CN106802272B - Rock mass fracture network seepage anisotropy test and visualization system - Google Patents
Rock mass fracture network seepage anisotropy test and visualization system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007794 visualization technique Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012113 quantitative test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock mass fracture network seepage anisotropy testing and visualization system, which comprises a three-dimensional holder, a fracture network module, a clamping type interface, a seepage water weighing system and a seepage visualization system, wherein the three-dimensional holder is connected with the fracture network module through a pipeline; the fracture network module comprises an upper layer glass plate, a lower layer glass plate and a glass plate which is positioned in the middle layer and contains a fracture network, the aqueduct sequentially penetrates through the three-dimensional holder and the lower layer glass plate on the lower side and extends into the fracture network glass plate, so that water flow can enter the fracture network glass plate along the aqueduct and seep in the fracture network, and the seepage is collected by the clamping type interface and enters the seepage water weighing system. By utilizing the system, the permeability coefficients of the fracture network in any form along different directions can be quantitatively measured, and meanwhile, the visual research can be carried out on the seepage processes in different directions in the fracture network. The system well solves the problem of water leakage in the seepage test, and has the advantages of convenience in testing, simplicity in processing, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of network fracture medium physical model tests, in particular to a test system for permeability coefficients of a fracture network in a rock mass along different directions and a visual research method for a seepage process along different directions.
Background
A large number of discontinuous surfaces/cracks exist in a natural rock body, the existence of the discontinuous surfaces provides a channel for the migration of water or other harmful substances in the rock body, and the seepage characteristic of the cracked rock body plays an increasingly important role in rock engineering. The cracks in rock mass engineering are generally in a net shape, and in the process of generating seepage of water or harmful substances, the seepage coefficients and the seepage processes in different directions are different. Therefore, the visual research on the anisotropy of the permeability coefficient of the expansion fluid in the rock fracture network and the seepage process along different directions has important significance for the safety evaluation of the slope engineering stability and the underground (storage) engineering.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201210275148.7 provides a method for determining the permeability parameter of an anisotropic medium based on a single-hole water flow wave equation from the perspective of theoretical analysis, and the method can construct and obtain the permeability coefficient tensor of the anisotropic rock mass medium by utilizing the fracture medium hydrodynamics and the oscillation test principle.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201610064275.0 provides a method for researching the relation between the permeability of fractured rock masses with different inclination angles and the porosity of the fractured rock masses, the patent utilizes similar rock-like materials to manufacture rock-like samples with different inclination angles, the porosity of the samples is changed by applying confining pressure to the samples with different inclination angles, the permeability of the samples is tested, and the sensitivity of the permeability of the samples with different inclination angles to the change of the porosity is researched by continuously changing the confining pressure.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201610065036.7 researches the change of permeability caused by the difference of the dip angle of the fissure in the fractured rock mass, the patent determines the change rate of the permeability of the fractured rock mass in different directions by a mathematical analysis method, and carries out standardization processing on the change rate of the permeability and the change rate of the dip angle to obtain the change quantity of the unit permeability caused by the change of the unit dip angle of different dip angles.
In the above prior art, most researches on the hydraulic characteristics of the rock mass are carried out on the magnitude of the permeability of the rock mass under different working conditions, or on the relationship between the permeability of the rock mass and other physical parameters (such as fracture dip angle and porosity). However, as the permeability coefficient for representing the hydraulic characteristics of the rock mass, the permeability coefficients of the fractures in different directions in the fractured rock mass have great difference and show obvious directionality, and the research on the permeability coefficients in different directions in the process of rock mass fracture network seepage is rarely reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the prior art, the rock mass fracture network seepage anisotropy test and visualization system is provided, quantitative test can be carried out on the permeability coefficients of the compact rock mass fracture network along different directions, and meanwhile visualization research can be carried out on the seepage process of fluid in the fracture network along different directions.
The technical scheme is as follows: the rock mass fracture network seepage anisotropy testing and visualization system comprises a three-dimensional holder, a water source, an injection pump, a fracture network module, a clamping type interface, a seepage water weighing system and a seepage visualization system; the fracture network module comprises an upper layer glass plate, a lower layer glass plate and a glass plate containing a fracture network, wherein the glass plate containing the fracture network is positioned in the middle layer; the center positions of the three-dimensional holder, the lower glass plate and the fracture-containing network glass plate are respectively provided with a round hole, and sealant is arranged on the periphery of the lower surface of the upper glass plate and the periphery of the upper surface of the lower glass plate; the fracture network module is horizontally arranged on the three-dimensional holder, each edge of the fracture network module is connected with a clamping type interface, each clamping type interface wraps one side edge of the fracture network module, sealant is arranged on the edge, in contact with the fracture network module, of each clamping type interface, and an outlet of each clamping type interface is connected with a seepage water weighing system; a water conduit connected with a water source through an injection pump sequentially penetrates through the three-dimensional holder and the lower glass plate and extends into the fracture-containing network glass plate, and the water conduit and the lower glass plate are sealed; the seepage visualization system is arranged right above the fracture network module.
Furthermore, the seepage water weighing system comprises a collecting container, an electronic scale and a computer, wherein the collecting container is used for collecting seepage water in the fracture network module, the collecting container is arranged on the electronic scale, and the computer is connected with the electronic scale and used for weighing and recording the mass of the seepage water in real time.
Furthermore, the water guide pipe is connected with the water source end and is provided with a filtering device.
Further, the method comprises the following experimental steps:
1) firstly, manufacturing a fracture network glass plate, then assembling a fracture network module and connecting the fracture network module with the whole test system;
2) adjusting the fracture network module to be completely horizontal by using a three-dimensional holder, and pumping air in the fracture network module by using a vacuum pump;
3) opening a switch of the clamping type interface, opening an injection pump to inject seepage water into the fracture network module, and collecting the mass of the seepage water in the tested fracture direction in unit time through a seepage water weighing system after the flow of the seepage water is stable;
4) calculating the permeability coefficients of the fracture network along different fracture directions according to the mass of the water seeped out in the measured fracture direction in unit time;
5) and changing the water source into colored dye solution, and observing and calculating the flowing distance of the colored dye solution in the fracture network module along different fracture directions in unit time through a seepage visualization system.
Further, in the step 1), the fracture network glass plate is cut by a water jet or carved by a glass knife or physically hit to obtain the fracture network.
Further, in the step 3), one or several clamping interfaces are opened.
Has the advantages that: 1. the invention discloses a quantitative test system for the research on the permeability coefficient directionality of fractured rock masses for the first time, and fills the technical blank in the past.
2. The fracture network module well solves the problem of water leakage in a seepage test; meanwhile, the fracture-containing network glass plate in the fracture network module is convenient to manufacture and low in cost.
3. The fracture-containing network glass plate is well suitable for the problem of research diversity, the fracture generation method has diversity, can be customized according to the research requirement, can be extracted according to the image of an engineering field, and can be automatically generated through a random Monte Carlo method, various parameters of the corresponding fracture can be changed according to the research requirement, such as fracture inclination angle, trace length, opening degree, roughness, distribution position and the like, the corresponding fracture-containing network glass plate model can be manufactured according to different test purposes, the rest parts of the test system can be reused, and the application range of the test system is enlarged.
4. The visualization system formed by the high-precision CCD camera and the computer has the characteristics of high shooting speed, high image precision and clear imaging, and provides a new technical means for test phenomenon recording and test process comparison.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a fracture network seepage anisotropy test and visualization system;
FIG. 2 is a fracture network module;
fig. 3 is a clip-on interface.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the rock mass fracture network permeability coefficient directivity testing and visualization system comprises a three-dimensional holder 1, a water source 2, an injection pump 4, a fracture network module 5, a clamping type interface 6, a seepage water weighing system 7 and a seepage visualization system 11.
As shown in fig. 2, the fracture network module 5 includes upper and lower glass plates 14, 16 and a fracture network-containing glass plate 15 located in the middle layer, and the upper and lower glass plates 14, 16 clamp the fracture network-containing glass plate 15 from the upper and lower sides, respectively. The upper and lower glass plates 14 and 16 and the glass plate 15 containing the fracture network are regular n-polygon, n is even number, and the side length of the glass plate 15 containing the fracture network is equal to or slightly larger than that of the upper and lower glass plates 14 and 16. Sealant is arranged on the periphery of the lower surface of the upper glass plate 14 and the periphery of the upper surface of the lower glass plate 16, the three layers of glass are horizontally stacked and are arranged oppositely, and the sealant realizes integral water prevention of the fracture network module, namely when the rock is compact, the network fracture module considers that the rock is not water-tight. Three glass plates forming the fracture network module 5 are regular n-polygon, the number n of edges can be changed according to the test requirements, and the larger the value of n is, the larger the directional density of the obtained fracture network permeability coefficient is; in this embodiment, the upper and lower glass sheets 14, 16 and the glass sheet 15 containing the network of cracks are all in the shape of a regular 6-sided polygon. Because the permeability coefficient of the rock matrix is far smaller than that of the fracture, the fracture network-containing rock body is simulated by the fracture network-containing glass plate 15, and the rock matrix with smaller permeability coefficient is simulated by the glass material.
The fracture network module 5 is horizontally arranged on the three-dimensional holder 1, each edge of the fracture network module 5 is connected with one clamping type interface 6, each clamping type interface 6 wraps one side edge of the fracture network module 5, and the edges, in contact with the fracture network module 5, of the clamping type interfaces 6 are provided with sealant. When the side length of the glass plate 15 containing the fracture network is slightly larger than the side lengths of the upper and lower glass plates 14 and 16, the protruding part of the edge of the glass plate 15 containing the fracture network can be clamped conveniently by using the clamping type interface 6, and a better sealing effect can be achieved.
The three-dimensional holder 1, the lower glass plate 16 and the crack-containing network glass plate 15 are respectively provided with a circular hole at the right center position, a water guide pipe 18 connected with a water source 2 through an injection pump 4 sequentially penetrates through the three-dimensional holder 1 and the lower glass plate 16 and extends into the crack-containing network glass plate 15, and the water guide pipe 18 and the lower glass plate 16 are sealed. The end of the water conduit 18 connected with the water source 2 is provided with the filtering device 3, and the filtering device 3 is used for filtering impurities in the water source and preventing the impurities from entering the fracture network and blocking the fracture. The outlet of each clamping type interface 6 is connected with a seepage water weighing system 7, and a seepage flow visualization system 11 is arranged right above the fracture network module 5.
The seepage water weighing system 7 comprises a collecting container 8, an electronic scale 9 and a computer 10, wherein the collecting container 8 is used for collecting seepage water in the fracture network module 5, the collecting container 8 is arranged on the electronic scale 9, and the computer 10 is connected with the electronic scale 9 and used for weighing and recording the quality of the seepage water in real time.
As shown in figure 3, the inside of the clamp is of a hollow structure, the outside of the clamp is well sealed except the opening of the clamp, and one side opposite to the opening is externally connected with a water guide pipe through a reserved hole, so that fracture seepage can flow into the weighing system after being collected through the clamping type interface 6.
Based on the rock mass fracture network seepage anisotropy test and visualization system, the method comprises the following experimental steps:
1) firstly, the fracture network glass plate 15, namely the hexagonal glass plate containing the fracture network and the two hexagonal glass plates required by the test are manufactured, and then the fracture network module 5 is assembled and connected with the whole test system. The fracture network glass plate 15 is prepared by cutting the glass plate with a water jet or engraving with a glass knife or physically striking to obtain a fracture network, and the fracture network is completely communicated along the thickness direction of the fracture network and is used for simulating the fracture network in a rock body. The fracture network is customized according to research needs, can be extracted according to images of an engineering field, and can be automatically generated through a random method. The parameters of the corresponding fracture can also be changed according to the research requirements, such as the dip angle, the trace length, the opening degree, the roughness and the distribution position of the fracture.
2) The three-dimensional holder 1 is utilized to adjust the fracture network module 5 to be completely horizontal, so that the influence of water flow gravity on a test result is eliminated; air in the fracture network module 5 is pumped out by using a vacuum pump, so that the test result is prevented from being influenced by bubbles generated in the process of seepage of water in the fracture network;
3) the switches of all the clamping type interfaces 6 are opened, the injection pump 4 is started to inject seepage water into the fracture network module 5, and the water flow can enter the fracture network-containing glass plate 15 along the water guide pipe 18 and seep in the fracture network; after the flow of the seepage water is stable, the mass of the seepage water in the direction of the tested crack in unit time is collected through a seepage water weighing system 7;
4) closing the injection pump after a certain time, and calculating the permeability coefficients of the fracture network along different fracture directions according to the mass of the seepage water in the measured fracture directions in unit time;
5) and (3) replacing the water source 2 with the colored dye solution, starting the injection pump 4 again to inject the colored dye solution into the fracture network module, and observing and calculating the flowing distance of the colored dye solution in the fracture network module 5 along different fracture directions in unit time through the seepage visualization system 11. The seepage visualization system 11 comprises a high-precision CCD camera 12 and a computer 13, the surface of the fracture network module 5 is photographed by the high-precision CCD camera 12 according to a certain frequency, the flowing distance of water flow in a fracture in a certain time interval can be calculated by processing the obtained picture, and the larger the flowing distance is, the larger the seepage coefficient of the fracture in the direction is. By utilizing the method, the visual observation of the permeability coefficient anisotropy of the fluid in the rock mass fracture network in the flowing process along different fractures can be realized, and the visual research of the anisotropy of the fracture network seepage process can be realized. The concentration of the colored dye solution should be smooth to pass through the fracture network, and 0.5g/L of red dye solution is selected in the embodiment.
In the above experimental steps, the number of open holding type joints 6 in step 3) can be adjusted to study the permeability coefficient of the fracture in the characteristic direction.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A rock mass fracture network seepage anisotropy test and visualization method is characterized in that: the method adopts a rock mass fracture network seepage anisotropy testing and visualization system, wherein the system comprises a three-dimensional holder (1), a water source (2), an injection pump (4), a fracture network module (5), a clamping type interface (6), a seepage water weighing system (7) and a seepage visualization system (11); the fracture network module (5) comprises upper and lower layers of glass plates (14, 16) and a glass plate (15) containing a fracture network, wherein the glass plate (15) containing the fracture network is positioned in the middle layer, the upper and lower layers of glass plates (14, 16) and the glass plate (15) containing the fracture network are both regular hexagons, and the side length of the glass plate (15) containing the fracture network is greater than or equal to that of the upper and lower layers of glass plates (14, 16); the center positions of the three-dimensional holder (1), the lower layer glass plate (16) and the crack-containing network glass plate (15) are respectively provided with a round hole, and sealing glue is arranged on the periphery of the lower surface of the upper layer glass plate (14) and the periphery of the upper surface of the lower layer glass plate (16); the fracture network module (5) is horizontally arranged on the three-dimensional holder (1), each edge of the fracture network module (5) is connected with a clamping type interface (6), each clamping type interface (6) wraps one side edge of the fracture network module (5), the edges of the clamping type interfaces (6) contacting with the fracture network module (5) are provided with sealing glue, and the outlet of each clamping type interface (6) is connected with a seepage water weighing system (7); a water conduit (18) connected with a water source (2) through an injection pump (4) sequentially penetrates through the three-dimensional holder (1) and the lower glass plate (16) and extends into the glass plate (15) containing the fracture network, and the water conduit (18) and the lower glass plate (16) are sealed; the seepage visualization system (11) is arranged right above the fracture network module (5);
the method comprises the following experimental steps:
1) firstly, a glass plate (15) containing a fracture network is manufactured, then a fracture network module (5) is assembled and connected with the whole test system, wherein the glass plate containing the fracture network is cut on the glass plate by a water jet or is carved by a glass knife or is physically hit to prepare the fracture network, and the fracture network is completely through along the thickness direction and is used for simulating the fracture network in a rock mass;
2) adjusting the fracture network module (5) to be completely horizontal by using the three-dimensional holder (1), and pumping air in the fracture network module (5) by using a vacuum pump;
3) opening a switch of the clamping type interface (6), opening the injection pump (4) to inject seepage water into the fracture network module (5), and collecting the quality of the seepage water in the tested fracture direction in unit time through a seepage water weighing system (7) after the flow of the seepage water is stable;
4) calculating the permeability coefficients of the fracture network along different fracture directions according to the mass of the seepage water in the measured fracture direction in unit time;
5) the method comprises the steps that a water source (2) is changed into colored dye liquor, the flowing distances of the colored dye liquor in different fracture directions in a fracture network module (5) in unit time are observed and calculated through a seepage visualization system (11), the seepage visualization system comprises a high-precision CCD camera and a computer, the surface of the fracture network module is photographed through the high-precision CCD camera according to certain frequency, the flowing distance of water flow in fractures in a certain time interval can be calculated through image processing of obtained pictures, the larger the flowing distance is, the larger the permeability coefficient of the fractures in the direction is, by means of the method, the visual observation of the anisotropy of the permeability coefficient of the fluid in the flowing process of different fractures in a rock mass fracture network can be achieved, and the anisotropic visualization research of the seepage process of the fracture network is achieved; in the step 3), one or a plurality of clamping type interfaces (6) are opened; the seepage water weighing system (7) comprises a collecting container (8), an electronic scale (9) and a computer (10), wherein the collecting container (8) is used for collecting seepage water in the fracture network module (5), the collecting container (8) is arranged on the electronic scale (9), and the computer (10) is connected with the electronic scale (9) and used for weighing and recording the mass of the seepage water in real time; the water guide pipe (18) is connected with the water source (2) end and is provided with a filtering device (3).
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| CN108051349A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-18 | 绍兴文理学院 | A kind of visual Single Fracture permeability dimensional effect testing equipment and method |
| CN108037057B (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2020-10-27 | 北京工业大学 | Experimental device for observing flowing rule of fluid in fracture network model |
| CN109668926B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2023-11-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Equivalent heat conductivity coefficient testing system and calculating method for fractured rock mass unit structure |
| CN110160936A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-23 | 四川大学 | Complexity based on 3D printing divides shape crack multiple coupling seepage flow experiment system and method |
| CN111638169A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Rock three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution testing system and method |
| CN111829934B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-03-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Fracture network shear-two-phase flow test device and test method |
| CN113702246B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-02-03 | 河海大学 | Monitoring device and monitoring method for pollutant migration in filling fracture network |
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