CN109038666B - Solar cell panel output power regulating system - Google Patents
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar cell panel output power regulating system, which is characterized in that: including deciding voltage control module, MPPT control module, switching the control unit, busbar voltage dynamic adjustment unit, active current soft start unit and SVPWM unit, wherein: the constant voltage control module determines a target voltage of constant voltage control; the MPPT control module tracks an actual maximum power voltage point; the switching control unit realizes mode switching; the bus voltage dynamic adjusting unit and the active current soft start unit are respectively used for determining voltage and current instructions of the direct current bus of the inverter; and the SVPWM unit is used for realizing the switching control of the power device. The invention has the following remarkable effects: the two control methods are combined, so that the system can quickly track to the actual maximum power point and stably work, the influence of the voltage fluctuation of the power grid on the stability of the system is solved, the defect caused by the application of the MPPT method to incorporate the photovoltaic power supply into the power grid is overcome, and the safety and the stability of the system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a two-stage connectionless protocol resource allocation method with conflict detection.
Background
The photovoltaic power generation is the main utilization form of solar energy, and the independent photovoltaic power generation system can effectively solve the power supply problem in remote areas without electricity and with less electricity and some special occasions. The output of the solar cell panel has strong nonlinearity, the output power difference is large under different illumination, temperature, external loads and working voltages, and certain measures are required to track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic cell.
Under specific environmental conditions such as illumination intensity and temperature, the P-V characteristic curve of the solar panel of the photovoltaic cell is a single-peak curve, which indicates that the photovoltaic cell has one and only one maximum power point under certain environmental conditions.
The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control algorithm may adjust the operating state of the solar cell panel to an optimal state. There are many MPPT algorithms, and the MPPT algorithms most commonly used in photovoltaic power generation systems include a disturbance observation method, a conductance increment method, and a constant voltage tracking method. The disturbance observation method cannot give consideration to both the tracking step length and the tracking precision, the system has poor response capability to external environment changes, and the system vibrates at the maximum power point and causes power loss.
The invention patent with application number 201210048303.1 discloses a maximum power point tracking method and system, which adopts continuous adjustment of maximum fixed step length to perform multiple disturbances, thereby realizing maximum power tracking. The method has the defects that the tracking speed of the multi-disturbance method is limited by the step length and the impact current, the speed is too slow, and the method has defects in practical application.
The invention discloses an invention patent with the application number of 201010170813.7, and relates to a method for improving grid-connected efficiency by dynamically adjusting bus voltage, which is used for adjusting a bus voltage instruction value according to the gear of grid voltage and belongs to step adjustment. However, when the bus voltage continuously fluctuates across a plurality of voltage steps, the photovoltaic power generation system using the method has the situations of transient impact of output current, fluctuation of output power and the like. This indicates that the system is not suitable for use with inverters of a single-stage inversion topology.
The MPPT control method is finally used for tracking the maximum power point by adjusting the bus voltage of the system, and in order to meet basic grid-connected conditions, the bus voltage must be larger than the peak value of the highest power grid voltage. Therefore, the output signal of the MPPT, i.e. the bus voltage command, has to take into account the influence of grid voltage fluctuations, in particular grid voltage rises. Otherwise, the MPPT method cannot track the maximum power point of the solar cell panel, but rather, the grid-connected inverter cannot stably run in a grid-connected manner, and even a grid-off fault occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a solar cell panel output power regulating system which can quickly track to an actual maximum power point and stably work. And because the influence of the voltage fluctuation of the power grid on the stability of the system is well solved, the system is suitable for a single-stage or multi-stage grid-connected photovoltaic inverter.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a solar cell panel output power governing system which the key lies in: including deciding voltage control module, MPPT control module, switching the control unit, busbar voltage dynamic adjustment unit, active current soft start unit and SVPWM unit, wherein:
the input end of the constant voltage control module is provided with a connection interface of a solar panel, and the target voltage of constant voltage control is determined according to the open-circuit voltage of the solar panel;
the input end of the MPPT control module is provided with a connection interface of a solar cell panel, and an MPPT mode is adopted to track an actual maximum power voltage point;
the switching control unit is used for realizing switching of access states of the constant voltage control module and the MPPT control module;
the bus voltage dynamic adjusting unit is used for determining a voltage instruction of the inverter direct-current bus;
the active current soft start unit is used for determining a current instruction of a direct current bus of the inverter;
and the SVPWM unit is used for performing vector conversion according to the active power current instruction and the reactive power current instruction, outputting the SVPWM and realizing the switching control of a power device in the inverter.
In the system, the constant voltage control module is according to Um＝k1·UocTo determine a constant voltage control target voltage, wherein UocIs the open circuit voltage of the solar panel, coefficient k1The value range is 0.6-0.9 depending on the characteristics of the photovoltaic cell. Generally speaking, the characteristic value k of the crystal silicon component10.8, film Assembly characteristic value k1Is 0.72.
Optionally, the bus voltage dynamic adjustment unit collects the fundamental effective value U of the three-phase voltage on the power grid linermsThen according to
Determining a voltage command for an inverter DC bus
Wherein
Is the output voltage, k, of the constant voltage control module or the MPPT control module2Constant, η is the voltage loss of the inverter, including PWM dead-zone voltage loss, reactor core loss, and mainThe circuit voltage is lost.
Optionally, a voltage loop regulator is further arranged in front of the active current soft start unit, and one input end of the voltage loop regulator obtains a voltage instruction of the dc bus of the inverter
The other input end collects the actual value U of the bus voltagepvThe difference between the two is used to obtain the voltage deviation VerrThen PI regulation is carried out to obtain an active power current instruction
The active power current command
And obtaining a current instruction of the direct current bus of the inverter after the active current soft start unit.
Optionally, the fundamental effective value of the three-phase voltage on the power grid line
Wherein U isA,UB,UCThe three-phase voltage effective values of A, B and C on the AC power grid line are respectively.
As one of application scenarios of the system of the present invention, the system may be disposed between a solar panel and a grid-connected power line.
The invention has the following remarkable effects:
by combining the constant voltage control mode with the MPPT control method, the system can quickly track to the actual maximum power point and stably work, and the influence of the voltage fluctuation of the power grid on the stability of the system is well solved. The system provided by the invention also overcomes the defects caused by the fact that the MPPT control method is used for merging the photovoltaic power supply into the power grid, and improves the safety and stability of the system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a solar panel output power regulation system;
FIG. 2 is a graph of theoretical maximum power point and actual maximum power point of a solar panel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of current soft start.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for adjusting output power of a solar cell panel provided by the present invention mainly includes a constant voltage control module, an MPPT control module, a switching control unit, a bus voltage dynamic adjustment unit, an active current soft start unit, and an SVPWM unit, wherein:
the input end of the constant voltage control module is provided with a connection interface of a solar panel, and the target voltage of constant voltage control is determined according to the open-circuit voltage of the solar panel;
the input end of the MPPT control module is provided with a connection interface of a solar cell panel, and an MPPT mode is adopted to track an actual maximum power voltage point;
the switching control unit is used for realizing switching of access states of the constant voltage control module and the MPPT control module;
the bus voltage dynamic adjusting unit is used for determining a voltage instruction of the inverter direct-current bus;
the active current soft start unit is used for determining a current instruction of a direct current bus of the inverter;
and the SVPWM unit is used for performing vector conversion according to the active power current instruction and the reactive power current instruction, outputting the SVPWM and realizing the switching control of a power device in the inverter.
Optionally, the constant voltage control module is according to Um＝k1·UocTo ensureConstant voltage controlling the target voltage, wherein the coefficient k1Depending on the characteristics of the photovoltaic cell, UocIs the open circuit voltage of the solar panel.
Alternatively, the coefficient k1The value range of (A) is 0.6-0.9.
Optionally, the bus voltage dynamic adjustment unit collects the fundamental effective value U of the three-phase voltage on the power grid linermsThen according to
Determining a voltage command for an inverter DC bus
Wherein
Is the output voltage, k, of the constant voltage control module or the MPPT control module2The reference numeral η denotes a PWM dead-zone voltage loss, a reactor core loss, and a main circuit voltage loss of the inverter.
Optionally, a voltage loop regulator is further arranged in front of the active current soft start unit, and one input end of the voltage loop regulator obtains a voltage instruction of the dc bus of the inverter
The other input end collects the actual value U of the bus voltagepvThe difference between the two is used to obtain the voltage deviation VerrThen PI regulation is carried out to obtain an active power current instruction
The active power current command
And obtaining a current instruction of the direct current bus of the inverter after the active current soft start unit.
Optionally, the fundamental effective value of the three-phase voltage on the power grid line
Wherein U isA,UB,UCThe three-phase voltage effective values of A, B and C on the AC power grid line are respectively.
Optionally, the system is arranged between the solar panel and the grid-connected power line.
To more clearly illustrate the operation principle and performance of the system of the present invention, the present embodiment reproduces the steps illustrated in fig. 1, and the reproduction process is specifically performed according to the following steps:
s1: collecting open-circuit voltage U of solar cell panel in standby stateocAnd the working mode defaults to a fixed voltage control mode;
s2: according to the open circuit voltage UocCalculating a constant voltage control target voltage UmI.e. the voltage point U corresponding to the theoretical maximum powermAs shown in fig. 2, the maximum power point voltage U of the photovoltaic panelmOpen circuit voltage U with photovoltaic cellocLinear relationship between them, i.e. Um＝k1×UocCoefficient k1Depending on the characteristics of the photovoltaic cell, the value range (0.6, 0.9) is that the characteristic value of a common crystalline silicon assembly is 0.8, and the characteristic value of a thin film assembly is 0.72;
s3: the inverter starts to enter a constant voltage control mode and starts to be connected to the grid for power generation;
s4: judging the current working mode according to the conditions, and if the current working mode is in the constant voltage mode, regulating the bus voltage of the inverter to the theoretical maximum power voltage point UmIf yes, go to step S5, otherwise go to step S6;
s5: executing constant voltage control, and directly giving a target voltage instruction U by a voltage loop regulator in the starting process of the invertermThe control mode is combined with an S10 current soft start unit to restrain impact current in the grid-connected starting process;
s6: switching the current working mode of the inverter to an MPPT mode;
s7: MPPT mode starts to work, and the actual maximum power voltage point U is trackedMPP；
S8: bus voltage regulating sheetFirst, the following steps: according to the pulse width modulation rule, the voltage amplitude of the DC bus of the inverter needs to be larger than the maximum peak value of the line voltage fundamental wave, namely k2Take 1.414, U in formula 1rmsη in equation 2 is inverter voltage loss including PWM dead zone voltage loss, reactor core and main circuit voltage loss for instantaneously calculated line voltage fundamental effective value,
the output voltage of the constant voltage control mode or the MPPT control mode and the final voltage ring bus voltage instruction value
The value of the line voltage fundamental wave is not lower than the maximum peak value of the line voltage fundamental wave considering the line voltage loss
The control margin of the direct current side of the inverter is improved, and the stability of the photovoltaic power generation system is improved;
s9: the voltage loop regulator makes the difference between the set value of the bus voltage and the actual value of the bus voltage and outputs an active power current instruction through the regulator
S10: a current soft start unit: in the starting process of the inverter, if a target value is directly given, because the command value is not subjected to gradual increase/decrease, large transient impact is brought to the operation of the inverter, and overcurrent or overvoltage faults of the inverter are caused. Therefore, the current soft start unit can limit the impact current in the starting process, and the active power current command is in a gradual increase trend. As shown in FIG. 3, t1The time parameter can be set, t1Setting of parameters ofThe range directly determines the slave open-circuit voltage U of the inverter in the constant-voltage control modeocDirectly adjusted to theoretical maximum power voltage point UmThe speed of (2). E.g. t1Set to 2s, the output power of the inverter is adjusted from 0 to the theoretical maximum power P within 2 seconds in the constant voltage control modemAnd the link is combined with S4 to avoid that the voltage loop regulator directly gives the target voltage U in the starting process of the inverter in the constant voltage control modemThe resulting current surge;
s11: and performing vector transformation according to the active power and reactive power current commands, outputting SVPWM, and performing switching control on a power device of the grid-connected inverter.
In step S11, the two input terminals of the SVPWM are an active power command terminal and a reactive power command terminal, respectively, wherein
Is shown at dqUnder a rotating coordinate system, an active current is assigned;
is shown at dqUnder a rotating coordinate system, the reactive current is assigned; i.e. idIs shown at dqUnder a rotating coordinate system, an active current feedback value; i.e. iqIs shown at dqUnder a rotating coordinate system, a reactive current feedback value; e.g. of the typedIs shown at dqUnder a rotating coordinate system, the d-axis component of the grid voltage; e.g. of the typeqIs shown at dqUnder a rotating coordinate system, the q-axis component of the power grid voltage; l represents a photovoltaic inverter inductance; w represents the grid angular frequency; u. ofdIs shown at dqUnder a coordinate system, d-axis voltage control quantity; u. ofqIs shown at dqAnd under a coordinate system, controlling the q-axis voltage.
The invention has the following remarkable effects: by combining the constant voltage control mode with the MPPT control method, the system can quickly track to the actual maximum power point and stably work, and the influence of the voltage fluctuation of the power grid on the stability of the system is well solved. The system provided by the invention also overcomes the defects caused by the fact that the MPPT control method is used for merging the photovoltaic power supply into the power grid, and improves the safety and stability of the system.
By combining the constant voltage control mode with the MPPT control method, the system can quickly track to the actual maximum power point and stably work, and the influence of the voltage fluctuation of the power grid on the stability of the system is well solved. The system provided by the invention also overcomes the defects caused by the fact that the MPPT control method is used for merging the photovoltaic power supply into the power grid, and improves the safety and stability of the system. Contributes to the technical update of the photovoltaic industry.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; these modifications and substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solution to depart from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be covered by the claims and the specification of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a solar cell panel output power governing system which characterized in that: including deciding voltage control module, MPPT control module, switching the control unit, busbar voltage dynamic adjustment unit, active current soft start unit and SVPWM unit, wherein:
the input end of the constant voltage control module is provided with a connection interface of a solar panel, and the target voltage of constant voltage control is determined according to the open-circuit voltage of the solar panel;
the input end of the MPPT control module is provided with a connection interface of a solar cell panel, and an MPPT mode is adopted to track an actual maximum power voltage point;
the switching control unit is used for realizing switching of access states of the constant voltage control module and the MPPT control module;
the bus voltage dynamic adjusting unit is used for determining a voltage instruction of the inverter direct-current bus;
the active current soft start unit is used for determining a current instruction of a direct current bus of the inverter;
the SVPWM unit is used for performing vector transformation according to the active power current instruction and the reactive power current instruction, outputting SVPWM and realizing the switching control of a power device in the inverter;
the bus voltage dynamic adjustment unit collects the fundamental wave effective value U of the three-phase voltage on the power grid linermsThen according to
Determining a voltage command for an inverter DC bus
Wherein
Is the output voltage, k, of the constant voltage control module or the MPPT control module2Constant, η is the voltage loss of the inverter;
the active current soft start unit is adjusted from 0 to the theoretical maximum power P by setting the output powermTo determine the rate of increase of the inverter output power in the constant voltage control mode.
2. The solar panel output power regulation system of claim 1, wherein: the constant voltage control module is according to Um＝k1·UocTo determine a constant voltage control target voltage, wherein the coefficient k1Depending on the characteristics of the photovoltaic cell, UocIs the open circuit voltage of the solar panel.
3. The solar panel output power regulation system of claim 2, wherein: coefficient k1The value range of (A) is 0.6-0.9.
4. The method of claim 1Solar cell panel output power governing system, its characterized in that: the active current soft start unit is also provided with a voltage loop regulator in front, and one input end of the voltage loop regulator acquires a voltage instruction of the DC bus of the inverter
The other input end collects the actual value U of the bus voltagepvThe difference between the two is used to obtain the voltage deviation VerrThen PI regulation is carried out to obtain an active power current instruction
The active power current command
And obtaining a current instruction of the direct current bus of the inverter after the active current soft start unit.
5. The solar panel output power regulation system of claim 1, wherein: fundamental wave effective value of three-phase voltage on power grid line
Wherein U isA,UB,UCThe three-phase voltage effective values of A, B and C on the AC power grid line are respectively.
6. The solar panel output power regulation system of claim 1, wherein: the system is arranged between the solar cell panel and the grid-connected power line.
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| CN103248067B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2016-03-02 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | The low voltage ride through control method of photovoltaic combining inverter and device |
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| CN102611135A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2012-07-25 | 浙江工业大学 | Open loop and closed loop combined maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method |
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