CN106795634A - 制造设置有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法和钢构件 - Google Patents
制造设置有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法和钢构件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106795634A CN106795634A CN201580027027.2A CN201580027027A CN106795634A CN 106795634 A CN106795634 A CN 106795634A CN 201580027027 A CN201580027027 A CN 201580027027A CN 106795634 A CN106795634 A CN 106795634A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- ferrous alloy
- steel member
- steel
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0405—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0478—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing involving a particular surface treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/28—Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation
- C23C14/30—Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation by electron bombardment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
- C23C14/562—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks for coating elongated substrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
- C21D2251/02—Clad material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/623—Porosity of the layers
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制造设置有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法,该钢构件具有非常高的机械性能,其中,将铁基合金直接施加在钢基底上,该铁基合金含有:50–80重量%的Fe,优选50‑65重量%的Fe,0‑30重量%的Mg,0‑5重量%的Al,0‑5重量%的Ti,0‑10重量%的Si,0‑10重量%的Li,0‑10重量%的Ca,0‑30重量%的Mn,剩余Zn和不可避免的杂质,并且其中,对覆有该铁基合金的钢基底进行热成型,从而得到所述钢构件。通过按照本发明的方法可以实现一种专门用于根据热成型的过程而制成的钢构件的金属的防腐蚀保护层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造设置有金属的防腐蚀保护涂层的、具有非常高的机械性能的钢构件的方法以及这类钢构件。
背景技术
很多年以来已知的并提及的用于保护钢基底不受到腐蚀的方法是对薄板、特别是带状的薄钢板在含有锌或者锌合金的熔池中进行热浸镀层。锌涂层的层厚度在此通常借助剥离喷嘴(Abstreifdüse)而调整,该剥离喷嘴设置在熔池上方并且对准钢带的基本上垂直地从熔池中抽出的部分。该涂层方法也称为火镀锌。
同样自多年以来已知的、火镀锌的薄板的变型为所谓的“锌镀层退火处理(Galvannealed)”。通过使钢带在剥离喷嘴之后在炉中热处理,其中铁由基底材料扩散到锌层中并且最终转变为锌-铁合金层,产生了这种变型。
在EP 1 143 029 B1中描述了一种用于实现具有高机械性能的工件的方法,其中,该工件初始由板裁件通过热深冲而成型。该板裁件由“锌镀层退火处理”类型的钢板带材裁切而成。在板裁件的热深冲之前,在其表面上实现金属间的合金化合,该合金化合确保了对腐蚀和对钢材的脱碳的保护。为此,涂覆有锌或者基于锌的合金的钢板带材进行热处理,其中,覆层的钢板带材承受温度升高超过700℃。
但是,在“锌镀层退火处理”类型的钢板带材上,在实际中通常发现在金属的防腐蚀保护层中的可见的裂纹和孔,它们即使在薄板涂漆之后仍是可见的并且因此并不能满足漆表面的高要求。
发明内容
由此出发,本发明的目的在于,说明一种方法,通过该方法可以实现一种专门用于待根据热成型的过程而制成的钢构件的金属的防腐蚀保护层。在此,该涂层应含有锌,从而实现阴极保护作用。另外应这样得到该涂层,即,(不同于在纯锌镀层和合金化热镀锌层的情况)在相对较短的加热时间之后已不再存在沿着晶界的锌渗透的危险并由此不再存在构件的受限的机械稳定性的危险。
该目的通过具有权利要求1所述特征的方法得以实现。按照本发明的方法的有利和优选的设计方案在从属权利要求中给出。
按照本发明的方法的特征在于,将铁基合金直接覆在钢基底上,该铁基合金含有:
50–80重量%的Fe,优选50-65重量%的Fe,
0-30重量%的Mg,
0-5重量%的Al,
0-5重量%的Ti,
0-10重量%的Si,
0-10重量%的Li,
0-10重量%的Ca,
0-30重量%的Mn,
剩余Zn和不可避免的杂质,
并且其中,对覆有该铁基合金的钢基底进行热成型,从而得到钢构件。
在内部的试验中已令人意外地证实,按照本发明的方法制成的金属的层(涂层)即使在热成型之后仍具有包括阴极保护作用的出色的防腐蚀保护的特点。特别是证实了,通过按照本发明的方法避免了例如在纯锌镀层和合金化热镀锌层的情况下通常出现的涂层中的裂纹和孔。
另外还发现,按照本发明的方法允许在热成型过程的加热阶段过程中显著缩短加热时间(保持时间),而不会随后在按照本发明涂层并热成型的钢基底上导致裂纹的形成。加热时间(保持时间)的缩短也意味着相应的能量节约或实现了就既有的热成型设备而言的生产能力提高。另外,按照本发明的方法或者加热时间的缩短还促使尽可能地避免在钢基底上的氧化皮形成。由于Fe-Zn合金的高的温度稳定性,也避免了在热成型过程的加热阶段的过程中炉部件上的沉积。
按照本发明的方法的一个有利的设计方案设置为,铁基合金以一种方式施加在钢基底上,由铁基合金形成的层具有大于1μm、优选大于2μm的层厚度。按照本发明地由铁基合金制成的层例如具有在2-30μm的范围内、特别是在5-20μm的范围内的层厚度。由此可以实现特别可靠的防腐蚀保护。
按照本发明的方法的另一个有利的设计方案的特征在于,铁基合金借助物理的气相沉积(PVD法)或者电解沉积或者它们的组合而施加在钢基底上。以这种方式可以由铁基合金非常均匀地在钢基底(薄板)上形成防腐蚀保护的层。这样制成的防腐蚀保护的金属层在显微镜下显著地区别于由富含锌的预涂层通过随后退火而产生的层。为了在钢基底(薄板)上直接施加铁基合金,优选适合的是专门与高熔点的金属的蒸发相适应的、具有高涂覆率的PVD法(例如电子束蒸发)。
按照本发明,铁基合金直接地施加在待受到防腐蚀保护的钢基底(薄板)上。因此,其并不是像在纯锌或“锌镀层退火处理”类型的薄板的情况下那样直到在退火过程中才在热处理炉中或者热成型设备的炉中通过铁的扩散而形成。但是,出于不同的原因,有利的是,将铁基合金施加到已加热的钢基底上。已发现特别有利的是,将钢基底加热到250至350℃之间的温度。按照本发明的方法的一个优选的设计方案设置为,在施加铁基合金之前加热钢基底,其中,该钢基底在施加铁基合金的过程中具有在250-350℃、优选280-320℃范围内的温度。
按照本发明的方法的另一个设计方案,铁基合金可选地含有2-30重量%的Mg和/或2-5重量%的Al和/或2-5重量%的Ti和/或2-10重量%的Si和/或2-10重量%的Li和/或2-10重量%的Ca和/或2-30重量%的Mn(剩余Zn)。上述合金组成成分抑制了连续的氧化和扩散过程,由此有益于在淬火压的涂层中得到阴极保护相。
防腐蚀保护的金属涂层的一个特别有利的设计方案在于,铁基合金具有:在50-65重量%范围内的Fe含量和在20-30重量%范围内的Mg含量,剩余Zn。在Mg含量超过20重量%的情况下,即使Fe含量超过50重量%仍表现出显著的阴极保护作用。因此,按照本发明的方法的一个优选的设计方案设置为,铁基合金含有20-30重量%的Mg。
铝和/或钛可以加入铁基合金,从而确保锌含量的保护。因为这些元素在热成型的钢基底(薄板)的加热或奥氏体化过程中抵抗锌的流失。除了镁之外,特别是锂和钙也可以改善阴极防腐蚀保护。
为了实现具有非常高的机械强度的重量减轻的钢构件,按照本发明的方法的另一个优选的设计方案设置为,通过热成型得到的钢构件在热成型过程中和/或在热成型过程之后以一种方式冷却,以使得该钢构件经历淬火硬化。
本发明的主题另外还在于一种具有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件,其通过根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的方法制成。
附图说明
随后借助实施例进一步说明本发明。附图中示出了:
图1以立体的前视图示出了一个由锌镀层退火处理的薄板通过热深冲而制成的小圆碟,其在最大程度变形的区域中具有裂纹;
图2示出了通过热深冲而制成的、具有在竖直或垂直的切片中的最大程度变形的区域的小圆碟的截面;
图3示出了参照小圆碟的裂纹进行宏观评价的结果,这些小圆碟由锌镀层退火处理的薄板或者由覆有按照本发明的铁基合金的薄板分别通过热深冲在不同的温度和保持时间(加热时间)的条件下制成;而且
图4示出了参照小圆碟进行的微观裂纹评价,这些小圆碟由锌镀层退火处理的薄板(GA)或者由覆有按照本发明的铁基合金层的薄板(Fe基)分别通过热深冲在880℃和不同的保持时间的条件下制成。
具体实施方式
在图3中示出的宏观的裂纹评价的结果以及在图4中示出的微观裂纹评价的结果是基于小圆碟N进行的,这些小圆碟其中一方面由具有合金化的Zn-Fe层(GA)的锌镀层退火处理的薄板而另一方面由覆有按照本发明的铁基合金(Fe基)的薄板分别通过热深冲而制成。
使用的薄板的基底材料分别由可淬火压的钢材组成,例如22MnB5型钢材。锌镀层退火处理的薄板的合金化的Zn-Fe层含有约11重量%的Fe、约0.3重量%的Al和剩余锌,而在PVD方法中借助电子束蒸发而直接施加的Fe基合金(Fe基)含有约51重量%的Fe、约22重量%的Mg和约27重量%的Zn。
在热深冲之前加热各个板裁件,即加热至约880℃、900℃或920℃,并且在上述各个温度下保持3min、5min或10min的持续时间。相应加热的板裁件借助一个具有冲头和凹模的冲压机成型成小圆碟N。
由通过3min保持时间而加热的锌镀层退火处理的薄板成型的小圆碟N分别在最大程度变形的区域中(即,在由底部向小圆碟的环形侧表面的过渡区域中)具有可见的裂纹(参见附图1和附图3)。另外,由以5min时长加热的锌镀层退火处理的薄板成型的小圆碟N在上述区域中具有裂纹的迹象(参见附图3)。在由以10min时长加热的锌镀层退火处理的薄板成型的小圆杯N中,既没有发现可见的裂纹也没有发现裂纹的迹象。因此,在对锌镀层退火处理的薄板进行热成型的情况下可以仅通过相对长的保持时间而减小裂纹形成。相反地,在按照本发明地由以铁基合金(Fe基)覆层的薄板而成型的小圆碟上,在上述三种温度以及三种保持时间下在变形最大的区域中都证实没有裂纹(参见附图3)。
对于微观裂纹评价而言,将小圆碟垂直地切开并且磨光,从而在由小圆碟的底部向其环绕的侧表面的过渡区域中得到了一个竖直的试片(参见附图2),其中,所述小圆碟一方面由锌镀层退火处理的薄板成型而另一方面则由通过铁基合金(Fe基)覆层的薄板成型,薄板分别加热至约880℃并且在该温度下保持3min、5min或10min。在图2中以Bmax标记出了变形最大程度的位置。由该变形最大程度的位置开始朝双方向经过各4mm的分析长度来研究该试片。在此,在由通过铁基合金(Fe基)覆层的薄板成型的小圆碟上不能确定出值得注意的裂纹。相反地,在由锌镀层退火处理的薄板成型的小圆碟中能够确定出明显的裂纹深度。在由锌镀层退火处理的薄板制成的小圆杯N中(其中该薄板在热深冲之前在880℃的温度下保持了3min),确定出大约120μm的裂纹深度。随着保持时间的增加,裂纹深度减小。在由锌镀层退火处理的薄板制成的小圆碟N中(其中该薄板在热深冲之前在880℃的温度下保持了5min),裂纹深度为大约40μm。在由锌镀层退火处理的薄板制成的小圆碟中(其中该薄板在热深冲之前在880℃的温度下保持了10min),不能确定出值得注意的裂纹。
随后借助三个实验的结果进一步说明本发明。
试验1:
基底材料(例如22MnB5型的薄钢板)借助于PVD以连续的覆层方法以50重量%的Fe和49重量%的Zn以及1重量%的Ti覆层。这通过Fe和Ti借助电子束蒸发的同时沉积以及Zn在一个分开的覆层步骤中借助于喷射PVD(Jet-PVD)的沉积而得以实现。由于Fe和Zn的不同的熔点和沸点,两种元素难以同时沉积。得到了约8μm的层厚度。该层随后在连续炉中在380℃下经过25秒的持续时间热学地再致密。该热学的再致密用于使层的附着改善以及通过固体扩散进行的第一次合金形成。
这样在连续的带材覆层过程中制成的材料随后依据在后续加工的客户处的过程而切割成扁坯并且运送至淬火压过程。而在试验室淬火压炉中由6min缩短到3min的加热阶段的过程中,出现具有55重量%的Fe、44重量%的Zn和1重量%的Ti的覆层以及仅1.5μm厚的Ti氧化物和Zn氧化物层。
(不同于由Z型或ZF型(10重量%的Fe)的薄板制成的钢构件)通过淬火压制成的钢构件在20至30%之间的变形程度的条件下也不具有触及钢基底的裂纹。覆层的金属锌的剩余含量足够高,以至于能够确保主动的防腐蚀保护。
试验2:
基底材料(例如22MnB5型的薄钢板)借助于PVD以连续的涂层方法覆层50重量%的Fe和45重量%的Zn以及5重量%的Mg。这通过Mg和Zn分别借助喷射PVD的沉积,以及在第二个覆层步骤中Fe借助于电子束蒸发而施加在一个优选预先加热至约300℃的基底上而得以实现。这样产生的总的层厚度约为8μm。
这样在连续的带材涂层过程中制成的材料随后依据在进一步加工的客户处的过程而切割成扁坯并且引入至淬火压过程。而在实验室淬火压炉中由6min缩短到3.5min的加热阶段的过程中,出现具有65重量%的Fe、32重量%的Zn和3重量%的Mg的覆层以及1至2μm厚的镁氧化物层。
淬火压后的钢构件不具有像是在温度不稳定的锌覆层的情况下在热成型之后而出现的深的基底裂纹。
该覆层可以容易地清洁、磷化并且KTL涂层。也适用于电阻点焊。
还令人意外地发现,该防腐蚀保护能够与初始状态下10μm厚的纯的锌覆层在间接的压硬化之后的防腐蚀保护效果相媲美。
试验3:
在基底材料(例如22MnB5型的薄钢板)上首先以电解的方式涂覆5μm厚的Zn层。随后,以PVD法借助电子束蒸发施加5-6μm厚的Fe层。通过另一个靶材同时沉积Al。
这样得到的层含有50重量%的Fe、48重量%的Zn和2重量%的Al。该层随后在连续炉中在450℃下经历2min的热学的再致密。该处理步骤用于层的附着力改善以及用于通过固体扩散进行的第一次合金形成。
这样在连续的带材覆层过程中制成的材料随后依据在后加工的客户处的过程而切割成扁坯并且运送至淬火压过程。而在实验室淬火压炉中由6min缩短到3.5min的加热阶段的过程中,出现具有65重量%的Fe、33重量%的Zn和2重量%的Al以及有约2μm厚的Al氧化物和Zn氧化物层的覆层。
另外还令人意外地发现,这样制成的钢构件的特点为能够以电化学的方式证实的、钢基底的主动的防腐蚀保护。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于制造设置有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法,所述钢构件具有非常高的机械性能,其中,将铁基合金直接施加在钢基底上,所述铁基合金含有:
50–80重量%的Fe,优选50-65重量%的Fe,
0-30重量%的Mg,
0-5重量%的Al,
0-5重量%的Ti,
0-10重量%的Si,
0-10重量%的Li,
0-10重量%的Ca,
0-30重量%的Mn,
剩余Zn和不可避免的杂质,
并且其中,对以所述铁基合金覆层的钢基底进行热成型,从而得到所述钢构件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铁基合金以一种方式施加在所述钢基底上,由所述铁基合金形成的覆层具有大于1μm、优选大于2μm的层厚度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铁基合金借助物理的气相沉积或者电解沉积或者它们的组合而施加在所述钢基底上。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在施加所述铁基合金之前加热所述钢基底,其中,所述钢基底在施加所述铁基合金的过程中具有在250-350℃范围内的温度。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铁基合金含有:
2-30重量%的Mg和/或
2-5重量%的Al和/或
2-5重量%的Ti和/或
2-10重量%的Si和/或
2-10重量%的Li和/或
2-10重量%的Ca和/或
2-30重量%的Mn。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铁基合金含有20-30重量%的Mg。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过热成型得到的钢构件在热成型过程中和/或紧接着热成型过程之后以一种方式冷却,以使得所述钢构件经过淬火硬化。
8.一种具有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件,所述钢构件通过根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的方法制成。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14167941.5 | 2014-05-12 | ||
EP14167941.5A EP2944710B1 (de) | 2014-05-12 | 2014-05-12 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit einer metallischen, korrosionsschützenden Beschichtung versehenen warmumgeformten Stahlbauteils aus presshärtbarem Stahl |
PCT/EP2015/059703 WO2015173048A1 (de) | 2014-05-12 | 2015-05-04 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit einer metallischen, korrosionsschützenden beschichtung versehenen stahlbauteils und stahlbauteil |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106795634A true CN106795634A (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
CN106795634B CN106795634B (zh) | 2021-04-30 |
Family
ID=50693515
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201580027027.2A Active CN106795634B (zh) | 2014-05-12 | 2015-05-04 | 制造设置有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法和钢构件 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10704112B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2944710B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6594343B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20170005838A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN106795634B (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2016014783A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015173048A1 (zh) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111334775A (zh) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-26 | 大众汽车有限公司 | 制造热成型且压硬化的钢板构件用的钢基质及热成型方法 |
CN111481739A (zh) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-04 | 东莞立德生物医疗有限公司 | 生物医用可降解镁合金材料及其制备方法 |
CN115003848A (zh) * | 2020-01-24 | 2022-09-02 | 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 | 具有含锰防腐蚀覆层的钢部件 |
CN115003848B (zh) * | 2020-01-24 | 2024-05-10 | 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 | 具有含锰防腐蚀覆层的钢部件 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019108459B4 (de) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-02-18 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahlbandes mit verbesserter Haftung metallischer Schmelztauchüberzüge |
DE102019108457B4 (de) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-02-04 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahlbandes mit verbesserter Haftung metallischer Schmelztauchüberzüge |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01129962A (ja) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-05-23 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 自動車用表面処理鋼板 |
US5002837A (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1991-03-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Zn-Mg alloy vapor deposition plated metals of high corrosion resistance, as well as method of producing them |
CN202176878U (zh) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-03-28 | 新兴铸管股份有限公司 | 一种具有防水保护层的球墨铸铁管 |
DE102012110972B3 (de) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-03-06 | Muhr Und Bender Kg | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Erzeugnisses aus flexibel gewalztem Bandmaterial und Erzeugnis aus flexibel gewalztem Bandmaterial |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5815554B2 (ja) * | 1980-03-24 | 1983-03-26 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | カチオン電着塗装用のメッキ鋼材 |
JPS57114692A (en) * | 1981-01-07 | 1982-07-16 | Nippon Steel Corp | Manufacture of alloyed zinc plated steel plate |
JP2525165B2 (ja) * | 1987-01-09 | 1996-08-14 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | 高強度蒸着亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法 |
JPS6452059A (en) * | 1987-08-20 | 1989-02-28 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Double-ply plated steel sheet having high corrosion resistance and production thereof |
JP2624272B2 (ja) * | 1987-11-26 | 1997-06-25 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | プレス成形性の優れた表面処理鋼板 |
JPH01142076A (ja) * | 1987-11-27 | 1989-06-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 加工性及び耐食性の優れたZn−Fe合金めっき鋼板及びその製造方法 |
JPH0297663A (ja) | 1988-10-03 | 1990-04-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Zn−Mg系蒸着めっき鋼板の製造方法 |
JPH05179424A (ja) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-07-20 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 表裏異種めっき鋼板 |
JPH07268605A (ja) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-10-17 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 合金化Zn−Mg蒸着めっき鋼板の製造方法 |
FR2807447B1 (fr) | 2000-04-07 | 2002-10-11 | Usinor | Procede de realisation d'une piece a tres hautes caracteristiques mecaniques, mise en forme par emboutissage, a partir d'une bande de tole d'acier laminee et notamment laminee a chaud et revetue |
JP2005256042A (ja) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-22 | Jfe Steel Kk | 合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板及びその製造方法 |
JP4695459B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-24 | 2011-06-08 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 塗装後耐食性に優れた亜鉛系めっきが施された熱間プレス鋼材 |
WO2007048883A1 (fr) | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Usinor | Procede de fabrication d'une piece a tres hautes caracteristiques mecaniques a partir d'une tole laminee et revetue |
EP2703511B1 (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2018-05-30 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel sheet for hot stamping members and method for producing same |
-
2014
- 2014-05-12 EP EP14167941.5A patent/EP2944710B1/de active Active
-
2015
- 2015-05-04 US US15/308,816 patent/US10704112B2/en active Active
- 2015-05-04 CN CN201580027027.2A patent/CN106795634B/zh active Active
- 2015-05-04 MX MX2016014783A patent/MX2016014783A/es unknown
- 2015-05-04 JP JP2016567645A patent/JP6594343B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-05-04 KR KR1020167034271A patent/KR20170005838A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-05-04 WO PCT/EP2015/059703 patent/WO2015173048A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01129962A (ja) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-05-23 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 自動車用表面処理鋼板 |
US5002837A (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1991-03-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Zn-Mg alloy vapor deposition plated metals of high corrosion resistance, as well as method of producing them |
CN202176878U (zh) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-03-28 | 新兴铸管股份有限公司 | 一种具有防水保护层的球墨铸铁管 |
DE102012110972B3 (de) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-03-06 | Muhr Und Bender Kg | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Erzeugnisses aus flexibel gewalztem Bandmaterial und Erzeugnis aus flexibel gewalztem Bandmaterial |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
向爽: "《最新新型工程材料生产新技术应用与新产品开发研制及行业技术标准实用大全 9 材料与材料加工成形理论卷》", 30 November 2004, 学苑音像出版社 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111334775A (zh) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-26 | 大众汽车有限公司 | 制造热成型且压硬化的钢板构件用的钢基质及热成型方法 |
CN111334775B (zh) * | 2018-12-18 | 2022-12-23 | 大众汽车有限公司 | 制造热成型且压硬化的钢板构件用的钢基质及热成型方法 |
CN115003848A (zh) * | 2020-01-24 | 2022-09-02 | 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 | 具有含锰防腐蚀覆层的钢部件 |
CN115003848B (zh) * | 2020-01-24 | 2024-05-10 | 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 | 具有含锰防腐蚀覆层的钢部件 |
CN111481739A (zh) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-04 | 东莞立德生物医疗有限公司 | 生物医用可降解镁合金材料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20170145529A1 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
US10704112B2 (en) | 2020-07-07 |
MX2016014783A (es) | 2017-03-23 |
JP6594343B2 (ja) | 2019-10-23 |
EP2944710B1 (de) | 2018-07-04 |
KR20170005838A (ko) | 2017-01-16 |
JP2017524804A (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
CN106795634B (zh) | 2021-04-30 |
WO2015173048A1 (de) | 2015-11-19 |
EP2944710A1 (de) | 2015-11-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6390713B2 (ja) | 溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板 | |
JP6640090B2 (ja) | 防食コーティングを具えた鋼部品およびその製造方法 | |
KR101950618B1 (ko) | 용융 아연 도금 강판 | |
KR102345533B1 (ko) | 용융 아연 도금 강판 | |
CN103384726B (zh) | 生产硬化的结构部件的方法 | |
KR101259258B1 (ko) | 급속 가열 핫프레스용 알루미늄 도금 강판, 그 제조 방법 및 이것을 사용한 급속 가열 핫프레스 방법 | |
KR102331003B1 (ko) | 용융 아연 도금 강판 | |
KR102344787B1 (ko) | 용융 아연 도금 강판 | |
JP6365681B2 (ja) | 溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板 | |
WO2015098653A1 (ja) | 自動車部品及び自動車部品の製造方法 | |
EP2997173B1 (en) | Method of production of zinc-coated steel for press hardening application | |
CN106795634A (zh) | 制造设置有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法和钢构件 | |
JPWO2008153183A1 (ja) | 成形品の製造方法 | |
US10227673B2 (en) | Method for forming a steel sheet part | |
CN107614733A (zh) | 耐剥离性优异的hpf成型部件及其制造方法 | |
CA2945560C (en) | Method for producing a steel component which is shaped by hot-forming a steel sheet which has a metal coating | |
CN106661707B (zh) | 经表面处理的钢板及其制造方法 | |
CN107690483A (zh) | 由镀锌钢制成的变形‑硬化部件,其生产方法以及生产适用于部件变形‑硬化的钢带的方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |