CN1067883C - 一种治疗肝硬变的中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种治疗肝硬变的复方软肝胶囊为中草药组合物。该组合物由麸炒白术30克-120克、黄芪15克-60克、冬虫夏草5克-20克、丹参10-30克、当归10克-30克、郁金6克-20克、白芍10克-30克、甘草5克-20克、法半夏6克-15克、大黄5克-15克之比例组成。其优选剂量为:麸炒白术60克-80克、黄芪30克-45克、冬虫夏草10克-15克、丹参20克-25克、当归20克-25克、郁金12克-15克、白芍20克-25克、甘草10克-15克、法半夏12克、大黄10克-12克之比例组成。本发明提供该种治疗肝硬变的复方软肝胶囊及复方软肝胶囊的制备方法。
Description
本发明是治疗肝硬变的中药,为中草药组合物,主要用于治疗肝硬变。
肝硬变是一种常见的由不同病因引起的慢性、进行性、弥漫性肝病[1]。是一种世界性疾病,所有种族,不论国籍、年龄或性别、均可罹患,全世界每年死于肝硬化者达数十万名,在欧美、中国、日本,肝硬化均为主要死亡原因之一,列于脑血管意外、心血管病、癌肿、阻塞性肺病之后[2]。据世界卫生组织统计,临床发病率为1%-4%,男性多于女性[3]。严重地威胁着人类的生命。目前现代医学尚无比较成熟的药物可供临床使用,且有很多难以克服的毒副作用:如青霉铵,不但疗效不肯定,且毒副作用多,如头痛、皮疹、偶见皮下出血、粒细胞或血小板减少;秋水仙碱,目前尚无充分证据推荐长期用于肝硬变的治疗;类固醇激素具有抗炎和抑制脯氨酸羟化酶的作用,可抑制胶原合成,同时也抑制前胶原酶[4]。因此,开发中药治疗本病,非常必要。近年来,国内学者在这方面作了不少有益的探索,也取得了不少成就,但是是中医辩证论治复杂,且分型也不规范,处方疗效反复率低,不便于临床运用。所以,国内外对肝硬变尚无特殊疗法[3]。
现代医学认为肝硬变是由一种或多种病因长期或反复作用而造成的弥漫性肝损害,如肝细胞变性、坏死、再生、纤维组织增生及纤维隔的形成,终至肝小叶结构破坏及假小叶形成。临床上以肝功能损害及门脉高压为主要表现[8]。肝纤维化的病理特征是汇管区大量纤维组织增生,但无假小叶和再生结节形成。在Rap-Papoy tⅠ区带的碎片状坏死形成汇管区-汇管纤维桥架;在Ⅲ区带的融合坏死形成中央静脉一汇管区纤维桥架;点状坏死引起灶性纤维化。纤维组织增生和肝细胞再生结节形成是肝硬化的两个关键病理变化。上述病理变化引起肝内循环障碍。主要由于(1)肝组织结构严重损害,很多血窦和小血管被破坏消失,因而肝内血管床减少;(2)再生的肝细胞结节和增生的纤维组织压迫门静脉和肝静脉的小分支使其扭曲或闭塞,血流不易通过;(3)肝内结构紊乱,肝动脉与门静脉分支之间在肝内出现异常吻合,使压力较高的肝动脉血直接流入门静脉;(4)肝小叶中央的纤维化阻碍血流进入肝静脉。结果导致门静脉高压。肝功能不全的病理基础是:(1)肝细胞变性、坏死;(2)再生的肝细胞功能低下;(3)纤维隔中的血管直接把肝动脉及门静脉血分流出肝,部分静脉血绕过肝脏经侧支循环直接进入体循环,与肝实质接触的血液减少;(4)Disse间隙内基底膜形成,阻碍血液与肝细胞接触[4]。肝硬变属中医学“积聚”、“臌胀”等病的范畴。其病机相当复杂。本发明人认为本病的病因主要是感受湿热毒邪,日久则湿热蕴结,气机阻滞,导致血液、律液运行不畅,酿成瘀血、痰浊。湿热、瘀血、痰浊蕴积于肝,肝气失于疏泄条达。病理由实致虚,形成虚实错杂之证。病变由功能性改变,演变为器质性改变。病程迁延日久,涉及脾、肾二脏。肝气郁结,木不疏土则中州不运,日久则脾气亦虚;脾虚则健运失常。肝脾功能失常,则不能使水谷精微下达于肾。以培育和充养肾中之精而致肾虚。终成本虚标实之证临床上常见肝气郁结、瘀血停着、肝血不足及肝藏血功能失常之证。如胁肋胀痛、隐痛、刺痛、痞闷不舒,性情急躁易怒,两目干涩、爪甲无华及吐血、便血等出血见症,理化检查可见肝脏大小质地改变,门静脉高压,脾脏肿大,肝功能异常;脾失健运、脾不统血证如:消瘦、腹胀、纳呆、乏力、便糖及出血见症,理化检查可见到腹水、消化道溃疡、慢性肠炎、贫血、血小板减少;肾虚之证如腰膝酸痛、头晕耳鸣、面色黧黑或潮红及内分泌失调的一系列疾患,如男性性功能减退,男性女性化;女性闭经、月经减少及无排卵周期发生率增高、不育症、蜘蛛痣、肝掌、皮肤色素沉着等。总之本病属于本虚标实之证。肝脾肾三脏俱虚、功能失常是病变之本,湿热、瘀血、痰浊相互胶结是病之标。肝脾肾亏虚,功能失常,能产生湿热、瘀血、痰浊等病邪,湿热瘀血痰浊又反过来损伤三脏。
本发明人基于对病因病机的认识,参考祖国医学有关典籍,如《素问至真要大论》:“积者散之”、“坚者削之”、“《金要、脏腑经络先后病脉证第一》:“见肝之病,当先实脾。”《格致余论》:“……脾土之阴受伤,转输之官失职,胃虽受谷,不能运化,故阴自升阳自降,而成天地不交之痞,于斯时也,清浊相混,隧道壅塞,气化浊淤郁而为热,热留而久,气化成湿, 湿热相生胀满,经日臌胀是也……”,以及当代名医关幼波先生治疗本病的经验:“补养为上,慎用攻伐”。“气胜中州运,无形胜有形”“丸剂缓图其功”等理论,结合本发明人的临证体会,于1987年拟定了扶正祛邪、丸剂缓攻的治疗原则,确立了益气健脾,调补肝肾,燥湿清热,活血化痰的治疗方法,创制了复方软肝胶囊。该复方软肝胶囊由麸炒白术、黄芪、冬虫夏草、丹参、当归、郁金、白芍、甘草、法半夏、大黄等药物组成。方中麸炒白术、黄芪、甘草益气健脾[5];冬虫夏草益肾化痰[5],肾精充足,肝木得养而调补肝肾;丹参、当归、郁金、大黄活血化瘀,消症积,去瘀生新[5];且郁金尚有疏肝理气之功[6];白芍、甘草酸甘化阴,疏脾土之壅遇,柔肝缓急[5],半夏燥湿化痰、散结除痞[5],且白术、甘草、冬虫夏草、郁金均有祛痰之功[5];大黄苦寒,直降下行,清除湿热积滞而推陈致新。现代药理研究,黄芪、甘草及丹参、当归、郁金、大黄等活血化瘀药物能改善肝内循环障碍,增加血流,促进肝纤维的消散、吸收[6]。丹参能使假小叶消失及已形成的肝内纤维消散、吸收,改善肝纤维化,抑制胶原纤维的增生,对慢肝转为肝硬变有阻断作用[6];甘草有抑制肝内赖氨酰氧化铜的作用,影响胶原的形成,防止肝纤维化增生[6];大黄尚有导泻作用。因而能降低门静脉压力。黄芪、甘草及丹参、当归、郁金、大黄改善肝内循环障碍,增加血流,使血液与肝实质密切接触,改善肝脏的血氧供应状况[6];丹参、郁金、大黄、黄芪均有消除肝细胞炎症,消除肝细胞再生结节,促进肝细胞再生作用[6];白术、黄芪、甘草、冬虫夏草、当归、丹参等补益药物,能振奋脏腑机能,调整机体的整体状态,加强肝脏代谢,促使肝细胞功能的恢复;白术、黄芪、冬虫夏草、丹参、郁金能促进肝细胞的蛋白合成,使蛋白量增加,纠正白、球倒置比例,有营养保肝作用[6]。药理实验证实:白术、黄芪降低锌浊、腐浊的作用非常显著[6],丹参有良好的护肝降酶、软缩肝脾作用[6];郁金有明显的降低SGPT活性作用,保护肝细胞[6]当归对急性肝损害有防治作用,能保护肝细胞AT酶,葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶和琥珀脱氢酶的活性对肝细胞、肝线粒体、肝细胞核等损害均有明显的保护作用[6]。因而具有保肝、改善肝功能的作用[6]。黄芪通过其利尿作用,加速湿热毒邪的排出,促进免疫复合物的吸收和消除[6];郁金能清除血中过剩过原,防止免疫复合物的产生,起到减少免疫反应的作用[6];白芍能抑制肠道致病菌及某些病毒抗原,减少肠道抗原对肝脏的刺激,减少非特异性免疫球蛋白的形成[6];大黄能稳定机体内环境[6],其导泻作用使滞留于肠道的病原体及毒物和各种肠源性有毒物质、机体代谢产物排出体外[6]。从而减少了有毒物质及代谢产物对肝脏的损害。白术、黄芪、冬虫夏草、丹参均能增强人体免疫功能。白术有增强单核细胞吞噬功能作用[6];黄芪益气升阳,激发机体内脏功能活动,促进内分泌,增强网状内皮系统的吞噬作用,提高细胞免疫功能,产生大量抗体[6];刺激干扰索系统,增高干扰素滴度[6];大黄有免疫调控作用[6]。因此,具有增强人体免疫功能的作用。本方通过整体调控,尚有调整人体各种代谢的作用。此外临床经验证实,在肝硬变的治疗中,法半夏能提高疗效。总之,本方具有益气健脾、调补肝肾,燥湿清热,活血化痰等功效。综合现代药理研究,具有改善肝内循环障碍,促进肝纤维的消散、吸收;消除肝细胞炎症和肝细胞再生结节;促进肝细胞再生,促使肝细胞功能的恢复;促进血液与肝实质的接触,改善肝脏的血氧供应状况等作用,因此,能降低门静脉压力,促进肝功能恢复。本药尚有减少有毒物质和代谢产物对肝脏的损害;调整人体各种代谢;增强机体免疫功能等作用。由于本药系整体调控与特效药物相结合,扶正祛邪,标本兼顾,切中肝纤维组织增生和肝细胞再生结节形成这两个病理关键,故能逆转本病的发生发展。
本发明之目的是提供一种治疗肝硬变的复方软肝胶囊,另一目的是提供一种复方软肝胶囊的制备方法。
复方软肝胶囊的药物组成:麸炒白术30克-120克、黄芪15克-60克、冬虫夏草5克-20克、丹参10克-30克、当归10克-30克、郁金6克-20克、白芍10克-30克、甘草5克-20克、法半夏6克-15克、大黄5克-15克;优选剂量为:麸炒白术60克-80克、黄芪30克-45克、冬虫夏草10克-15克、丹参20克-25克、当归20克-25克、郁金12克-15克、白芍20克-25克、甘草10克-15克、法半夏12克、大黄10克-12克。
制备方法:复方软肝胶囊中麸炒白术的炮制方法:取原药材、除去杂质,用水润透,切片、干燥;先将铁锅烧热,撤入麦麸(每百公斤白术片用麦麸10公斤待冒烟时投入白术片,不断翻动,炒至白术呈黄褐色取出,筛去麦麸备用[7]。法半夏的炮制方法:取原药材,拣净杂质,筛去灰屑,大小分开,分别用清水浸漂7-10日,每日换水2-3次,起白沫时,每100公斤半夏加白矾2公斤,泡1天后再换水,至口尝无麻辣感为度,取出略晾,另取定量的甘草饮片(每100公斤半夏用甘草16公斤。该甘草与药物组成中的甘草量无关)置铁锅内,加适量水煎煮两次,每次煎煮1个小时,过滤去渣,然后将定量石灰块(每百公斤半夏用石灰块20公斤),投入甘草液中搅拌,略沉淀后,滤去杂质;再将源后的半夏倒入甘草石灰液中浸泡,每日搅拌1-3次,约浸4-5天,颜色变黄,内无白心时捞出,冲洗干净,阴干备用[7]。将黄芪、冬虫夏草、丹参、当归、郁金、白芍、甘草、大黄(均来源于药材公司的纯净生药饮片)与已加工成的麸炒白术、法半夏,按方中比例把药量任意放大,混合后,放入烘箱内,徐徐蒸发水分,以干燥为度,然后用粉碎机粉碎成极细粉末,过120目筛,装入空胶囊(空胶囊来源于药材公司),每粒装药0.25克,备用。
服用方法:口服,一次4粒,一日三次,温开水送服。三个月为一疗程。
本发明复方软肝胶囊之优点:(1)从整体调控出发,扶正祛邪,标本兼顾,具有益气健脾、调补肝肾、燥湿清热、活血化痰之功效。(2)针对病因治疗,改善肝内微循环障碍,促进肝纤维消散、吸收;清除肝细胞炎症和肝细胞再生结节,促进肝细胞再生,加强肝脏代谢,促使肝细胞功能恢复,调整机体代谢,稳定人体内环境,增强人体免疫功能,降低门静脉压力,改善肝功能,逆转肝硬变的发生发展。(3)弥补了现代医学无特效药物的不足,克服了中医辨证繁杂,分型不规范,处方疗效反复率低等缺点,且服用方便,(4)解决了肝硬变病程中肝功能损害,门静脉高压及肝纤维化、免疫功能减退及各种物质代谢紊乱等同题。经本发明人检索近10年的文献,该药尚属首创。
本发明人于1987年根据个人经验,参考古典医籍及当代名医对肝硬变的认识,对本发明人的众多处方进行了反复的科研考证,认识到麸炒白术,黄芪、冬虫夏草、丹参、当归、郁金、白芍、甘草、法半夏、大黄等中草药物组合对肝硬变有独特疗效,本发明人现以实施例的形式加以详述,但不能以此作为对本发明的限制。
例1、麸炒白术30克、黄芪15克、冬虫夏草5克、丹参10克、当归10克、郁金6克、白芍10克、甘草5克、法半夏6克、大黄5克。其中麸炒白术的炮制方法:取原药材、除去杂质,用水润透、切片、干燥;先将铁锅烧热,撒入麦麸(每百公斤白术片,用麦麸10公斤),待冒烟时投入白术片,不断翻动,炒至白术呈黄褐色取出,筛去麦麸备用[7];法半夏的炮制方法:取原药材,拣净杂质、筛去灰屑,大小分开,分别用清水浸漂7-10天,每天换水2-3次,起白沫时,每100公斤半夏加白矾2公斤,炮1天后再换水,至口尝无麻辣感为度,取出略晾;另取定量甘草饮片(每百公斤半夏用甘草16公斤。该甘草与药物组成中的甘草量无关)置铁锅中,加适量水煎煮两次,每次煎煮1小时,过滤去渣,将定量石灰块(每百公斤半夏用石灰块20公斤)投入甘草液中搅拌,略沉淀后,滤去杂质;再将漂好的半夏倒入甘草石灰液中浸泡,每日搅拌1-3次,约浸4-5天,颜色变黄,内无白心时捞出,冲洗干净,阴干备用[7]。将黄芪、冬虫夏草、丹参、当归、郁金、白芍、甘草、大黄(均来源于药材公司的纯净生药饮片)与加工好的麸炒白术、法半夏,按方中比例把药量任意放大,混合后放入烘箱内,徐徐蒸发水分,以干燥为度,然后用粉碎机粉碎成极细粉末,过120目筛,装入空胶囊,(空胶囊来源于药材公司),每粒装药0.25克。口服:一次4粒、温开水送服。三个月为一疗程。共观察42例,均服药治疗2个疗程。其中代偿期肝硬变30例,失代偿期肝硬变12例。结果:有效(主要症状及腹水消失,肝功能改善,门静脉压降低,免疫功能改善)36例,约占86%,无效(主要症状及肝功能无明显改善)6例,约占14%。
例2、麸炒白术60克、黄芪30克、冬虫夏草10克、丹参20克、当归20克、郁金12克、白芍20克、甘草10克、法半夏12克、大黄10克、制备方法同例1,装入胶囊,每粒装药0.25克。口服:一次4粒、一日二次、温开水送服。三个月为一个疗程。共观察50例,均服药治疗两个疗程。其中代偿期硬变38例,失代偿期肝硬变12例。结果:有效(标准同例1)44例,约占88%;无效(标准同例1)6例,约占12%。
例3、麸炒白术80克、黄芪45克、冬虫夏草15克、丹参25克、当归25克、郁金15克、白芍25克、甘草15克、法半夏12克、大黄12克,制备方法同例1,装入胶囊,每粒装药0.25克。口服,一次4粒,一日二次,温开水送服,三个月为一疗程。共观察50例,均服药治疗2个疗程,其中代偿期硬变34例,失代偿期肝硬变16例,结果:有效(标准同例1)45例,约占90%;无效(标准同例1)5例,约占10%。
例4、麸炒白术120克、黄芪60克、冬虫夏草20克、丹参30克、当归30克、郁金20克、白芍30克、甘草20克、法半夏15克、大黄15克。制备方法同例1,装入空胶囊,每粒装药0.25克。口服,一次4粒,一日二次,温开水送服,三个月为一个疗程。共观察101例,均服药治疗二个疗程。其中代偿期肝硬变86例,失代偿期肝硬变15例。结果:有效(标准同例)91例,约占90%;无效(标准同例1)10例,约占10%。
以上实施例,有效病例中90%以上患者服药7天即开始显效,临床症状开始改善,通过243例临床观察,未发现任何毒副作用。
本发明复方软肝胶囊制备过程中的注意事项:
(1)方中每味药均宜选用道地药材,不能有伪劣变质者,每味药的剂量为除去杂质后的纯净中草药饮片剂量。
(2)各药混合后烘干过程中,谨防焙焦。
(3)烘干粉碎过筛后,立即装入空胶囊、宜防受湖、变质。
(4)胶囊包装后放入瓶中,置于阴凉干燥处贮藏。
附:文献索引
[1]《实用内科学》,上海医科大学《实用内科学》编辑委员会编,人民卫生出版社出版,1986年12月第8版,第1402页。
[2]《临床肝胆系病学》,江绍基主编,上海科学技术出版社出版,1992年12月第1版,第276页。
[3]《肝胆疾病治疗学》叶维汢主编,甘肃人民出版社出版,1003年2月第1版,第114页。
[4]《现代内科学》方圻主编,人民军医出版社出版。1995年8月第1版,第1973-1974页。
[5]《中药学》湖南科学技术出版社出版,1985年6月第1版,第268、270、304、246、276、256、277、274、132、84等页。
[6]《中医肝胆病学》王伯祥主编,中国医药科技出版社出版,1993年5月第一版,第84、83、82、85、96、98、79、93、73、270等页。
[7]《中药炮制学》成都中医学院主编,上海科学技术出版社出版,1980年2月第1版,第53页、143页。
[8]《新编内科诊疗手册》,张学庸,张宁仔主编,金盾出版社出版,1991年7月第2版,第414页。
Claims (2)
1、一种治疗肝硬变的中药,其特征在于是由下述重量配比的原料药物制成:麸炒白术30克-120克、黄芪15克-60克、冬虫夏草5克-20克、丹参10克-30克、当归10克-30克、郁金6克-20克、白芍10克-30克、甘草5克-20克、法半夏6克-15克、大黄5克-15克。
2、权利要求1的药物制备方法,其特征在于:(1)麸炒白术:取原药材,除去杂质,用水润透,切片、干燥。先将铁锅烧热,撒入麦麸,待冒烟时投入白术片,不断翻动,炒至黄褐色取出,筛去麦麸备用;(2)制法半夏:取原药材,拣净杂质,筛去灰屑,大小分开;分别用水浸泡7-10日,每日换水2-3次,起白沫时,每100公斤半夏加白矾2公斤,浸泡1天后再换水,至口尝无麻辣感为度,取出略晾;另取定量甘草饮片置铁锅内,加适量水煎煮两次,每次煎煮1个小时,过滤去渣;将定量石灰块投入甘草液中搅拌,略沉淀后滤去杂质。再将漂好的半夏倒入甘草石灰液中浸泡,每日搅拌1-3次,约浸4-5日,颜色变黄,内无白心时捞出,冲洗干净,阴干备用;(3)将炮制好的白术,法半夏与规定比例的黄芪、冬虫夏草、丹参、当归、郁金、白芍、甘草、大黄混合后放入烘箱内,徐徐蒸发水份,以干燥为度;然后用粉碎机粉碎成极细粉末,过120目筛,装入空胶囊,每粒装药0.25克,备用。
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CN1086729A (zh) * | 1993-06-30 | 1994-05-18 | 付军廷 | 软肝缩脾片 |
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新中医23(10) 1991.10.31 吴玉生中药治疗晚期原以性肝癌35例临床观察 * |
江苏中医15(5) 1994.5.31 武霞丹黄健脾保肝汤为主治疗乙肝 * |
江苏中医15(5) 1994.5.31 武霞丹黄健脾保肝汤为主治疗乙肝;新中医23(10) 1991.10.31 吴玉生中药治疗晚期原以性肝癌35例临床观察 * |
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