CN106787866A - The method that photovoltaic system extends maximum power tracing run time - Google Patents
The method that photovoltaic system extends maximum power tracing run time Download PDFInfo
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- CN106787866A CN106787866A CN201611161154.4A CN201611161154A CN106787866A CN 106787866 A CN106787866 A CN 106787866A CN 201611161154 A CN201611161154 A CN 201611161154A CN 106787866 A CN106787866 A CN 106787866A
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
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- H02J3/385—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
Abstract
The method that photovoltaic system extends maximum power tracing run time, photovoltaic panel (1) connects prime DC DC structures (2), prime DC DC structures (2) connects dc bus (4), and dc bus (4) connects rear class DC AC structures (10)；Connect control circuit module between photovoltaic panel (1) and dc bus (4), control circuit module includes soft opening conditioning circuit module (3), dc bus (4), preceding voltage conditioning module (5), controller (6), rear voltage conditioning module (7), panel sampling module (8) and bus sampling module (9)；Can to greatest extent reduce photovoltaic module electric current is made excessive demands in start-up course, overcome because illumination dies down so that operating point changes and caused to the minimum less than prime DC DC structural circuits the defect that inverter is stopped, the success rate of inverter startup is improved to greatest extent, improves the generated energy of photovoltaic system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to IPC classification H02S20/32 (2014.01) I, i.e. photovoltaic system small-power inverter apparatus and certainly
The structure improved technology of dynamic follow-up mechanism, the method that especially photovoltaic system extends maximum power tracing run time.
Background technology
At present, the generated energy of photovoltaic system directly affects the large-scale application of photovoltaic generating system.
The measure for improving generated energy in photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter technical elements mainly includes two aspects, and one is to improve conversion effect
Rate, reduces own loss as far as possible；Two is extension run time, and photovoltaic panel is extended as far as possible can produce the working time of electric energy.
Common small-power photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is divided into two level frameworks, including DC-DC, DC-AC two-stage primary structure.Normal fortune
It is MPPT technique that preceding stage DC-DC structure completes maximum power point tracking during row, is realized under conditions of the external world is continually changing
Self-control, enables photovoltaic panel array under a variety of sunshines and temperature environment, is exported automatically by preceding stage DC-DC structure
Peak power；Rear class realizes stable DC bus, and direct current is converted into exchange feed-in power network or to negative from rear class DC-AC structures
Carry the effect that AC power is provided.In start-up course, because rear class DC-AC structures are not yet connected with power network, dc bus
Energy is merely able to come from photovoltaic panel, so the stabilization of dc bus needs to be realized by preceding stage DC-DC.
In fact, the start-up course of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is divided into three steps：It is bus boosting, self-inspection, grid-connected.Wherein, bus boosting
Needs are provided energy in photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter dc bus by photovoltaic panel, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter after dc bus reaches certain value
The self-inspection stage can be entered, after detection is finished, in the case where ensuring DC bus-bar voltage higher than the precondition of voltage needed for civil power, photovoltaic
Inverter can just enter and net state.
Common startup method is preceding stage DC-DC structure open-loop start-up, pulse-width modulation PWM dutycycle according to certain speed by
Step linear change, so as to realize the purpose that dc bus progressively boosts, after DC bus-bar voltage is raised to requires voltage, PWM is accounted for
Sky makes dc bus remain unchanged, it is ensured that the subsequent action of inverter can be completed sequentially than stopping linear change.
Photovoltaic module power output characteristics has nonlinear characteristic, and output current was delayed before this with the increase of output voltage
It is slow to decline, can drastically decline after Umppt points are reached.And, this output characteristics can be with temperature, the change of illumination condition
Change.When inverter startup, photovoltaic module electric current can increase, and corresponding output voltage can reduce, in addition temperature and illumination
The change of condition, easily causes inverter startup to fail, repeat switch machine.Cause photovoltaic module can generated energy loss, although
Power is smaller, but as the scale of solar power generation constantly expands, economic benefit loss herein can be increasing.
Corresponding patent publication us are less.
Chinese patent application 201510014423.3 discloses a kind of photovoltaic tracking controller and its control method, the wind speed
Sensor is connected with controller, position of sun and irradiation intensity sensor be arranged on photovoltaic cell board mount and with controller phase
Even, motor drive current sensor is connected with controller, and angle of photovoltaic cell panel sensor is arranged on photovoltaic cell board mount
And be connected with controller, two tracing movement limit position sensors are separately mounted to follow the trail of two extreme positions of transmission mechanism simultaneously
It is connected with controller, motor driver is connected with controller and motor respectively, motor is passed with motor driver and tracking respectively
Motivation structure is connected, and follows the trail of transmission mechanism two ends and connects motor and photovoltaic cell board mount respectively, and the controller is by communicating mould
Block is connected with monitoring system.The present invention improves the angle precision that photovoltaic battery panel follows the trail of the sun, improves under mal-condition
Security, improves reliability and stability, and then improve the generated energy of photovoltaic battery panel.
Chinese patent application 201610418347.7 is related to maximum power tracing field, and in particular to a kind of quick photovoltaic group
Part maximum power tracing system and its method for tracing, including voltage sensor, current sensor, switching device, also include：Recursion
Average filter module, lock-in amplifier, divider, integral controller, the voltage sensor connects recurrence average filtering respectively
Module and lock-in amplifier, the recurrence average filtration module and lock-in amplifier connect divider respectively, and the divider connects
Connect integral controller, the integral controller connecting valve device.The present invention provides a kind of quick photovoltaic module peak power and chases after
Track system and method for tracing, photovoltaic module maximum power point tracking control can be well realized when external environmental condition changes
System, can effectively suppress the vibration of the power output near maximum power point, follow the trail of speed soon and be easily achieved, and improve photovoltaic
The generating efficiency of component.
Chinese patent application 201310343212.5 provides a kind of maximum power point tracking device of photovoltaic module, and this is most
High-power point tracking device is used to detect the power output of a photovoltaic module, and the power that a load blocks are consumed is adjusted
Section, makes the photovoltaic module be operated on maximum power point, and the maximum power point tracking device includes that a photovoltaic detecting unit, one deposit
Storage unit, a judging unit and a control unit, the load blocks include a temperature control unit and a closed container.
The maximum power point tracking device is described to increase by the temperature in the temperature control unit reduction closed container
The power of load blocks, makes photovoltaic module be operated on maximum power point, while the portion of energy that photovoltaic module is provided is with cold
The form of gas is stored in closed container.Present invention also offers a kind of photovoltaic module maximum power point tracking method.
It is open loop method that conventional photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter starts method, be it is a kind of by PWM duty cycle according to certain speed progressively line
Property change, so as to realize that dc bus progressively boosts purpose method.After DC bus-bar voltage is raised to requires voltage, PWM duties
Than stopping linear change, dc bus is set to remain unchanged.To the power generation needs meeting of photovoltaic panel in whole bus boost process
Rise with the change of dutycycle, the method cannot respond to due to the unstable situation of power that illumination condition change is caused, pole
Easily there are startup failure scenarios repeatedly, the generated energy of photovoltaic module is wasted in the process.
As shown in Figure 1, when early morning, the sun just rose, illumination is weaker, and MPPT curves are gentle and unstable, when PV is opened
When road voltage reaches photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter startup voltage A, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter can be automatically into starting step, with preceding stage DC-DC knot
Structure PWM starts working, and electric current can gradually increase with the change of PWM duty cycle, and the operating point of photovoltaic module can go to B from A
Point.But if now illumination dies down, MPP curves change, and C points are gone in operating point by B points, less than preceding stage DC-DC structure electricity
The minimum D on road.Now preceding stage DC-DC structural circuit can be stopped because input voltage is too low.Also, start
During photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter not yet electrically connected with city, power needed for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter can only be provided by DC terminal photovoltaic module, this
Sample results in startup failure, and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter cannot be introduced into normal power generation state.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the method that photovoltaic system extends maximum power tracing run time, overcome due to illumination
Die down so that operating point changes and causes inverter to be stopped to the minimum less than preceding stage DC-DC structural circuit
Defect.
The purpose of the present invention will be realized by following technical measures：Needs sets target is to reduce start-up course as far as possible when
Photovoltaic module electric current is provided, and real-time adjustment can be made according to photovoltaic module voltage and busbar voltage, in start-up course
Be to electric current needed for photovoltaic module Iref setting it is smaller, start-up course is influenceed smaller by illumination variation；Photovoltaic panel connects
Connect preceding stage DC-DC structure, preceding stage DC-DC structure connection dc bus, dc bus connection rear class DC-AC structures；In light underlying surface
Connect control circuit module between plate and dc bus, control circuit module include it is soft open conditioning circuit module, dc bus,
Preceding voltage conditioning module, controller, rear voltage conditioning module, panel sampling module and bus sampling module；Controller is by soft
Conditioning circuit module connection preceding stage DC-DC structure is opened, meanwhile, controller is by preceding voltage conditioning module and rear voltage conditioning module
Side before and after preceding stage DC-DC structure is connected to, and, controller connects photovoltaic panel, controller by panel sampling module
Dc bus is connected by bus sampling module.Preceding stage DC-DC structural circuit breaker in middle pipe PWM duty cycle and dc-link capacitance
CBUS, current photovoltaic panel component output current IPV, current photovoltaic panel component voltage UPVIt is relevant with time t is started；Work as setting
IPVIt is starting current reference value IrefAfterwards, dutycycle only with current photovoltaic panel component voltage UPVIn inverse relationship, with startup
Time t is in positive relationship；If illumination condition stabilization, with the gradually increase for starting time t, Duty values can gradually increase, until
UBUSReach target voltage Uref；If there is illumination condition variation, UPVCan be reduced due to the change of curve, due toRelation U'PVCan decrease, then next bat Duty can be according to formula
Adjust, and then ensure UBUSThe stationarity of voltage uphill process.
Especially, control is soft opens conditioning circuit module (3), and its addition can reduce in start-up course to greatest extent
To the demand of photovoltaic panel component electric current, as long as operating point reaches B ' points and can maintain the normal rising of dc bus, even if light
Died down according to condition so that operating point changes to C ' points, but C ' point voltages are higher than D, so will not be because of operating voltage less than preceding
Level DC-DC structural circuits minimum and cause inverter to be stopped, inverter startup is improve to greatest extent
Success rate, can make photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter as early as possible enter generating state.
Especially, the information of current photovoltaic panel voltage and DC bus-bar voltage is obtained by sample circuit, control is input to
In device processed, its duty ratio corresponding of PWM1 is generated according to the current component voltage of photovoltaic panel 1 and target DC bus-bar voltage Uref
Be Duty1, by this target duty ratio and photovoltaic panel component voltage real time information be input to it is soft open conditioning circuit module, with reference to
The starting current Iref of setting is generated in new PWM parameter duty ratio corresponding Duty, and then control preceding stage DC-DC structural circuit
Switching tube action change.By setting the reduction of starting current Iref, realize rising to desired value in DC bus-bar voltage stabilization
During Uref, the maximized demand reduced to input current.
Advantages of the present invention and effect：Can reduce to greatest extent in start-up course to the severe of photovoltaic module electric current
Ask, overcome because illumination dies down so that operating point changes and made to the minimum less than preceding stage DC-DC structural circuit
Into the defect that inverter is stopped, the success rate of inverter startup is improved to greatest extent, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is entered as early as possible
Generating state, improves the generated energy of photovoltaic system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is operating point even below minimum relation curve schematic diagram when illumination dies down in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is that illumination remains above minimum schematic diagram in operating point when dying down in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Reference includes：
Photovoltaic panel 1, preceding stage DC-DC structure 2, it is soft open conditioning circuit module 3, dc bus 4, preceding voltage conditioning module 5,
Controller 6, rear voltage conditioning module 7, panel sampling module 8, bus sampling module 9, rear class DC-AC structures 10.
Specific embodiment
The principle of the invention is, by the analysis to traditional start-up course, it can be found that to photovoltaic module in start-up course
Required electric current is smaller, then start-up course is subject to external influence smaller, so improving the startup calculation that photovoltaic system structure is embodied
The sets target of method provides electric current for the photovoltaic module needed when reducing start-up course as far as possible, and can be according to photovoltaic module electricity
Pressure and busbar voltage make real-time adjustment.
The present invention includes：Photovoltaic panel 1, preceding stage DC-DC structure 2, soft open conditioning circuit module 3, dc bus 4, preceding electricity
Pressure conditioning module 5, controller 6, rear voltage conditioning module 7, panel sampling module 8, bus sampling module 9 and rear class DC-AC knots
Structure 10.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1：As shown in Figure 1, the connection preceding stage DC-DC of photovoltaic panel 1 structure 2, preceding stage DC-DC structure 2 is connected directly
Stream bus 4, the connection rear class DC-AC of dc bus 4 structures 10；Connect connection control circuit mould between photovoltaic panel 1 and dc bus 4
Block, control circuit module includes soft opening conditioning circuit module 3, dc bus 4, preceding voltage conditioning module 5, controller 6, rear electricity
Pressure conditioning module 7, panel sampling module 8 and bus sampling module 9；Controller 6 connects prime by the soft conditioning circuit module 3 that opens
DC-DC structures 2, meanwhile, controller 6 is connected to prime DC- by preceding voltage conditioning module 5 and rear voltage conditioning module 7
Side before and after DC structures 2, and, controller 6 connects photovoltaic panel 1 by panel sampling module 8, and controller 6 is sampled by bus
Module 9 connects dc bus 4.
In the present embodiment, rear class DC-AC structures 10 are connected into power network.
In the present embodiment, the soft principle for opening conditioning circuit module 3 is as follows：
The current voltage for setting dc bus 4 is UBUS, the climbing target voltage of dc bus 4 is Uref, 1 group of photovoltaic panel
The current voltage of part is UPV.Then the characteristic according to preceding stage DC-DC structure 2 can obtain switching tube PWM duty cycle and dc bus 4
Relation between voltage and the component voltage of photovoltaic panel 1 is：
In start-up course, the energy in the electric capacity of dc bus 4 is kept all from the component of photovoltaic panel 1 according to energy
Constant rule can obtain below equation：
QBUS=Pt, t have used the time for start-up course.
WhereinPt=UPVIPVT, then：CBUSIt is the electricity of dc bus 4
Capacitance.
Derive：
Then can obtain：
By above formula as can be seen that the circuit breaker in middle pipe PWM duty cycle of preceding stage DC-DC structure 2 and the electric capacity of dc bus 4
CBUS, the component output current I of current photovoltaic panel 1PV, the component voltage U of current photovoltaic panel 1PVIt is relevant with time t is started.When setting
Determine IPVIt is starting current reference value IrefAfterwards, dutycycle only with the component voltage U of current photovoltaic panel 1PVIn inverse relationship, and open
Dynamic time t is in positive relationship.If illumination condition stabilization, with the gradually increase for starting time t, Duty values can gradually increase, directly
To UBUSReach target voltage Uref；If there is illumination condition variation, UPVCan be reduced due to the change of curve, due toRelation U'PVCan decrease, then next bat Duty can be according to formula
Adjust, and then ensure UBUSThe stationarity of voltage uphill process.
Analyzed more than it is recognised that the setting of Iref is smaller, start-up course is influenceed smaller by illumination variation.So as to
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is entered generating state as early as possible, improve the generated energy of photovoltaic system.
It is of the invention focus on control it is soft open conditioning circuit module 3, its addition can reduce to greatest extent is opening
To the demand of the component electric current of photovoltaic panel 1 during dynamic, if operating point reach B ' points can maintain dc bus 4 it is normal on
Rise, even if illumination condition dies down so that operating point changes to C ' points, but C ' point voltages are higher than D, so will not be because of work electricity
Pressure causes inverter to be stopped less than the minimum of the circuit of preceding stage DC-DC structure 2, improves to greatest extent inverse
Become the success rate that device starts, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter can be made to enter generating state as early as possible.
The present invention operationally, the letter of the voltage of current photovoltaic panel 1 and the voltage of dc bus 4 is obtained by sample circuit
Breath, is input in controller 6, and PWM1 is generated according to the current voltage Uref of the component voltage of photovoltaic panel 1 and target dc bus 4
Its duty ratio corresponding is Duty1, and this target duty ratio and the component voltage real time information of photovoltaic panel 1 are input into soft opening nurses one's health electricity
In road module 3, new PWM parameter duty ratio corresponding Duty are generated with reference to the starting current Iref of setting, and then control prime DC-
Switching tube action change in the circuit of DC structures 2.By setting the reduction of starting current Iref, realize in the voltage of dc bus 4
During stabilization rises to desired value Uref, the maximized demand reduced to input current.
Claims (3)
1. the method that photovoltaic system extends maximum power tracing run time, it is characterised in that sets target is that reduction as far as possible is opened
The photovoltaic module needed during dynamic process provides electric current, and can make tune in real time according to photovoltaic module voltage and busbar voltage
It is whole, it is that the setting of Iref is smaller to electric current needed for photovoltaic module in start-up course, start-up course is influenceed to get over by illumination variation
It is small；Photovoltaic panel (1) connects preceding stage DC-DC structure (2), and preceding stage DC-DC structure (2) connects dc bus (4), dc bus
(4) connection rear class DC-AC structures (10)；Control circuit module is connected between photovoltaic panel (1) and dc bus (4), is controlled
Circuit module include it is soft open conditioning circuit module (3), dc bus (4), preceding voltage conditioning module (5), controller (6), after
Voltage conditioning module (7), panel sampling module (8) and bus sampling module (9)；Controller (6) opens modulate circuit mould by soft
Block (3) connects preceding stage DC-DC structure (2), meanwhile, controller (6) is by preceding voltage conditioning module (5) and rear voltage conditioning module
(7) side before and after preceding stage DC-DC structure (2) is connected to, and, controller (6) connects photovoltaic by panel sampling module (8)
Panel (1), controller (6) connects dc bus (4) by bus sampling module (9)；Opened in preceding stage DC-DC structure (2) circuit
Close pipe PWM duty cycle and dc bus (4) electric capacity CBUS, current photovoltaic panel (1) component output current IPV, current photovoltaic panel
(1) component voltage UPVIt is relevant with time t is started；As setting IPVIt is starting current reference value IrefAfterwards, dutycycle only with currently
Photovoltaic panel (1) component voltage UPVIt is in positive relationship with time t is started in inverse relationship；If illumination condition stabilization, with startup
The gradually increase of time t, Duty values can gradually increase, until UBUSReach target voltage Uref；If there is illumination condition variation, UPV
Can be reduced due to the change of curve, due toRelation U'PVCan decrease, then next bat Duty
Can be according to formulaAdjust, and then ensure UBUSThe stationarity of voltage uphill process.
2. the method that photovoltaic system as claimed in claim 1 extends maximum power tracing run time, it is characterised in that control
Soft to open conditioning circuit module (3), its addition can reduce in start-up course to photovoltaic panel (1) component electricity to greatest extent
The demand of stream, as long as operating point reaches B ' points and can maintain the normal rising of dc bus (4), even if illumination condition dies down, makes
Obtain operating point and change to C ' points, but C ' point voltages are higher than D, so will not be because of operating voltage less than the electricity of preceding stage DC-DC structure 2
The minimum on road and cause inverter to be stopped.
3. the method that photovoltaic system as claimed in claim 1 extends maximum power tracing run time, it is characterised in that pass through
Sample circuit obtains the information of current photovoltaic panel (1) voltage and dc bus (4) voltage, is input in controller (6), foundation
Current photovoltaic panel (1) component voltage and target dc bus (4) voltage Uref generations PWM1 its duty ratio corresponding are
Duty1, by this target duty ratio and photovoltaic panel (1) component voltage real time information be input to it is soft open conditioning circuit module (3),
New PWM parameter duty ratio corresponding Duty are generated with reference to the starting current Iref of setting, and then controls preceding stage DC-DC structure (2)
Switching tube action change in circuit.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109672166A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-04-23 | 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 | Power optimized system and its optimization method |
| CN112072696A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-11 | 爱士惟新能源技术(江苏)有限公司 | Method for calculating direct-current bus voltage under irregular power grid |
| CN115857564A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-03-28 | 扬州市职业大学(扬州开放大学) | Automatic tracking method and system for photovoltaic power generation |
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| CN115857564B (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-08-25 | 扬州市职业大学(扬州开放大学) | Automatic tracking method and system for photovoltaic power generation |
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