CN106821576A - 提高了使用便利性的整形外科用夹板 - Google Patents
提高了使用便利性的整形外科用夹板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提高了使用便利性、X线透过性、破裂强度以及抗弯强度的整形外科用夹板,其由内层、外层以及介于所述内层与外层之间的固化性芯材构成,所述固化性芯材上浸渍或涂布有水固化性树脂,构成所述固化性芯材的编织物为经过假捻纱处理的聚烯烃(polyolefine)类纤维。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高了使用便利性的整形外科用夹板,详细而言,将由假捻纱聚烯烃构成的编织物用作固化性芯材的整形外科用夹板。本发明能够以骨折患部的康复以及身体部位的固定等为目的,应用于除整形外科及其他类似领域。
背景技术
一般遭遇骨折或者韧带断裂时,会接受在患部接触夹板并且缠绕压力绷带方式的石膏施术。夹板需根据患部的形状变形后进行固化,最初以具有柔韧性的方式进行生产,但是根据施术时的各种固化方式,通常通过与水接触来进行固化。为了固化,夹板中内装有浸渍或涂布固化性树脂的芯材,所述芯材是占据夹板大部分体积的结构,根据其材料,对夹板的特性产生多种差异。
用作夹板芯材的现有的普通材料,普遍使用由最初传统的烧石膏(Plaster ofParis)固化法发展而来的玻璃纤维合成编织物。虽然与现有的烧石膏相比有所改良,但是将所述玻璃纤维编织物用作芯材仍然具有很多问题。比如说,破裂强度和抗弯强度低,从患部拆卸夹板时所产生的粉尘被认为是致癌物,有害于健康,而且,在需要定期确认骨折部位恢复状态的整形外科治疗中,X线透过率低的夹板面成为了较大障碍。除此之外,夹板的重量或厚度过大,不方便穿戴,在康复时,按照患部的尺寸切割的加工部位变得锋利,具有被刮伤或受伤的危险。
因此,需要一种能够解决上述诸多问题并且更加先进的夹板。
对此,本发明人想到将最近开始引入衣服类以及纤维领域并且其应用领域正在扩大的聚烯烃(polyolefine)类纤维材料,通过假捻纱工艺使用在构成整形外科用夹板的芯材的编织物,经过漫长的研究和反复的验证,最终完成了本发明。
本发明所属技术领域中,长期以来一直将所述聚烯烃、尤其是聚丙烯(polypropylene)的应用对象限定在绷带或构成夹板的内层或外层的面纱。但是,发明人确认了当通过假捻纱工艺将聚烯烃类纤维用作夹板的芯材构成编织物时,能够获得经过改良的特性,与此相关联,还确定了能够加捻为所述假捻纱的原纱的最有效的旦尼尔(denier)数值等,由此具体提出了新形式的夹板。
在先技术文献
专利文献
(专利文献1)医疗用夹板(韩国授权专利10-0537864)
发明内容
技术问题
本发明是为了解决上述现有整形外科用夹板的问题而提出的,其根本目的在于,整体提高现有夹板的穿戴感、轻量性、通风性、伸缩性、加工性、X线透过性、环保性、对人体的有、无害性等综合特性。
尤其第一目的在于,提供一种同时提高轻量性、抗弯强度、破裂强度的整形外科用夹板。
第二目的在于,提供一种使用了对人体无害的材料的整形外科用夹板。
第三目的在于,使用具有实用性的材料制造,以便能够经济地生产出大量根据所述第一目的以及第二目的所改良的形式的夹板。
技术方案
为了达成上述目的,本发明提供一种使用便利性提高且破裂强度以及抗弯强度提高的整形外科用夹板。
本发明的整形外科用夹板的特征在于,由内层、外层以及设置于所述内层与外层之间的固化性芯材构成,所述固化性芯材上浸渍或涂布有水固化性树脂,构成所述固化性芯材的编织物由经过假捻纱处理的聚烯烃类纤维构成。
所述经过假捻纱处理的聚烯烃类纤维优选选自聚丙烯(polypropylene)、聚乙烯(polyethylene)、聚异丁烯(polyisobutylene)中的任意一种以上,更加优选聚丙烯(polypropylene)。
有益效果
本发明利用上述的解决方案,提供一种整形外科用夹板,其整体提高了穿戴感、轻量性、通风性、伸缩性、加工性、X线透过性、环保性、对人体的有、无害性等综合特性。
尤其是提供一种整形外科用夹板,其所具有的材料特性能够提高每单位厚度或单位面积中浸渍的固化性树脂的含量,因此轻量性、抗弯强度以及破裂强度同时得以提高。
提供一种整形外科用夹板,其使用在食品卫生法上公认为安全的聚烯烃类材料,因此对人体无害。
另外,提供一种能够大量生产出所述改良形式的夹板的实用夹板。
另外,即使与最近作为现有玻璃纤维夹板的完善方案而提出的“具有聚醚(polyester)编织物芯材的夹板”相比,本发明不仅比重极低、显著轻量,而且采用相同重量的材料也能提高一半以上的产量,能够降低与产量对应的价格,省略各种前、后处理工艺上的步骤也能进行生产,因此非常经济。
附图说明
图1是包括由聚烯烃假捻纱编织物构成的固化性芯材的本发明的整形外科用夹板的立体图。
图2是示出作为构成本发明的固化性芯材的编织物结构的一实施例的三种梳栉(bar)配置成拉舍尔编织物(Raschel knit)状态的图。
附图标记
100:夹板
110:内层
120:外层
121:通水孔
130:固化性芯材
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种提高了使用便利性的整形外科用夹板100。
本发明的整形外科用夹板100的特征在于,由内层110、外层120以及固化性芯材130构成,所述固化性芯材130内装在所述内层110与外层120之间,浸渍或涂布有水固化性树脂,构成所述固化性芯材130的编织物由经过假捻纱处理的聚烯烃(polyolefine)类纤维构成。
下面,参照附图,对本发明的构成进行更加详细的说明。
只是要理解,下面的内容仅记载最具代表性的实施方式,以便有注意理解本发明,本发明的保护范围并非限定于此,与下面的内容等同的所有范围均包含在本发明内。另外,本发明在本说明书中称为“整形外科用夹板”,实际上还被通用为“整形外科用石膏”、“支撑木”、“支架”、“保护隔离物”、“视轴校正物”等,并非必须限定于“整形外科用夹板”,还可以以“绷带型石膏”的材料得到应用。
图1是包括由聚烯烃假捻纱编织物构成的固化性芯材的本发明的整形外科用夹板的立体图。
内层以及外层
内层110是直接接触到患部的部分,由疏水性材质构成。因此,即使为了固化夹板而浸在水中后使用于患部,通过内层110能够保护皮肤不受来自水的影响。
内层110还可以具备直接接触到患部的抗菌性表层。所述抗菌性表层可以由通常的无纺布制作,可以包含阿贝卡星(arbekacin)等多种抗菌剂。
外层120是与外部环境接触的部分,由亲水性材质构成。外皮120上形成多个通水孔121,在施术时,水可以通过所述通水孔121迅速浸渍到固化性芯材130中,施术后,通过所述通水孔121,夹板的通气性提高。
关于所述内层110的疏水性材质和外层120的亲水性材质以及其他详细的特性,由于是该领域的公知技术,因此将省略具体说明。
固化性芯材
固化性芯材130内装在内层110与外层120之间,通过在目标编织物等上浸渍或涂布固化性树脂而制造。
本发明中,关于构成所述固化性芯材130的编织物等,由经过假捻纱处理的聚烯烃类纤维来代替以往所使用的玻璃纤维、无纺布或聚酯(polyester)纤维,从而提高夹板的使用感。
假捻纱(false twist yarn)处理是为了对纤维赋予高卷曲以及伸缩性而使用的处理方法中的一个。通过纺轴(spindle),以中心轴为基准旋转几股纤维纱,并在该位置的前后形成相反方向的强捻,通常将其称作假捻状态。所述假捻状态的纤维通过热处理而被固定,然后沿着相反方向解捻而退捻时,产生小卷曲(crimp),由此获得的具有蓬松感和伸缩性以及恢复力的纤维称作假捻纱。实际上,假捻纱的伸长率达到250~400%,恢复性接近100%,蓬松感大于等于原纱的300%。
已知假捻纱的通常的加工范围为50~250旦尼尔(denier)。普通编织物使用100、150、250旦尼尔(denier)的假捻纱,织物使用更小范围的50~150旦尼尔(denier)的假捻纱。
假捻纱纤维目前广泛用于袜子、领带、泳装、毛衫等衣服类的材料。但是,虽然所述假捻纱纤维具有蓬松感丰富且伸缩性良好的优点,但因担心模型变形的可能性和支撑力弱化,因此一直以来无法应用于整形外科用夹板、尤其是固化性芯材的编织物。但是,本发明尤其对聚烯烃类纤维进行假捻处理并将其用于固化性芯材,从而提供了对于现有问题的有效的解决方案。即,具有高强度的聚烯烃类纤维的物性能够弥补所指出的利用假捻纱纤维时所产生的问题,由此能够提供提高了多种特性的夹板。
根据假捻处理,所述假捻纱的种类可以是DTY(draw textured yarn:拉伸变形纱)、PTY(producer textured yarn:化纤厂加工的变形)、SDTY(spin-draw-texturedyarn:纺丝拉伸变形纱)中的任意一种。
下面,参照附图2,对构成本发明的固化性芯材130的编织物结构进行说明。图2是示出作为所述编织物结构的一实施例的三种梳栉(bar)配置成拉舍尔编织物(Raschelknit)状态的图。
梳栉(bar)1是为了形成多个线圈纵行(wale)而提供的简单的链形缝线结构,梳栉(bar)2是用于铺网(lapping)移动的线圈横列(course)的基本结构,梳栉(bar)3是补充梳栉(bar)1而形成线圈纵行的基本结构。
所述各梳栉(bar)是经过假捻纱处理的聚烯烃类纤维,在假捻纱处理中,优选加捻并使用10~60根的180~400旦尼尔(denier)的原纱,更加优选加捻并使用20~40根的280~350旦尼尔(denier)的原纱。
所述经过假捻纱处理的聚烯烃类纤维以紧凑的间隔连续配置,线圈横列(course)优选夹板的每单位长度中形成15个以上,更加优选17至22个,线圈纵行(wale)的量根据所述线圈横列的个数,适合于编织物面的每单位平方英寸形成大约270以上的开口数量。但是,上述线圈横列以及线圈纵行的数量可以根据纤维的旦尼尔以及赋予夹板的特性而变更,并非必须限定于此。
所述经过假捻纱处理的聚烯烃类纤维可以优选选自聚丙烯(polypropylene)、聚乙烯(polyethylene)、聚异丁烯(polyisobutylene)等中的任意一种以上,可以更加优选聚丙烯(polypropylene)。
具有以上构成的固化性芯材130的本发明的夹板极薄且轻量,与以往相比,每单位厚度或单位面积强度有所增加。整形外科用夹板需满足规定的强度,通过固化性芯材130的特性赋予这种强度。通常的固化性芯材130制造成单层或多层结构,随着各层强度越低,重叠越多的层。因此,当由现有的玻璃纤维编织物构成固化性芯材130时,通常具有8层左右的多层结构,总厚度为5mm~15mm(0.5cm~1.5cm)。但是,这时,由于过厚的厚度,导致穿戴感以及通气性降低,施术后容易产生隆起,装配感并不良好。
当然,构成本发明的夹板的固化性芯材130也可以构成诸如通常形式的单层或多层结构,但是优选可以制造成1mm~6mm(0.1cm~0.6cm)范围的厚度,所述厚度就足以具有大于等于现有的强度。这是因为,纤维的假捻纱结构在同样的面积内可以浸渍更多量的树脂,同时也是由聚烯烃类纤维自身的强度所引起的特性。因此,本发明的整形外科用夹板比现有具有大约30~60%的厚度减少率,并且强度大于或等于现有的强度。
所述固化性芯材130的比重优选0.03~0.6,更加优选0.03~0.4。
并且,具有上述结构的固化性芯材130的本发明的夹板还具有增大X线透过性的特性。当照射X线时,由现有的玻璃纤维制造的夹板大多产生阴影,但是本发明的夹板那样使用聚烯烃类纤维时,由于纤维内的高比重的碳等,X线透过率显著提高,在治疗时,无需拆除石膏也能了解骨骼的接合和恢复经过,因此非常方便。
本发明的夹板100中,浸渍或涂布到固化性芯材130的水固化性树脂并非必须限定于任意一种,但是优选聚氨酯(Polyurethane)预聚物,其储存稳定性高,固化效率好。聚氨酯预聚物的准备可以通过行业内通常的工序,并非特别限定于任意一种方法,作为一例,可以将聚异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇的混合物在30~120℃下搅拌1~10小时左右,使其反应而获得。
根据需要,本发明的夹板还可以包括水固化性催化剂、填充剂、聚合体、增强剂、干燥剂、耦合剂、消泡剂、润滑剂、增滑剂、稳定剂、气泡去除剂、粘合剂、抗氧化剂、填充剂、显色剂以及香料中的任意一种以上,尤其以组成物总重量为基准,包含10至20%重量的陶瓷粉末时,会释放对人体有益的远红外线,能够增大治疗效果,因此进一步有效。
在流通及保管所述夹板时,装入能够阻隔空气以及湿气的包装材料、诸如铝袋的密闭容器来保持密封状态,使用时去除包装纸后,使其接触到水。
在使用夹板时,在患部抵接夹板后,根据骨折程度以及处方,以下打结(underwrap)或外打结(overwrap)方式,缠绕高弹力绷带,从而能够完成石膏固定。
本发明的整形外科用夹板的总厚度的范围为0.3~1.5cm,宽度的范围为5~20cm,可以根据患部的位置或大小适当裁剪夹板来使用。
下面,记载与本发明的效果有关的试验例1~4。试验中使用了下面的制造例1~3以及比较例1提及的整形外科用夹板。
下面的试验例1~4相当于与本发明的效果有关的一试验例,本发明的保护范围以及效果并非限定于此。
制造例1~3
根据下面的方法制造三个本发明的整形外科用夹板,并分别称作制造例1、制造例2、制造例3。
夹板的内层110使用了300g/m2的疏水性聚丙烯(polypropylene)无纺布((株)SAECHANG公司制造)。作为水固化性芯材130,在五层的亲水性聚丙烯(polypropylene)假捻纱(300旦尼尔,加捻25根)纤维的编织物上均匀浸渍固化材料(NC-300,(株)TNL),使其达到40重量%。外层120使用了180g/m2的亲水性聚丙烯(polypropylene)无纺布((株)SAE CHANG公司制造)。
比较例1
在比较例1中,使用了市售的整形外科用夹板商品agma sprint(4英寸)。
试验例1
表1
分类 | 制造例1 | 制造例2 | 制造例3 | 比较例1 |
宽度(cm) | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 |
厚度(cm) | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.59 |
破裂强度(MPa) | 390.1 | 495.1 | 445.1 | 125.1 |
所述表1是通过ASTM D-638的方法,对所述制造例1~3以及比较例1的整形外科用夹板测定破裂强度的结果。破裂强度指的是材料开始破裂时的最大应力强度。
所述制造例1~3的破裂强度的范围相当于大约390~500MPa,与所述比较例1提及的现有的夹板(破裂强度为125.1MPa)进行比较时,在重量相同的情形下,本发明的夹板具有更高的强度。
试验例2
表2
分类 | 制造例1 | 制造例2 | 制造例3 | 比较例1 |
宽度(cm) | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 |
厚度(cm) | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.59 |
0.21 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.55 |
所述表2是通过ASTM D-792的方法,测定构成所述制造例1~3以及比较例1提及的整形外科用夹板的固化性芯材的比重的结果。所述制造例1~3的比重为0.21~0.30,本发明的夹板相对于所述比较例1的夹板,比重减少约40~50%,由此能够确认可制造轻量的夹板。
实验例3
表3
分类 | 制造例1 | 制造例2 | 制造例3 | 比较例1 |
宽度(cm) | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 |
厚度(cm) | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.59 |
最大荷重(kgf) | 13.2 | 12.9 | 12.3 | 10.2 |
抗弯强度(MPa) | 139.1 | 132.0 | 136.0 | 106.1 |
所述表3是通过ASTM D790-86的方法,测定所述制造例1~3以及比较例1的整形外科用夹板的抗弯强度的结果。抗弯强度指的是材料抵抗弯曲不断裂的能力。
所述制造例1~3的抗弯强度处于大约130~140MPa的范围。即,与所述比较例1提及的夹板的抗弯强度106.1MPa相比,本发明的夹板具有显著高的抗弯强度,折叠铰接(hinge)性良好,当然能够提供优秀的配合感,在密封储存时,能够压缩至较小体积进行储存,因此储存效率高。
试验例4
表4
分类 | 制造例1 | 制造例2 | 制造例3 | 比较例1 |
宽度(cm) | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 |
厚度(cm) | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.35 |
X线透过性评价 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 |
所述表4为,对制造例1~3以及比较例1照射了20~80keV的X线,比较投影到平板上的X线影像,从而评价了X线的透过性。评价基准是,根据本领域内便于用作整形外科治疗用途的X线投影图像的分辨率,评价为1~5分,并将评价每个制造例以及比较例1的总分的平均值记载在所述表4中。
参照所述表4的评价结果,比较例1的X线透过性为3分,透过性停留在现有普通水准,相反,所述制造例1~3的X线透过性评价为4~5分,具有显著提高的X线透过性。
Claims (8)
1.一种提高了X线透过性的整形外科用夹板,其由内层、外层以及介于所述内层与外层之间的固化性芯材构成,所述固化性芯材上浸渍或涂布有固化性树脂,其特征在于,
构成所述固化性芯材的编织物由假捻纱聚烯烃(polyolefine)类纤维制成,所述假捻纱聚烯烃类纤维由20~40根的280~350旦尼尔(denier)的纤维纱加捻而成,
所述整形外科用夹板的破裂强度为390~500MPa,弯曲强度为130~140MPa。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高了X线透过性的整形外科用夹板,其特征在于,
所述假捻纱聚烯烃类纤维为选自聚丙烯(polypropylene)、聚乙烯(polyethylene)、聚异丁烯(polyisobutylene)以及它们的组合中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高了X线透过性的整形外科用夹板,其特征在于,
所述假捻纱聚烯烃类纤维为聚丙烯(polypropylene)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高了X线透过性的整形外科用夹板,其特征在于,
浸渍或涂布的所述水固化性树脂为聚氨酯(polyurethane)预聚物(prepolymer)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提高了X线透过性的整形外科用夹板,其特征在于,
所述固化性芯材构成单层或多层结构。
6.根据权利要求1所述的提高了X线透过性的整形外科用夹板,其特征在于,
所述整形外科用夹板的厚度为0.3~1.5cm,宽度为5~20cm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的提高了X线透过性的整形外科用夹板,其特征在于,
所述整形外科用夹板的固化性芯材的比重为0.21~0.30g/cm3。
8.根据权利要求1所述的提高了X线透过性的整形外科用夹板,其特征在于,
所述整形外科用夹板还包括选自水固化性催化剂、填充剂、聚合体、增强剂、干燥剂、耦合剂、消泡剂、润滑剂、增滑剂、稳定剂、气泡去除剂、粘合剂、抗氧化剂、填充剂、显色剂、香料以及它们的组合中的一种。
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