CN106800406B - 一种钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉的微波辅助溶胶凝胶燃烧合成方法 - Google Patents
一种钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉的微波辅助溶胶凝胶燃烧合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉的微波辅助溶胶凝胶燃烧合成方法,按照一定配比量取硅酸乙酯预水解0.5‑1小时,然后依次加入硝酸铝、硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸锂、硝酸钡和硼酸,待其充分溶解、澄清后,再加入甘氨酸、柠檬酸、尿素等燃烧剂,继续搅拌形成透明溶胶,经陈化、干燥、研磨后制成干凝胶粉,于微波加热炉中加热点火燃烧,燃烧结束后获得疏松玻璃粉,经球磨后获得微米级专用体瓷粉。本发明的方法简单方便、引入杂质少,可有效消除高温熔化所带来的坩埚污染和成分偏析现象,获得的产物粒径小、比表面积高、无团聚,烧结活性强,同时具有加热温度低、能源利用充分、反应时间短、设备简单、易于工业化、高效环保等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种牙科生物材料的制备方法,尤其是一种钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉的微波辅助溶胶凝胶燃烧合成方法。
背景技术
金属烤瓷牙是将陶瓷高温熔覆于金属表面制成,由于其既具有金属材料强度和韧性高、边缘密合好等特点,又具有陶瓷色泽逼真、耐磨耐腐蚀性好、自洁作用强等优点,已成为治疗牙缺失的最主要方法。与目前通常所采用的贵金属和镍铬合金相比较,钛金属具有生物相容性优异,价格低廉等特点,在金属烤瓷修复中的应用受到了人们的关注。
目前,牙科钛烤瓷粉的制备主要采取玻璃高温熔化的方法,这种方法所需设备复杂,操作不方便,另外,作为牙科生物材料的钛烤瓷粉,其成分的偏差将会对材料的性能尤其是生物性能造成影响。然而,在高温熔制玻璃过程中,由于不同原料的挥发性不同,部分易挥发成分(如Na2O、K2O、Li2O等)挥发损失大,将造成最终制得的玻璃成分与所设计的成分出现偏差;玻璃熔制过程中还易出现失透及成分偏析现象,所使用的坩埚在高温熔制过程中易与玻璃中的碱性氧化物发生反应,反应产物进入玻璃结构中进而污染玻璃,这些因素都将会导致玻璃的实际成分与设计成分发生偏差,将对钛烤瓷粉的性能产生一定的负面影响。
溶胶凝胶法解决了高温熔化法所带来的一些问题,如成分偏析和坩埚污染等,而且,由于是在溶液中反应,可以使反应原料在原子、分子水平上均匀混合。此外,制得的凝胶粉纯度高、比表面积大,烧结活性强,烧结温度更低,更适合用于制备钛烤瓷瓷粉。
但是,利用溶胶凝胶法制备生物凝胶玻璃粉末具有制粉周期长的缺点,在制得凝胶后,要经过长达100小时的陈化干燥,在此过程中,大量的物质包括乙醇、酸、醇盐或醋等挥发会造成环境污染。
发明内容
为了克服传统高温熔化制备牙科钛烤瓷粉操作不方便,原料易挥发,组元损失大,失透及成分偏析以及坩埚污染等所导致的实际成分与设计成分偏差的不足,本发明提供一种钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉的微波辅助溶胶凝胶燃烧合成方法,该方法兼有溶胶凝胶法和自蔓延法的优点,具有加热温度低、制粉周期短、设备简单、易于工业化、高效环保的优点,且获得的产物引入杂质少、粒径小、比表面积高、烧结活性强。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是:一种钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉的微波辅助溶胶凝胶燃烧合成方法,包括以下步骤:第一步:将硅酸乙酯预水解0.5-1小时,然后依次加入硝酸铝、硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸锂、硝酸钡和硼酸,待其充分溶解、澄清后,再加入甘氨酸、柠檬酸和尿素其中一种或任意两种的组合作为燃烧剂,继续搅拌形成透明溶胶;第二步:将制备好的透明溶胶在室温环境下静置、陈化,接着进行干燥,使其变成凝胶,然后将凝胶进行研磨,制成干凝胶粉;第三步:将制好的干凝胶粉放入微波加热炉中,加热到300-600度进行点火,期间向干凝胶粉中通入氧气,以保证燃烧反应完全,燃烧结束后获得疏松玻璃粉;第四步:将所获得的玻璃粉进行球磨2-6个小时后,进行烘干,最终制得所需的钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉。
相比现有技术,本发明的有益效果表现如下:
1)本发明采用溶胶凝胶燃烧法制备牙科钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉,全部采用化学纯原料,配料成分准确,可获得与设计成分一致的玻璃粉;避免了高温熔制玻璃过程中部分易挥发成分挥发损失大、坩埚污染、失透及成分偏析现象所造成的玻璃实际成分与设计成分偏差问题。
2)本发明采用“富燃反应”,燃烧剂的加入量为化学计量比的1.1-1.5倍,有利于硝酸盐的完全反应进而进入玻璃相结构中;另外,通过在燃烧过程中通入氧气,使燃烧剂燃烧更加充分,燃料的燃烧焓增加,体系的燃烧温度升高,所制备的体瓷粉平均粒径小(约为2-10μm),比表面积高,分散性好,烧结活性更强。与传统高温熔融法制备的体瓷粉相比,此方法所制备的体瓷粉烧结后其抗弯强度提高了约23%,由89.6±5.96MPa提高到110.3±4.82MPa。
3)本发明采用微波辅助溶胶凝胶燃烧方法制备钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉,利用氧化还原反应在短时间放出的大量热量引起自蔓延燃烧,此方法具有加热温度低(300-600℃)、制粉周期短、设备简单、易于工业化、高效环保等优点。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明多个实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:
按照折合成氧化物的质量比为SiO2:Al2O3:B2O3:Na2O:K2O:Li2O:CaO:BaO=66:6:4:7:7:2:2:6的量,首先量取硅酸乙酯预水解1小时,然后依次量取加入硝酸铝、硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸锂、硝酸钡和硼酸,待其充分溶解、澄清后,再加入与硝酸根相当摩尔量的1.3倍的柠檬酸作为燃烧剂,继续搅拌形成透明溶胶;将制备好的溶胶在室温环境下静置、陈化,然后放置鼓风干燥箱内干燥,使其变成凝胶,然后将凝胶进行研磨,制成干凝胶粉;将制好的干凝胶粉放入微波加热炉中,加热到300度进行点火,期间向干凝胶粉中通入氧气,以保证燃烧反应完全,燃烧结束后获得疏松玻璃粉;将所获得的玻璃粉放入行星式球磨机中,球磨6个小时后,放入烘箱中进行烘干,最终制得平均粒度约为4.2μm钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉。与传统高温熔融法制备的体瓷粉相比,此方法所制备的体瓷粉烧结后其抗弯强度提高了约20%,由89.6±5.96MPa提高到108.4±5.17MPa。
实施例2:
按照折合成氧化物的质量比为SiO2:Al2O3:B2O3:Na2O:K2O:Li2O:CaO:BaO=64:7:5:8:8:1:1:6的量,首先量取硅酸乙酯预水解1小时,然后依次量取加入硝酸铝、硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸锂、硝酸钡和硼酸,待其充分溶解、澄清后,再加入与硝酸根相当摩尔量的1.2倍的尿素作为燃烧剂,继续搅拌形成透明溶胶;将制备好的溶胶在室温环境下静置、陈化,然后放置鼓风干燥箱内干燥,使其变成凝胶,然后将凝胶进行研磨,制成干凝胶粉;将制好的干凝胶粉放入微波加热炉中,加热到475度进行点火,期间向干凝胶粉中通入氧气,以保证燃烧反应完全,燃烧结束后获得疏松玻璃粉;将所获得的玻璃粉放入行星式球磨机中,球磨6个小时后,放入烘箱中进行烘干,最终制得平均粒度约为3.3μm钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉。与传统高温熔融法制备的体瓷粉相比,此方法所制备的体瓷粉烧结后其抗弯强度提高了约24%,由89.6±5.96MPa提高到111.2±5.22MPa。
实施例3:
按照折合成氧化物的质量比为SiO2:Al2O3:B2O3:Na2O:K2O:Li2O:CaO:BaO=62:8:3:9:9:2:2:5的量,首先量取硅酸乙酯预水解0.5小时,然后依次量取加入硝酸铝、硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸锂、硝酸钡、硼酸等,待其充分溶解、澄清后,再加入与硝酸根相当摩尔量的1.1倍的甘氨酸作为燃烧剂,继续搅拌形成透明溶胶;将制备好的溶胶在室温环境下静置、陈化,然后放置鼓风干燥箱内干燥,使其变成凝胶,然后将凝胶进行研磨,制成干凝胶粉。将制好的干凝胶粉放入微波加热炉中,加热到350度进行点火,期间向干凝胶粉中通入氧气,以保证燃烧反应完全,燃烧结束后获得疏松玻璃粉;将所获得的玻璃粉放入行星式球磨机中,球磨6个小时后,放入烘箱中进行烘干,最终制得平均粒度约为2.6μm钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉。与传统高温熔融法制备的体瓷粉相比,此方法所制备的体瓷粉烧结后其抗弯强度提高了约25%,由89.6±5.96MPa提高到112.3±5.35MPa。
实施例4
按照折合成氧化物的质量比为SiO2:Al2O3:B2O3:Na2O:K2O:Li2O:CaO:BaO=60:7:5:9:9:2:2:6的量,首先量取硅酸乙酯预水解1小时,然后依次量取加入硝酸铝、硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸锂、硝酸钡和硼酸,待其充分溶解、澄清后,再加入与硝酸根相当摩尔量的1.2倍的柠檬酸和甘氨酸复合燃烧剂(其中柠檬酸和甘氨酸的摩尔比为1:1),继续搅拌形成透明溶胶;将制备好的溶胶在室温环境下静置、陈化,然后放置鼓风干燥箱内干燥,使其变成凝胶,然后将凝胶进行研磨,制成干凝胶粉;将制好的干凝胶粉放入微波加热炉中,加热到400度进行点火,期间向干凝胶粉中通入氧气,以保证燃烧反应完全,燃烧结束后获得疏松玻璃粉;将所获得的玻璃粉放入行星式球磨机中,球磨6个小时后,放入烘箱中进行烘干,最终制得平均粒度约为2.5μm钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉。与传统高温熔融法制备的体瓷粉相比,此方法所制备的体瓷粉烧结后其抗弯强度提高了约25%,由89.6±5.96MPa提高到111.9±5.47MPa。
实施例5
按照折合成氧化物的质量比为SiO2:Al2O3:B2O3:Na2O:K2O:Li2O:CaO:BaO=58:8:5:10:10:1:2:6的量,首先量取硅酸乙酯预水解1小时,然后依次量取加入硝酸铝、硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸锂、硝酸钡和硼酸,待其充分溶解、澄清后,再加入与硝酸根相当摩尔量的1.4倍的尿素和甘氨酸复合燃烧剂(其中尿素和甘氨酸的摩尔比为1:1),继续搅拌形成透明溶胶;将制备好的溶胶在室温环境下静置、陈化,然后放置鼓风干燥箱内干燥,使其变成凝胶,然后将凝胶进行研磨,制成干凝胶粉;将制好的干凝胶粉放入微波加热炉中,加热到550度进行点火,期间向干凝胶粉中通入氧气,以保证燃烧反应完全,燃烧结束后获得疏松玻璃粉;将所获得的玻璃粉放入行星式球磨机中,球磨4个小时后,放入烘箱中进行烘干,最终制得平均粒度约为3.1μm钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉。与传统高温熔融法制备的体瓷粉相比,此方法所制备的体瓷粉烧结后其抗弯强度提高了约22%,由89.6±5.96MPa提高到109.2±4.77MPa。
实施例6:
按照折合成氧化物的质量比为SiO2:Al2O3:B2O3:Na2O:K2O:Li2O:CaO:BaO=63:6:5:9:8:2:1:6的量,首先量取硅酸乙酯预水解1小时,然后依次量取加入硝酸铝、硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸锂、硝酸钡和硼酸,待其充分溶解、澄清后,再加入与硝酸根相当摩尔量的1.5倍的柠檬酸和尿素复合燃烧剂(其中柠檬酸和尿素的摩尔比为1:1)作为燃烧剂,继续搅拌形成透明溶胶;将制备好的溶胶在室温环境下静置、陈化,然后放置鼓风干燥箱内干燥,使其变成凝胶,然后将凝胶进行研磨,制成干凝胶粉;将制好的干凝胶粉放入微波加热炉中,加热到575度进行点火,期间向干凝胶粉中通入氧气,以保证燃烧反应完全,燃烧结束后获得疏松玻璃粉;将所获得的玻璃粉放入行星式球磨机中,球磨6个小时后,放入烘箱中进行烘干,最终制得平均粒度约为3.3μm钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉。与传统高温熔融法制备的体瓷粉相比,此方法所制备的体瓷粉烧结后其抗弯强度提高了约23%,由89.6±5.96MPa提高到110.2±5.62MPa。
实施例7
按照折合成氧化物的质量比为SiO2:Al2O3:B2O3:Na2O:K2O:Li2O:CaO:BaO=59:8:5:10:9:1:2:6的量,首先量取硅酸乙酯预水解0.5小时,然后依次量取加入硝酸铝、硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸锂、硝酸钡和硼酸,待其充分溶解、澄清后,再加入与硝酸根相当摩尔量的1.2倍的柠檬酸和甘氨酸复合燃烧剂(其中柠檬酸和甘氨酸的摩尔比为1:2),继续搅拌形成透明溶胶;将制备好的溶胶在室温环境下静置、陈化,然后放置鼓风干燥箱内干燥,使其变成凝胶,然后将凝胶进行研磨,制成干凝胶粉;将制好的干凝胶粉放入微波加热炉中,加热到525度进行点火,期间向干凝胶粉中通入氧气,以保证燃烧反应完全,燃烧结束后获得疏松玻璃粉;将所获得的玻璃粉放入行星式球磨机中,球磨6个小时后,放入烘箱中进行烘干,最终制得平均粒度约为2.1μm钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉。与传统高温熔融法制备的体瓷粉相比,此方法所制备的体瓷粉烧结后其抗弯强度提高了约26%,由89.6±5.96MPa提高到112.9±4.89MPa。
本发明将溶胶凝胶燃烧法应用于牙科钛烤瓷粉的制备中,利用硝酸盐与柠檬酸、尿素等燃烧剂发生氧化还原反应在短时间放出大量热,引起自蔓延燃烧,达到操作简单以及节省时间的目的。该方法具有加热温度低、能源利用充分、反应时间短、设备简单、易于工业化、高效环保等优点,同时获得的产物粒径小、比表面积高、烧结活性更强。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质,对以上实施例所作出任何简单修改和同等变化,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉的微波辅助溶胶凝胶燃烧合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步:所述的钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉的具体成分折合成氧化物的质量配比范围为SiO2:Al2O3:B2O3:Na2O:K2O:Li2O:CaO:BaO=58-68:3-8:1-5:4-10:4-10:1-2:1-2:4-6,按照上述配比量取硅酸乙酯并预水解0.5-1小时,然后依次加入硝酸铝、硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸锂、硝酸钡和硼酸,待其充分溶解、澄清后,再加入甘氨酸、柠檬酸和尿素其中一种或任意两种的组合作为燃烧剂,燃烧剂加入量为化学计量比的1.1-1.5倍,继续搅拌形成透明溶胶;
第二步:将制备好的透明溶胶在室温环境下静置、陈化,接着进行干燥,使其变成凝胶,然后将凝胶进行研磨,制成干凝胶粉;
第三步:将制好的干凝胶粉放入微波加热炉中,加热到300-600度进行点火,期间向干凝胶粉中通入氧气,以保证燃烧反应完全,燃烧完全后获得疏松玻璃粉;
第四步:将所获得的玻璃粉放入行星式球磨机中进行球磨2-6个小时后,进行烘干,最终制得所需的钛烤瓷专用体瓷粉。
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