CN1068176A - 离心泵叶轮 - Google Patents

离心泵叶轮 Download PDF

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CN1068176A
CN1068176A CN92104767A CN92104767A CN1068176A CN 1068176 A CN1068176 A CN 1068176A CN 92104767 A CN92104767 A CN 92104767A CN 92104767 A CN92104767 A CN 92104767A CN 1068176 A CN1068176 A CN 1068176A
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blade
impeller
root
inlet
importing
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CN1023830C (zh
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P·库珀
D·P·斯洛蒂曼
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Flowserve Management Co
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Ingersoll Rand Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2261—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
    • F04D29/2277—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for increasing NPSH or dealing with liquids near boiling-point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/24—Vanes
    • F04D29/242—Geometry, shape

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于液体输送离心泵的防汽蚀叶轮，它具有 多个叶轮叶片，每个叶片具有下述因素的结合：一个 导入端其根部伸展至其顶部的上游；叶轮入口上游的 叶片厚度大于入口下游的叶片厚度；以及在导入端上 有一个椭圆形的头部。本发明可用于直叶片叶轮或 法兰西斯型叶轮。

Description

本发明涉及输送液体的离心泵的叶轮。更具体地说，它涉及通常称为径流式叶轮的直叶片叶轮，也涉及通常称为轴流式叶轮的法兰西斯型叶轮。
在高能泵叶轮中，沿叶轮叶片及其相邻表面在下述位置会产生汽蚀现象：
a.沿叶轮叶片表面;
b.靠近叶轮叶片和轮毂表面交界处;
c.在叶轮叶片导入端头部。
这种汽蚀现象会使叶轮叶片在上述位置快速被侵蚀，导致叶轮过早毁坏和增加修理的需要。
解决汽蚀问题的一个方法是修改每个叶片吸入侧导入端区域的曲率。但是，这个方法只是涉及沿叶轮叶片侧表面的汽蚀问题，而不涉及上述其他位置的汽蚀问题。因此，需要有一种改进的叶轮，它能防止在沿叶轮叶片表面，靠近叶轮叶片和轮毂表面交界处，以及在叶轮叶片导入端头部等地方产生汽蚀现象。
以上说明了存在于现有叶轮的缺点。因此很清楚，提供一种能克服一种或多种上述缺点的替代办法是有利的。据此，一种包括下面将加以详述的特征的替代办法提供如下。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种叶轮，它具有一个前盖板;一个后轮毂;多个跨距上述两零件之间的距离的叶片;一个入口;每个叶片具有前盖板和后轮毂之间的跨距，并具有其根部伸展至其顶部的上游的导入端;在导入端上有一个凹面开始于顶部和跨距中点之间的某一点并伸展到根部;入口上游的叶片厚度大于入口下游的叶片厚度。
当结合附图从以下的详细描述中将会对上述的和其他的方面了解得更为清楚。
附图简介
图1为本发明叶轮的一个实施例的等轴投影图;
图2为一个直叶片叶轮去除盖板后的顶视图，表示一个现有技术的叶片和一个用虚线表示的本发明实施例的叶片;
图3为沿图2A-A线在垂直于一个叶轮叶片表面的平面中的侧视图;
图4为本发明实施例的叶片的导入端在前盖板和部分轮毂去除后的等轴投影图，表示导入端和入口区之间的叶片厚度和叶片的椭圆形头部。
图1表示一个本发明实施例的直叶片单吸封闭式叶轮的等轴投影图。叶轮1安装在轴3上，绕中心线5旋转。叶轮1做出一个液体由此通过进入叶轮1的吸入口7。叶轮1做有一个前盖板9和一个与前盖板间隔开的后轮毂件11。如常规设计，前盖板9和轮毂件11具有互相平行的在横过和垂直于轴3的中心线5的平面内伸展的内表面（未示出）。多个叶片13在盖板件9和轮毂件11之间伸展。
现在参看图2，如常规设计一样，叶片13做成环状，其导入端15位于轴3中心线5的一个一定直径的圆的圆周17上。各个叶片13都一样，故仅描述其中一个即足够。
每个叶片13都有压力侧19和吸侧21。每一对相邻的叶片13形成一个入口23和一个出口25，如图所示。入口23在这里定义为当顶视时一个叶片13的压力侧19和相邻叶片13的吸入侧21之间的最短距离。如这里所用的，顶视图表示在一个横过并垂直于轴3的中心线5的平面上，如图2所示。虚线27代表本发明叶片的吸入表面，实线29代表现有技术叶片的吸入表面。
从顶视图可看出，入口23上游处的叶片13的厚度t（31）比入口23下游处的叶片13的厚度t′（33）要大。较大的厚度有助于在各种流速下减少汽蚀现象，尤其是在流速低于最优流速时。叶片13的较大厚度t（31）可以通过沿着入口23和其上游吸入端之间的叶片13的长度对叶片的吸入侧21添加材料来达到。入口23下游的叶片13的厚度t′（33）则保持在现有技术所用的范围。因此，入口23的尺寸并不改动现有技术入口现用的尺寸，从而避免汽蚀水头损失。
现在参看图3，图中表示部分被去除的本发明的单个叶片13的侧视图。如这里所用的，侧视图是在一个平行于中心线5的纵向并垂直于顶视图所用平面的平面上。
每个叶片13有一个跨距伸展在盖板件9内表面35和轮毂件11内表面37之间并与其连接。
叶片13的导入端15有一个与轮毂表面37交界的根部39和一个与盖板表面35交界的顶部41。根部39位于顶部41的上游，如用代表旋转方向的箭头43所指出的。从侧视图看，如常规设计那样，顶部41与盖板表面35基本上垂直相交，但当导入端15伸向上游的根部39时，它开始形成一个凹面45。凹面45在导入端15上的顶部41和叶片13跨距用虚线47表示的中点之间的一点上开始形成。应当理解，凹面45可以在导入端15上的上述顶部41和中点47之间的任何一点开始形成。凹面45向上游伸展至根部39，如上面所述。
为了取得最佳效果，最好将凹面45的极限用角α（49）限定，角α（49）形成于轮毂11的内表面37和从凹面45与内表面37的交点所作凹面45的切线之间。角α（49）必须小于45度才能取得最佳效果。当和前面所述的叶片厚度关系一起应用时，这个上游根部构形可增加对汽蚀现象的抵抗能力。
参看图4，图中表示出导入端15具有一个头部51，它从顶视图看形成一个椭圆形表面。旋转的方向用箭头53表示。椭圆形头部51，上游根部39和叶片厚度t（31）和t′（33）之差一起结合起来对汽蚀现象的形成提供了强大的抵抗力。
虽然以上只描述了本发明用于直叶片径流式叶轮的情况，但用于法兰西斯型半轴流式叶轮时也可取得同样优异的效果。同样的，用于半开式叶轮时也可取得同样的效果。

Claims (5)

1、一种输送液体的离心泵的叶轮，它具有一个前盖板件，一个后轮毂件，多个在上述两件之间的叶片，叶片具有位于一个圆的圆周上的导入端，和一个在一个叶片的吸入侧和相邻叶片的压力侧之间的入口，每个叶片具有在盖板件和轮毂件之间的跨距，一个防汽蚀叶片，其特征在于，
每个叶片有一个具有一个向顶部上游伸展的根部的导入端，导入端形成一个凹面，凹面开始于顶部和跨距中点之间的一个位置，凹面向上游伸展至根部，入口上游的叶片厚度大于入口下游的叶片厚度。
2、如权利要求1所述的防汽蚀叶片，其特征在于，一条与凹面相切的切线以小于45°的角度与轮毂表面相交。
3、如权利要求2所述的防止汽蚀的叶片，其特征在于，导入端上有一个椭圆形的头部。
4、一种输送液体的离心泵的叶轮，它具有一个前盖板件，一个与上述前盖板件间隔开的后轮毂件，多个在上述两件之间的叶片，叶片具有位于一个圆的圆周上的导入端，每对叶片形成一个位于一个叶片的吸入侧和相邻叶片的压力侧之间的入口，每个叶片具有在盖板件和轮毂件之间的跨距，一个防汽蚀叶片其特征在于，
每个叶片具有一个具有向顶部的上游伸展的根部的导入端，导入端形成一个凹面，凹面开始于顶部和跨距中点之间的一个位置，凹面向上游伸展至根部，入口上游的叶片厚度大于入口下游的叶片厚度。
5、一种输送液体的离心泵的叶轮，它具有一个前盖板件，一个与上述前盖板件间隔开的后轮毂件，多个在上述两件之间的叶片，叶片具有位于一个圆的圆周上的导入端，每对叶片形成一个位于一个叶片的吸入侧和相邻叶片的压力侧之间的入口，每个叶片具有在盖板件和轮毂件之间的跨距，一个防汽蚀叶片其特征在于，
每个叶片具有一个具有向顶部的上游伸展的根部的导入端，导入端形成一个凹面，凹面开始于顶部和跨距中点之间的一个位置，凹面向上游伸展至根部，导入端上有一个椭圆形的头部。
CN92104767A 1991-06-21 1992-06-12 离心泵叶轮 Expired - Lifetime CN1023830C (zh)

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US719,025 1991-06-21
US07/719,025 US5192193A (en) 1991-06-21 1991-06-21 Impeller for centrifugal pumps

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CN1023830C CN1023830C (zh) 1994-02-16

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CN100408846C (zh) * 2002-10-02 2008-08-06 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 法兰西斯型涡轮机

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GB9211391D0 (en) 1992-07-15
GB2256901B (en) 1994-07-13
CA2068854C (en) 1998-04-07
CA2068854A1 (en) 1992-12-22
CN1023830C (zh) 1994-02-16
US5192193A (en) 1993-03-09
KR960016529B1 (ko) 1996-12-14
GB2256901A (en) 1992-12-23
KR930000844A (ko) 1993-01-15

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