CN106794607A - 用于制造复合构件的方法及其应用 - Google Patents

用于制造复合构件的方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN106794607A
CN106794607A CN201580047239.7A CN201580047239A CN106794607A CN 106794607 A CN106794607 A CN 106794607A CN 201580047239 A CN201580047239 A CN 201580047239A CN 106794607 A CN106794607 A CN 106794607A
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mould
outer shell
composite component
formed body
heat insulation
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A·厄施格尔
J·克雷斯
C·丹鲍伊
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Brugg Rohr AG Holding
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Brugg Rohr AG Holding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/1228—Joining preformed parts by the expanding material
    • B29C44/1242—Joining preformed parts by the expanding material the preformed parts being concentric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/1228—Joining preformed parts by the expanding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/10—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/12—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/12—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C39/123—Making multilayered articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C39/36—Removing moulded articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/08—Coating a former, core or other substrate by spraying or fluidisation, e.g. spraying powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/22—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/04—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
    • B29C44/06—Making multilayered articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/1214—Anchoring by foaming into a preformed part, e.g. by penetrating through holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/1266—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being completely encapsulated, e.g. for packaging purposes or as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/1295—Foaming around pipe joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/14—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/32—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/16—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like
    • F16L59/18—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like adapted for joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2623/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2623/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2623/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2675/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
    • B29K2995/0015—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
    • B29L2023/225—Insulated

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

用于制造具有带有从外面可供使用的开口(3)的、处于内部的成型件(1)的复合构件(1)，将所述成型件引入到模具中，在其模壁上施加外壳层(11)。利用热绝缘的塑料泡沫(12)填充在成型件(2)与外壳层(11)之间的空腔，所述塑料泡沫在该模具中发泡并且连接模具部件与外壳层。在脱模之后提供具有质量良好的、由外壳层构成的表面的复合构件。这样的复合构件优选用于连接热绝缘管道。

Description

用于制造复合构件的方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造复合构件的方法，所述复合构件具有至少一个带有开口的内部空心成型体，所述开口在该复合构件中是可供使用的。此外，本发明涉及一种按照该方法制造的复合构件的应用。
背景技术
使用套管以用于连接热绝缘管，所述热绝缘管例如用于输送冷却介质、例如水。所述套管由介质穿流的内部件构成，通常是聚乙烯(PE)制成的空心体。该空心体除了在其用于介质的开口上之外，在外部完全由通常是聚氨酯(PU)的热绝缘材料包围。该套管因此热绝缘地避免了环境空气使冷却介质升温。在套管的表面上不允许形成冷凝水，并且此外该表面在机械上必须是耐抗的，以便增大安装时的负荷，因此经常使用位于热绝缘体上的由聚乙烯制成的外壳。该套筒可以具有各种各样的形状。因此存在直线连接件，但也需要弯曲的形状或T形件。在许多情况中，所述套管还具有附加的通道，所述通道向外引导并且必须在上侧上保持敞开。所述通道用作缆线的接触位置，在安装时连接这些接触位置并且因此能够实现将套管端部与管端部电焊接。
制造这样的复合构件可以通过如下方式进行：将内部件引导到聚乙烯外壳中并且在中心定心之后利用合适的材料包覆发泡。在此问题是，因为不能在预制的聚乙烯外壳内部进行定位，因此不能加工弯曲的或有分支的内部件。因而，该方法仅可普遍用于笔直的部件，所述笔直的部件不具有用于电焊接的接触位置。另一个缺点是必需提供聚乙烯外壳的必要性。这些部件必须复杂地注塑成型。此外，聚乙烯外壳的壁厚相对较大，这意味着较高的材料费用。
在DE 10153855 A1中描述了一种方法，在该方法中，在铸模表面在该位置上设置装饰性漆之后，成型件仅部分地在定义的位置上利用泡沫从后面注塑，所述装饰性漆随后形成成品构件的表面。该表面的功能主要是装饰性的，并未提及特别的机械稳定性。所使用的泡沫不具有热绝缘的功能。
代替喷射到铸模中的漆，也可以嵌入成型表层，该成型表层然后形成成品构件的表面。这例如在DE 102007061643 A1中描述。该方法的缺点是在单独的工作步骤中制造成型表层的必要性。此外，使用单组分聚氨酯系统，其必须进行调温以便时效硬化。
EP 1190828 A1说明一种类似的方法，但是区别在于该铸模由多个部件组成，这借助侧凹部简化了较复杂的复合构件的脱模。
在US 5223193 A中要求保护一种方法，在该方法中将起反应的异氰酸盐/多元醇混合物施加到铸模的表面上。接下来旋转模具，以便在表面上产生均匀的分布，并且在此之后利用第二聚氨酯系统进行发泡。在该方法中没有处于内部的部件被包覆发泡。
在US 5580501 A中描述第一层如何以基于聚氨酯的粉状漆的形式施加到铸模中。在该方法中也需要调温以便使粉状漆熔化并进行反应。未设置被包覆发泡的处于内部的部件。
在US 2005244628 A中描述如何可以制造较软的物体，其方式为：同样首先将涂层施加到铸模中并且随后利用其它聚合物施加第二涂层。在此没有使用硬质泡沫。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供一种有效的制造复合构件的方法，所述复合构件由预制的塑料成型件以及包围该成型件的热绝缘层制成，在成品复合构件中通过所述成型件引入已调温的液体介质，并且该热绝缘层具有位于其上的抗机械负荷的耐抗表面层。该表面层应形成一个封闭的、产生高品质印象的复合构件表面。
所提出的任务是通过权利要求1的特征来解决的。
所要求保护的方法的优点是多种多样的。在较少的方法步骤中制造复杂的塑料复合构件，所述复合构件利用替代的方法很难或根本无法制造。由于较少的方法步骤，确保了较高的通过能力以及因此良好的生产率。此外，取消用于聚乙烯外壳的生产步骤，该生产步骤不再需要。因为外壳层分别仅以如下厚度施加，该厚度事实上仅需要用于最终应用，所以这也实现了显著的材料节省。优选0.1mm至3mm的厚度明显小于通常使用的聚乙烯外壳的3mm至6mm的厚度。复合构件的表面的特性可以通过选择在模具中施加的外壳层的材料来确定，同样可以确定在外壳层与热绝缘泡沫之间的连接。因此，通过逐步的过程，该复合体的最终特性可以有针对性地适用于个别情况。因此，例如通过选择外壳层可以改变表面的硬度。因而，该复合体的每个部件承担一个完全特定的功能，处于内部的部件用于输送已调温的介质，绝缘泡沫关于热隔离具有良好的特性并且是相对坚硬的，以便提供良好的整体稳定性，外表层表现出弹性特性并且对刮痕或其它机械影响不敏感。
如已提到的，施加优选具有在0.1mm至3mm的范围中的厚度的外壳层。该厚度可以根据复合构件的使用来选择，因此该复合构件满足在相应使用中的要求。该厚度尤其可以选择小于3mm。尤其是在模具部件中通过喷射塑料来施加外壳层，这允许以所希望的厚度快速且有针对性地施加。优选形成基于聚氨酯的外壳层。这实现在外壳层与热绝缘体之间的期望的连接，所述热绝缘体优选为聚氨酯泡沫。外壳层在施加过程中可以在模具中单层地或多层地施加。
优选在闭合模具之前将至少一种塑料泡沫组分引入到模具中，使得在成型件在该模具部件中定位之后，例如将用于形成聚氨酯泡沫的两种组分注入到打开的下模具部件中。然后放置上模具部件，并且固定所述两个模具部件。形成泡沫并且将所述泡沫与外壳层以及成型体进行连接。替代地，首先将模具闭合并且通过至少一个为此设置在模具中的开口引入形成泡沫的物质。
优选所述至少一个外壳层这样形成，或这样选择用于该外壳层的塑料材料，使得作为复合构件表面的外壳层具有至少40邵氏D的硬度。进一步可能的是，如果希望实现复合构件的特定的表面特性，可以将另外的外壳层或必要时多个外壳层施加到已脱模的复合构件上。根据EN12667标准在50℃测量时，热绝缘塑料泡沫优选具有小于0.040W/m*K的热导率，以及根据ISO844标准尤其是具有至少100kPa的抗压强度。
优选地，所述热绝缘塑料泡沫由异氰酸盐/多元醇混合物形成，该混合物构成用于在室温时发生化学反应。当足够继续进行硬化时，优选进行模具开模以及复合体脱模，对此尤其是可以理解为：在模具中热绝缘塑料泡沫的组分转化已完成至少80％至95％。进一步优选地，所述模具部件的接触面是窄的，使得所述模具部件仅在0.5毫米至1毫米的宽度上接触。这得到了外壳层在所述接触面的区域中的质量，其可以使得在脱模后进行去毛刺变得不必要。
包覆发泡的成型体可以具有任意的形状，也可以成功地对弯曲的部件或T形件进行加工。也毫无问题地可行的是，使用在任意位置上具有接片、通道或其它附加物的成型体。
按照该方法制造的复合构件的优选的应用是作为用于连接热绝缘管的套筒，所述管具有内管、包围内管的热绝缘体以及外壳。以本身已知的方式进行使用，其方式为：将管的在连接区域中暴露的内管引入到复合构件或套筒的开口中并且在那里以合适的方式固定。
附图说明
本发明的其它构型、优点和应用由从属权利要求以及由借助附图的后续说明得出。在附图中：
图1示出模具的其中一个模具部件的俯视图；
图2示出闭合的模具的端视图；以及
图3示出复合构件的端视图。
具体实施方式
借助图1至图3说明作为本发明示例的实施方式。在此，为了简化附图该成型体选择为没有分支的圆柱形成型体。如已提到的，按照本发明的方法但是允许制造具有复杂形状的内成型件的复合构件。
图1示出两件式的模具6的第一模具部件7的俯视图。两个模具部件7和8在图2中在闭合的状态可见。在图1中示出模具部件7的俯视图，其模壁9在该示例中具有半圆柱体的形状。连同上部的或第二模具部件得到一个圆柱体的形状，使得如在图3的复合构件1的端视图中可见那样，脱模的复合构件在外部是圆柱形的。在图1中另外剖切地示出该模具的封闭部件4和5。在该示例中，所述封闭部件4和5同时用于定位成型体2，该成型体在图1中仅用虚线示出。此外，所述封闭部件4和5在该过程期间或在包覆发泡期间也承担关闭该成型体2的端侧开口3的功能。为此目的，所述封闭部件4和5具有塞子4’或5’，所述塞子4’或5’这样确定尺寸，使得塞子4’或5’通过成型体2的开口3伸入该成型体的内部并且贴靠在该成型体的内壁上，使得所述塞子泡沫密封地封闭开口3。当该成型体2具有带有更多开口的复杂形状时，则可以设置相应单独的器件或塞子用于关闭所述开口。同样，可以设置与模具的关闭单独作用的其它器件用于使成型体2在模具中定位。该模具也可以由多于两个模具部件构成。封闭部件4和5可以以任意已知的方式固定在模具部件上。在图1中，在封闭部件5中示出，该封闭部件能够利用凸缘5”固定在模具部件上，该凸缘嵌接到模具部件中相应的槽中。
在成型体2和封闭部件4、5定位之前将外壳层11施加到模具部件的模壁9上，其中，这尤其是在整个模壁上进行，使得该模壁完全由外壳层11遮盖。为了更好地描述，在图2和图3中部分地用粗线绘制地突显出该外壳层，其中，该外壳层11在图2中在封闭部件5后面位于该模具的内部并且实际上是不可见的。外壳层优选通过喷涂被施加到每个模具部件7和8的内壁9上。另外，外壳层优选是基于聚氨酯的塑料。已施加的外壳层的厚度与成品复合构件的应用以及用于构成外壳层所使用的塑料的特性轮廓有关。厚度优选为0.1mm至3mm。已施加的层应该与接下来使用的泡沫在化学上尽可能是相容的。原因是由此可以在两种组分之间存在良好的附着。因为优选对于热绝缘的塑料泡沫使用基于聚氨酯的硬质泡沫材料，所以聚氨酯系统对于外壳层也是有利的。对于成品复合构件的应用来说，表面的机械负荷能力是决定性的标准。外壳层的硬度必须具有优选为40邵氏D的最低值。克服其它环境影响(如化学试剂或紫外线辐射)的稳定性可以同样适用。
外壳层可以在施加到模壁9上之后在预先规定的时间上变干或可以等待外壳层的反应时间。在将外壳层11施加到模壁9上之前必要时可以将分离层施加到模壁9上，该分离层使之后的脱模变得容易。
在将外壳层施加到模具部件7、8的模壁9上之后，将成型体2在模具部件7中定位。这可以按所述的方式利用封闭部件4和5或利用其它器件实现。如果使用其它器件进行定位，则开口的封闭利用同样其它器件、尤其是单独的塞子实现。成型体2优选定位在模具6中央，使得在成品复合构件中绝缘泡沫层的厚度是均匀的。随后，将形成泡沫的材料引入到模具中。这在打开的模具中可以通过注入到下模具部件中实现，上模具部件放置在该下模具部件上并且使两个模具部件固定，以便在泡沫形成以及硬化期间形成闭合的模具。
所述模具优选这样设计，使得两个模具部件7和8的相应的接触面7’或8’分别具有在0.5毫米至1毫米范围中的宽度B，如这在图1中对于接触面7’示出的那样，使得两个模具部件仅沿相应窄的接触面接触。已被证明的是：该构型对于在相接触的模具部件的区域中的复合体表面特性是有利的，或者说由此实际上在复合体上在模具部件彼此贴靠的部位上不产生毛刺。
形成热绝缘塑料泡沫的发泡材料优选是双组分系统，由异氰酸酯组分以及多元醇组分构成，该系统在填入到模具中之后立即反应，并且形成随后包围(除其保持敞开的开口之外)处于内部的成型体的泡沫。为了使该泡沫具有足够的绝缘特性，该泡沫优选是闭孔的并且在50℃测量时根据EN12667具有小于0.040W/m*K的热导率。
塑料泡沫在发泡时与外壳层以及尤其时优选也与成型体连接。如之前说明的，为此对于外壳层和热绝缘泡沫使用相容的物质，并且优选是基于聚氨酯的外壳层和聚氨酯硬质泡沫。在泡沫层足够硬化之后打开模具并且将成品复合构件脱模。“足够硬化”尤其是可以理解为：模具中的热绝缘塑料泡沫的组分的转化已实现至少80％至95％。
可以进行机械再加工、例如去毛刺。此外可能的是，将另外的层施加到外壳层上，以便进一步改变复合构件的表面。
包覆发泡的成型体可以具有任意的形状，也可以成功地对弯曲的部件或T形件进行加工。也毫无问题地可行的是，使用在任意位置上具有接片、通道或其它附加物的成型体。
图3示出按照该方法制造的复合构件的端视图，所述复合构件具有带有开口3或在该示例中带有位于圆柱形成型体2的纵轴线中的开口3的内部的成型件2。该成型体2由热绝缘塑料泡沫12包围。外壳层11位于泡沫体外侧，该外壳层赋予复合构件1的表面所希望的表面特性。这样制造的复合构件1优选是套筒或类似的构件，所述构件设置用于连接隔热的管。这样的管具有引导冷却介质或加热介质的内管、围绕该内管的热绝缘体(尤其是聚氨酯硬质泡沫绝缘体)以及外壳。在使用复合构件1来连接这些管时，在其连接区域中其内管通过外壳以及热绝缘体的脱模以及暴露的内管插入到复合构件1中或套筒中，并且在那里以已知的方式流体密封地固定。
在本申请中描述了本发明的优选实施方式，同时要清楚地指出的是，本发明并不限制于所述实施方式并且也可以以其它方式在后面的权利要求书的范围内实施。

Claims (16)

1.用于制造复合构件(1)的方法，所述复合构件具有至少一个带有开口(3)的内部空心成型体(2)，所述成型体(2)的开口在该复合构件中是可供使用的，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-提供具有至少一个第一模具部件(7)以及一个第二模具部件(8)的可闭合且可打开的模具(6)，所述模具在闭合的状态中利用其内模壁(9)限定成品复合构件(1)的尺寸和轮廓；
-将至少一个由塑料制成的外壳层(11)施加到两个模具部件(7、8)的内模壁(9)上；
-将成型体(2)在模具(6)中定位成，使得成型体在模具闭合的情况下位于模具中并且成型体的开口关闭；
-在闭合的模具中对成型体包覆发泡出热绝缘的塑料泡沫(12)，所述塑料泡沫单组分或多组分地引入到模具中并且在该模具中膨胀并且与外壳层和成型体连接；以及
-打开模具并将复合构件脱模，所述复合构件包括成型体(2)、热绝缘塑料泡沫(12)以及外壳层(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，当在模具中的热绝缘的塑料泡沫的组分的转化已完成至少80％至95％时，将模具打开。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，施加具有在0.1mm至3mm的范围中的厚度的所述外壳层，尤其是通过喷射形成外壳层的塑料来进行所述施加。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，形成基于聚氨酯的所述外壳层。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述外壳层单层地或多层地进行施加。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其特征在于，在闭合模具之前将至少一种塑料泡沫组分引入到模具中。
7.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其特征在于，在闭合模具之后将至少一种塑料泡沫组分引入到模具中。
8.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，两个模具部件(7和8)的共同的接触面(7’或8’)分别具有在0.5毫米至1毫米的范围中的宽度。
9.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个外壳层构造成，使得该外壳层作为复合构件的表面具有至少40邵氏D的硬度值。
10.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，将至少一个另外的外壳层施加到已脱模的复合构件(1)上。
11.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热绝缘的塑料泡沫是闭孔的。
12.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热绝缘的塑料泡沫在50℃测量时根据EN12667标准具有小于0.040W/m*K的热导率。
13.根据权利要求1至12之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热绝缘的塑料泡沫具有根据ISO844标准确定的至少100kPa的抗压强度。
14.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热绝缘的塑料泡沫由异氰酸盐/多元醇混合物构成，该混合物在室温时发生化学反应。
15.按照根据权利要求1至14之一所述的方法制成的复合构件(1)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的复合构件(1)用于连接热绝缘管的应用，所述管具有内管、包围该内管的热绝缘体以及外壳。
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Application publication date: 20170531