pollution in the soil, mainly removes the heavy metal Pb pollution in the soil by the absorption of the halophytic grass to the heavy metal Pb in the soil and the reinforcement of the absorption by the self-made magnetized fertilizer, and has the characteristics of novelty, uniqueness, environmental protection, remarkable additional benefit, easy operation and the like.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
Example 1
1) Fully mixing fly ash and municipal sludge according to the volume ratio of 1:2, removing floating impurities, drying, preparing powder, testing the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the powder, ensuring that the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 15 percent, and correspondingly adding urea, calcium superphosphate and halophytic grass ash if the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is less than or equal to 15 percent. Fully stirring the mixture, carrying out magnetization treatment on the mixture by an adjustable permanent magnet magnetization treatment machine to obtain a magnetic fertilizer, and bagging for later use;
2) determining the area polluted by heavy metal Pb and the Pb content in the soil in the area by monitoring, applying the magnetized fertilizer prepared in the step (1) in the area 5cm away from the ground, wherein the application amount is 50g/m2(ii) a Then sowing halophyte with the sowing quantity of 40g/m2The seeding quantity depends on the concentration of heavy metal Pb in the soil, and the seeding quantity is increased when the concentration is large.
3) The halophyte is ripe under proper natural conditions, all plants are collected, crushed and fermented by microorganisms to prepare ethanol, residues are intensively burned in a sealed way, and the ashes can be used as the raw material of the magnetized fertilizer in the step (1) after heavy metal Pb is extracted; and continuously planting until the Pb content in the soil reaches the first-grade soil quality standard.
And (4) sampling different layers at regular intervals, and analyzing the content of the heavy metal Pb.
Removing effect: see fig. 1, 2.
Fig. 1 and 2 show: over time, the average content of heavy metal Pb in halophytes gradually increases, and the corresponding content in the soil gradually decreases. When the halophytic grass is mature, the heavy metal Pb content in the soil is reduced from 500.1mg/kg to 350.5 mg/kg. The method is used for continuous planting for 7 years, and the content of heavy metal Pb in the soil can reach the GB15618-1995 first-level standard (Pb is less than or equal to 35 mg/kg).
Example 2
1) Fully mixing fly ash and municipal sludge according to the volume ratio of 1:3, removing floating impurities, drying, preparing powder, testing the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the powder, ensuring that the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 15 percent, and correspondingly adding urea, calcium superphosphate and halophytic grass ash if the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is less than or equal to 15 percent. Fully stirring the mixture, carrying out magnetization treatment on the mixture by an adjustable permanent magnet magnetization treatment machine to obtain a magnetic fertilizer, and bagging for later use;
2) determining the area polluted by heavy metal Pb and the Pb content in the soil in the area by monitoring, applying the magnetic fertilizer prepared in the step (1) to the area 7.5cm away from the ground, wherein the application amount is 55g/m2(ii) a Then sowing halophyte with the sowing quantity of 50g/m2The seeding quantity depends on the concentration of heavy metal Pb in the soil, and the seeding quantity is increased when the concentration is large.
3) The halophyte is ripe under proper natural conditions, all plants are collected, crushed and fermented by microorganisms to prepare ethanol, residues are intensively burned in a sealed way, and the ashes can be used as the raw material of the magnetized fertilizer in the step (1) after heavy metal Pb is extracted; and continuously planting until the Pb content in the soil reaches the first-grade soil quality standard.
And (4) sampling different layers at regular intervals, and analyzing the content of the heavy metal Pb.
Removing effect: see fig. 3, 4.
Fig. 3 and 4 show: over time, the average content of heavy metal Pb in halophytes gradually increases, and the corresponding content in the soil gradually decreases. When the halophytic grass matures, the heavy metal Pb content in the soil is reduced from 499.8mg/kg to 322.3 mg/kg. The method is used for continuous planting for 6 years, and the content of heavy metal Pb in the soil can reach the GB15618-1995 first-level standard (Pb is less than or equal to 35 mg/kg).
Example 3
1) Fully mixing fly ash and municipal sludge according to the volume ratio of 1:4, removing floating impurities, drying, preparing powder, testing the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the powder, ensuring that the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 15 percent, and correspondingly adding urea, calcium superphosphate and halophytic grass ash if the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is less than or equal to 15 percent. Fully stirring the mixture, carrying out magnetization treatment on the mixture by an adjustable permanent magnet magnetization treatment machine to obtain a magnetic fertilizer, and bagging for later use;
2) determining the area polluted by heavy metal Pb and the Pb content in the soil in the area by monitoring, applying the magnetized fertilizer prepared in the step (1) in the area which is 10cm away from the ground surface, wherein the application amount is 60g/m2(ii) a Then sowing halophyte with the sowing quantity of 60g/m2The seeding quantity depends on the concentration of heavy metal Pb in the soil, and the seeding quantity is increased when the concentration is large.
3) The halophyte is ripe under proper natural conditions, all plants are collected, crushed and fermented by microorganisms to prepare ethanol, residues are intensively burned in a sealed way, and the ashes can be used as the raw material of the magnetized fertilizer in the step (1) after heavy metal Pb is extracted; and continuously planting until the Pb content in the soil reaches the first-grade soil quality standard.
And (4) sampling different layers at regular intervals, and analyzing the content of the heavy metal Pb.
Removing effect: see fig. 5, 6.
Fig. 5 and 6 show: over time, the average content of heavy metal Pb in halophytes gradually increases, and the corresponding content in the soil gradually decreases. When the halophytic grass matures, the heavy metal Pb content in the soil is reduced from 499.5mg/kg to 380.1 mg/kg. The method is used for continuous planting for 7 years, and the heavy metal Pb content in the soil can reach the GB15618-1995 first-level standard (Pb is less than or equal to 35 mg/kg).
Example 4
Fully mixing fly ash and municipal sludge according to the volume ratio of 1:5, removing floating impurities, drying, preparing powder, testing the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the powder, ensuring that the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 15 percent, and correspondingly adding urea, calcium superphosphate and halophytic grass ash if the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is less than or equal to 15 percent. Fully stirring the mixture, carrying out magnetization treatment on the mixture by an adjustable permanent magnet magnetization treatment machine to obtain a magnetic fertilizer, and bagging for later use; determining the area polluted by heavy metal Pb and the Pb content in the soil in the area by monitoring, applying the prepared magnetized fertilizer at the position 12.5cm away from the ground surface and the application amount is 65g/m2(ii) a Then sowing halophyte with the sowing quantity of 70g/m2The seeding quantity depends on the concentration of heavy metal Pb in the soil, and the seeding quantity is increased when the concentration is large; the halophyte is ripe under proper natural conditions, all plants are collected, crushed and fermented by microorganisms to prepare ethanol, residues are intensively burned in a sealed manner, and heavy metal Pb is extracted from ash to be used as a magnetized fertilizer raw material; and continuously planting until the Pb content in the soil reaches the first-grade soil quality standard.
Example 5
Fully mixing fly ash and municipal sludge according to the volume ratio of 1:6, removing floating impurities, drying, preparing powder, testing the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the powder, ensuring that the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 15 percent, and correspondingly adding urea, calcium superphosphate and halophytic grass ash if the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is less than or equal to 15 percent. Fully stirring the mixture, carrying out magnetization treatment on the mixture by an adjustable permanent magnet magnetization treatment machine to obtain a magnetic fertilizer, and bagging for later use; monitoring to determine the area polluted by heavy metal Pb and the Pb content in the soil in the area, and applying the prepared magnetic fertilizer at a distance of 15cm from the ground surface and an application amount of 70g/m2(ii) a Then sowing halophyte grass with the sowing quantity of 80g/m2The seeding quantity depends on the concentration of heavy metal Pb in the soil, and the seeding quantity is increased when the concentration is large; the halophyte is ripe under proper natural conditions, all plants are collected, after being crushed, the halophyte is degraded and fermented by microorganisms to prepare ethanol, residues are intensively burned in a sealed way, and the ashes can be used as raw materials for producing the magnetic fertilizer after heavy metal Pb is extracted; continuously planting until Pb in soilThe content reaches the first grade standard of soil quality. And (4) sampling different layers at regular intervals, and analyzing the content of the heavy metal Pb.
The method can remove the pollution of heavy metal Pb in the soil with lower cost, the planted halophyte also has obvious environment-friendly greening effect, the mature halophyte is used for developing biofuel and brings higher added value, and the content of the heavy metal Pb in the soil can reach the first-class standard GB15618-1995 (Pb is less than or equal to 35mg/kg) after continuous planting for 6-7 years.
The above description is only a basic description of the present invention, and any equivalent changes made according to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for removing heavy metal Pb in soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) taking fly ash and municipal sludge according to the volume ratio of 1: (2-6) mixing to obtain a mixture, and carrying out magnetization treatment after fully stirring the mixture to obtain a magnetic fertilizer;
2) applying a magnetic fertilizer to the soil polluted by the heavy metal Pb; then sowing the halophyte seeds with the sowing quantity of 40-80 g/m2;
3) The halophyte grass is collected after naturally growing to maturity, and is continuously planted until the Pb content in the soil reaches the standard, so that the heavy metal Pb in the soil is removed;
drying and pulverizing the mixture in the step 1), measuring the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the powder, carrying out magnetization treatment when the total content of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium PH is more than or equal to 15%, and correspondingly adding urea, calcium superphosphate and halophytic grass ash when the total content of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium PH is less than 15%;
crushing the halophyte plants collected in the step 3), preparing ethanol through microbial degradation and fermentation, intensively and hermetically burning residues, and extracting heavy metal Pb from ash to obtain the magnetized fertilizer raw material.
2. The method for removing the heavy metal Pb from the soil according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) carrying out magnetization treatment on the mixture in the step 1) by an adjustable permanent magnet magnetization treatment machine.
3. The method for removing the heavy metal Pb from the soil according to claim 1, wherein: applying a magnetic fertilizer at a position 5-15 cm away from the ground in the step 2).
4. The method for removing the heavy metal Pb from the soil according to claim 1, wherein: the application amount of the magnetic fertilizer in the step 2) is 50-70 g/m2。
5. The method for removing the heavy metal Pb from the soil according to claim 1, wherein: the standard in step 3) is GB15618-1995 primary standard.
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