CN106786865A - A kind of two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on capacitance energy storage - Google Patents
A kind of two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on capacitance energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN106786865A CN106786865A CN201611154167.9A CN201611154167A CN106786865A CN 106786865 A CN106786865 A CN 106786865A CN 201611154167 A CN201611154167 A CN 201611154167A CN 106786865 A CN106786865 A CN 106786865A
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- battery
- series
- bidirectional triode
- triode thyristor
- equalizing circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on capacitance energy storage, wherein, series battery is divided into left and right two parts, and left half battery cell is left battery pack, and right half battery cell is right battery pack.The head and the tail two ends of series battery are in VCCBetween GND, the two-part battery in left and right is coupled together by middle equalizing circuit, and equalizing circuit is connected with control circuit again.Acted on the energy storage of storage capacitor by controlling the break-make of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC in equalizing circuit, the circuit can realize the dynamic equalization during battery set charge/discharge, improve the unbalanced phenomenon of series battery, improve the active volume of battery pack, reduce maintenance and the replacement cycle of series battery, extend the service life of battery pack.Therefore the battery management system of energy storage equipment of the circuit suitable for hybrid vehicle, pure electric automobile or storage station.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile communication technology field.The two-way nothing of specifically related to a kind of series battery based on capacitance energy storage
Damage equalizing circuit.
Background technology
Series battery is by after multiple charge and discharge cycles, the distribution of the residual capacity of each battery cell substantially occurs
Three kinds of situations：The residual capacity of some battery cells is higher；The residual capacity of some battery cells is relatively low；Some battery cells
Residual capacity is higher and some battery cells residual capacities are relatively low.
For above-mentioned three kinds of situations, domestic and foreign scholars propose the solution of oneself.Such as it is directed to Individual cells monomer
The higher situation of residual capacity, there is researcher to propose parallel resistance shunting, it is by controlling the corresponding switching device will
The energy of the higher battery module of residual capacity is fallen by resistance consumption, and the method wastes energy, and in equilibrium
During generate substantial amounts of heat, increased the load of battery thermal management.Also have researcher propose bi-directional DC-DC equalization,
The equalizing circuits such as coaxial transformer equalization, these circuits all employ transformer, increased the cost of equalizing circuit.
The method of current Li-ion batteries piles Balance route, according to circuit in balancing procedure to the Expenditure Levels of energy, can
It is divided into energy-dissipating and the major class of energy non-dissipative type two；According to equalization function classify, can be divided into charge balancing, equalization discharge and
Dynamic equalization.Charge balancing refers to the equilibrium in charging process, is usually opened when batteries monomer voltage reaches setting value
Begin balanced, overcharge is prevented by reducing charging current；Equalization discharge refers to the equilibrium in discharge process, by residual energy
The low battery cell of amount supplements energy to prevent overdischarge；Dynamic equalization mode combines the excellent of charge balancing and equalization discharge
Point, refers to the equilibrium carried out to battery pack in whole charge and discharge process.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve drawbacks described above of the prior art, there is provided a kind of series connection based on capacitance energy storage
The two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of battery pack, is ensured by the battery management system of series battery using a kind of equalizing circuit
Monomer in battery pack occurs without overcharge and overdischarge during charging and discharging, improves series battery unbalanced existing
As, the active volume of battery pack is improved, reduce maintenance and the replacement cycle of series battery, extend the service life of battery pack,
Reduce the operating cost of hybrid vehicle, electric automobile and storage station.
The purpose of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
The two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of a kind of series battery based on capacitance energy storage, in charging process, when battery pack
When any one or multiple continuous battery monomer energy of left half are too high (such as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 (a), battery Bl1With battery
Bl2It is continuous battery cell, battery Bl1With battery Bl2With battery Bl3It is continuous battery cell.That is the left half of battery pack
In, one or more battery cell of arbitrary continuation, the present invention is known as continuous battery, can just be fitted in balancing procedure
Locality is considered as an entirety.The definition of the continuous battery of right half of battery pack is similarly), can be by one or more continuous energy
The too high monomer of amount is considered as an entirety, and this overall balancing energy is given this overall corresponding right half battery pack
Into entirety, (in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 (a), the battery B of left halfl1Corresponding is the battery B of right halfr1, the battery B of left halfl1
And Bl2It is right half battery B that the entirety of composition is correspondingr1And Br2The entirety of composition.I.e. one of the arbitrary continuation of left half or
The entirety of person's multiple battery cells composition, corresponding is that right half is in parallel with the entirety same or multiple continuous electric capacity
The entirety of battery composition, the definition of continuous electric capacity is identical with the definition of continuous battery.The corresponding left half of battery of right half
Battery definition similarly)；The balancing principle of right half is with left half similarly.
In discharge process, when one or more continuous battery monomer energy of the left half of battery pack are too low, can be with
The too low monomer of one or more energy is considered as an entirety.When the electricity of the corresponding right half of the too low entirety of this energy
When pond energy will not be too low, can be connected by the battery of right half corresponding with the entirety that this energy is too low and with these batteries
The balancing energy of continuous any battery combination gives this energy too low entirety.When the corresponding right part of the too low entirety of this energy
Point the energy content of battery it is also too low when, it is necessary to equilibrium is realized by two steps, first by the energy of left half high or many
The balancing energy of individual continuous battery cell improves the voltage of the battery of right half to the battery of right half, then by above-mentioned
The method of equalization discharge carries out equilibrium.The balancing principle of right half is with left half similarly.
The two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of the series battery is made up of series battery, equalizing circuit, control circuit.Wherein,
Series battery is divided into left and right two parts, and left half battery cell is left battery pack, and right half battery cell is right battery
Group；When battery cell sum is for 2n (n is positive integer), left-right parts battery cell number is n, when battery cell sum is 2n
When+1 (n is positive integer), left batteries monomer number is n, and right batteries monomer number is n+1, it is also possible to which left batteries monomer number is n
+ 1, right batteries monomer number is n, and with left batteries monomer number as n, right batteries monomer number is an explanation (left side as a example by n+1 to the present invention
Batteries monomer number is n+1, and when right batteries monomer number is n, principle is identical)；Left battery cell monomer is distinguished from top to bottom
It is named as Bl1、Bl2、Bl3、……Bln, when battery cell sum is for 2n, right battery cell monomer is named respectively from top to bottom
It is Br1、Br2、Br3、……Brn, when battery cell sum is for 2n+1, right battery cell monomer is respectively designated as from top to bottom
Br0、Br1、Br2、Br3、……Brn；Bl1Positive pole meet VCC, when battery cell sum is for 2n, Br1Negative pole meet GND, work as battery
When monomer populations are 2n+1, Br0Negative pole meet GND；Number of batteries is not limited, but with the rising of number of batteries, equilibrium control
System can accordingly become complicated, and the switching frequency of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC may not reach requirement, and the requirement to storage capacitor also can
It is corresponding to improve, should be selected according to actual conditions.When number of batteries is 2n, the storage capacitor C quantity in equalizing circuit
It is n, is from top to bottom respectively designated as C1、C2……Cn；When number of batteries is 2n+1, the storage capacitor C quantity in equalizing circuit
It is n+1, is from top to bottom respectively designated as C0、C1……Cn；Bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC with the quantity such as electric capacity is connected in parallel on electric capacity two
End, remaining bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC one end is connected with one end of storage capacitor C, and the other end is connected with one end of battery, two-way
The control end of controllable silicon TRIAC is connected with control circuit, makes turning on and off by control circuit control for bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC
System；When number of batteries is 2n, the quantity of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is 3n+2, and bidirectional triode thyristor in parallel with electric capacity is from top to bottom
It is respectively designated as S1、S2……Sn, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with left battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sl1、Sl2……
Sl(n+1), the bidirectional triode thyristor that is connected with right battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sr1、Sr2……Sr(n+1)；Work as battery
When quantity is 2n+1, the quantity of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is 3n+5, and bidirectional triode thyristor in parallel with electric capacity is from top to bottom named respectively
It is S0、S1……Sn, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with left battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sl0、Sl1……Sl(n+1), with
Bidirectional triode thyristor that right battery pack is connected from top to bottom is respectively designated as Sr0、Sr1……Sr(n+1)；Battery cell Bl1Just
Pole meets VCC, battery cell Br1Negative pole meet GND.Control circuit in Fig. 1 includes microcontroller and all bidirectional triode thyristors
The drive circuit of TRIAC, is answered by analyzing the microcontroller programming in control circuit the electricity of present battery and calculating
This is using which kind of control strategy come equalizing circuit；By controlling the drive circuit in circuit, can give bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC's
Gate pole provides appropriate driving voltage or shut-off voltage, allows bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC to be turned on or off according to actual demand,
Reach carries out purpose in a balanced way to battery electric quantity.
The operation principle of equalizing circuit is as follows：
When number of batteries is 2n, such as Fig. 1, in charging process, if continuous several batteries in left battery pack are all
It is terminal voltage highest, the entirety that can be constituted these batteries is while carry out equalization discharge.Assuming that these batteries are Bli、
Bl(i+1)……Bl(i+w)(quantity of these batteries is at most equal to all batteries of left battery pack, the i.e. maximum of w for n-1, and w is big
In equal to 0).In order to avoid to Bli、Bl(i+1)……Bl(i+w)Overcharge, in a PWM cycle, makes bidirectional triode thyristor
TRIACSliAnd Sl(i+w+1)Conducting, then electric current is by Sli, storage capacitor Ci、Ci+1……Ci+w、Sl(i+w+1)And Bl(i+w)、
Bl(i+w-1)……Bli, Bli、Bl(i+1)……Bl(i+w)It is electric capacity C to dischargei、Ci+1……Ci+wThe overall storage energy of composition；With electricity
Pond Bli、Bl(i+1)……Bl(i+w)Corresponding battery is Bri、Br(i+1)……Br(i+w), SliAnd Sl(i+w+1)Make after opening certain hour
Its shut-off, while opening SriAnd Sr(i+w+1), now electric current is by electric capacity Ci+w、Ci+w-1……Ci、Sri, battery Bri、Br(i+1)……
Br(i+w)And Sr(i+w+1), electric capacity Ci、Ci+1……Ci+wRelease energy to Bri、Br(i+1)……Br(i+w), realize energy from Bli、
Bl(i+1)……Bl(i+w)To Bri、Br(i+1)……Br(i+w)Transfer.In charging process, if continuous some in right battery pack
Individual battery is all terminal voltage highest, and balancing principle is identical with left battery pack.
When number of batteries is 2n, such as Fig. 1, in discharge process, if continuous several batteries in left battery pack are all
For terminal voltage is minimum, the entirety that can be constituted these batteries is while carry out equalization discharge.Assuming that these batteries are Bli、
Bl(i+1)……Bl(i+w)(quantity of these batteries is at most equal to all batteries of left battery pack, the i.e. maximum of w for n-1, and w is big
In equal to 0).Assuming that with battery Bli、Bl(i+1)……Bl(i+w)Corresponding battery is Bri、Br(i+1)……Br(i+w), work as Bri、
Br(i+1)……Br(i+w)When the integral energy for being constituted will not be too low, by certain rule judgment, with Bri、Br(i+1)……
Br(i+w)Continuous certain battery can be integrally Bli、Bl(i+1)……Bl(i+w)Energy is provided.Assuming that this overall battery is
Br(i-p)、Br(i-p+1)……Br(i+q+w)(maximum of the sum of p+q+w is n-1, and 0) p is more than or equal to more than or equal to 0, q, then open-minded
Sr(i-p)And Sr(i+q+w+1), while opening Si-p、Si-p+1……Si+q+w+1Middle removing Si、Si+1……Si+wIt is remaining in parallel with electric capacity
Bidirectional triode thyristor.Now electric current passes through Sr(i-p), electric capacity Ci、Ci+1……Ci+w、Sr(i+q+w+1), battery Br(i+q+w)、
Br(i+q+w-1)……Br(i-p)And Si-p、Si-p+1……Si+q+w+1Middle removing Si、Si+1……Si+wIt is remaining in parallel with electric capacity two-way
Controllable silicon, Br(i-p)、Br(i-p+1)……Br(i+q+w)It is electric capacity C to dischargei、Ci+1……Ci+wThe overall storage energy of composition；Sr(i-p)
And Sr(i+q+w+1)And Si-p、Si-p+1……Si+q+w+1Middle removing Si、Si+1……Si+wThe remaining bidirectional triode thyristor in parallel with electric capacity
Turned off after opening a period of time, while opening SliAnd Sl(i+w+1), then electric current is by storage capacitor Ci+w、Ci+w-1……Ci、Sli、
Bli、Bl(i+1)……Bl(i+w)And Sl(i+w+1), electric capacity Ci、Ci+1……Ci+wRelease energy to Bri、Br(i+1)……Br(i+w), it is real
Energy from B is showedr(i-p)、Br(i-p+1)……Br(i+q+w)To Bri、Br(i+1)……Br(i+w)Transfer.Work as Bri、Br(i+1)……
Br(i+w)When the integral energy for being constituted is too low, the battery in left battery pack is first passed through for right battery pack integrally charges, improve Bri、
Br(i+1)……Br(i+w)Energy, then carry out equalization discharge through the above way.In discharge process, if the company in right battery pack
Several continuous batteries are all for terminal voltage is minimum, and balancing principle is identical with left battery pack.
When number of batteries is 2n+1, such as Fig. 2, during charge or discharge, except battery Br0, other batteries it is equal
Weighing apparatus method is identical when being 2n with number of batteries.In charging process, if battery Br0Terminal voltage highest, in order to avoid to Br0Overcharge
Electricity, in a PWM cycle, makes bidirectional triode thyristor TRIACSr0And Sr1Conducting, then electric current is by Sr0, storage capacitor C0、Sr1With
And Br0Electric discharge, is electric capacity C0Storage energy.Sr0And Sr1Turned it off after opening a period of time, while opening S1、Sl0And Sl2, this
When electric current pass through electric capacity C0、Sl0, battery Bl1、Sl2And S1, electric capacity C0Release energy to Bl1, realize energy from Br0To Bl1Turn
Move.In discharge process, if battery Br0Terminal voltage is minimum, in order to avoid to Br0Overdischarge, in a PWM cycle, makes two-way
Controllable silicon TRIACSl0And SlnConducting, simultaneously turns on bidirectional triode thyristor S1、S2……Sn, then electric current is by Sl0, storage capacitor C0、
S1、S2……Sn、SlnAnd Bln、Bl(n-1)……Bl1, it is electric capacity C0Storage energy；Sl0And SlnIt is closed after opening a period of time
It is disconnected, while opening Sr0And Sr1, now electric current is by electric capacity C0、Sr0, battery Br0And Sr1, electric capacity C0Release energy to Br0, realize
Energy is from Bl1、Bl2……BlnTo Br0Transfer.
The present invention has the following advantages and effect relative to prior art：
The present invention can be protected due to using above-mentioned dynamic nondestructive cell balancing in series battery cells management system
Demonstrate,prove each battery and overcharge and overdischarge occurred without during charging and discharging, improve the unbalanced phenomenon of series battery,
The active volume of battery pack is improved, extends the service life of battery pack, reduce storage in hybrid vehicle, electric automobile and power station
The cost of battery energy storage system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the circuit of the two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of the series battery based on capacitance energy storage when number of batteries is 2n is former
Reason figure；
Fig. 2 is the circuit of the two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of the series battery based on capacitance energy storage when number of batteries is 2n+1
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 (a) is the course of work principle that electric capacity charges in charging process by taking 4 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n
Figure；
Fig. 3 (b) is the course of work principle of electric capacity electric discharge in charging process by taking 4 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n
Figure；
Fig. 4 (a) is the course of work principle that electric capacity charges in charging process by taking 4 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n
Figure；
Fig. 4 (b) is the course of work principle of electric capacity electric discharge in charging process by taking 4 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n
Figure；
Fig. 5 (a) is the battery B by taking 5 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n+1r0The work that electric capacity charges in charging process
Make schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 (b) is the battery B by taking 5 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n+1r0The work of electric capacity electric discharge in charging process
Make schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 (a) is the battery B by taking 5 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n+1r0The work that electric capacity charges in discharge process
Make schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 (b) is the battery B by taking 5 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n+1r0The work of electric capacity electric discharge in discharge process
Make schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the voltage oscillogram of each battery cell in equalizing circuit charging emulation experiment by taking 4 batteries as an example；
Fig. 8 be by taking 4 batteries as an example equalizing circuit electric discharge emulation experiment in each battery cell voltage oscillogram.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is that the circuit of the two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of the series battery based on capacitance energy storage when number of batteries is 2n is former
Reason figure.Wherein, series battery is divided into left and right two parts, and left half battery cell is left battery pack, right half battery cell
It is right battery pack；Left-right parts battery cell number is n；Left battery cell monomer is respectively designated as B from top to bottoml1、Bl2、
Bl3、……Bln, right battery cell monomer is respectively designated as B from top to bottomr1、Br2、Br3、……Brn, Bl1Positive pole meet VCC,
Br1Negative pole meet GND；Number of batteries is not limited, but with the rising of number of batteries, Balance route can accordingly become complicated,
The switching frequency of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC may not reach requirement, and the requirement to storage capacitor also can be improved accordingly, should basis
Actual conditions are selected.Storage capacitor C quantity in equalizing circuit is n, is from top to bottom respectively designated as C1、C2……Cn；With
The bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC of the quantity such as electric capacity is connected in parallel on electric capacity two ends, remaining bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC one end and storage capacitor
One end of C is connected, and the other end is connected with one end of battery, and the control end of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is connected with control circuit, makes
Turning on and off for bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is controlled by control circuit；The quantity of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is 3n+2, with electric capacity
Bidirectional triode thyristor in parallel is from top to bottom respectively designated as S1、S2……Sn, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with left battery pack is by upper
S is respectively designated as underl1、Sl2……Sl(n+1), the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with right battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as
Sr1、Sr2……Sr(n+1)；Battery cell Bl1Positive pole meet VCC, battery cell Br1Negative pole meet GND.Control circuit bag in figure
Drive circuit containing microcontroller and all bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC, by dividing the microcontroller programming in control circuit
Analyse the electricity of present battery and calculate should be using which kind of control strategy come equalizing circuit；By controlling the driving electricity in circuit
Road, provides appropriate driving voltage or shut-off voltage can to the gate pole of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC, allow bidirectional triode thyristor
TRIAC is turned on or off according to actual demand, and reach carries out purpose in a balanced way to battery electric quantity.
Fig. 2 is the circuit of the two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of the series battery based on capacitance energy storage when number of batteries is 2n+1
Schematic diagram.Wherein, series battery is divided into left and right two parts, and left half battery cell is left battery pack, right half battery list
Body is right battery pack；Left batteries monomer number is n, and right batteries monomer number is n+1, it is also possible to which left batteries monomer number is n+1,
Right batteries monomer number is n, and with left batteries monomer number as n, right batteries monomer number is explanation as a example by n+1 to the present invention；Left electricity
Pond Battery pack monomer is respectively designated as B from top to bottoml1、Bl2、Bl3、……Bln, right battery cell monomer orders respectively from top to bottom
Entitled Br0、Br1、Br2、Br3、……Brn, Bl1Positive pole meet VCC, Br0Negative pole meet GND；Number of batteries is not limited, but with
The rising of number of batteries, Balance route can accordingly become complicated, and the switching frequency of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC may not reached will
Ask, the requirement to storage capacitor also can be improved accordingly, should be selected according to actual conditions.Storage capacitor in equalizing circuit
C quantity is n+1, is from top to bottom respectively designated as C0、C1……Cn；Bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC with the quantity such as electric capacity is connected in parallel on electricity
Hold two ends, remaining bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC one end is connected with one end of storage capacitor C, and the other end is connected with one end of battery,
The control end of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is connected with control circuit, makes turning on and off by control electricity for bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC
Road controls；The quantity of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is 3n+5, and bidirectional triode thyristor in parallel with electric capacity is from top to bottom respectively designated as S0、
S1……Sn, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with left battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sl0、Sl1……Sl(n+1), with right electricity
The bidirectional triode thyristor that pond group is connected from top to bottom is respectively designated as Sr0、Sr1……Sr(n+1)；Battery cell Bl1Positive pole meet VCC,
Battery cell Br1Negative pole meet GND.Driving electricity of the control circuit comprising microcontroller and all bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC in figure
Road, by analyzing the microcontroller programming in control circuit the electricity of present battery and calculating and be controlled using which kind of
Strategy processed carrys out equalizing circuit；By controlling the drive circuit in circuit, provide appropriate can to the gate pole of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC
Driving voltage or shut-off voltage, allow bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC to be turned on or off according to actual demand, reach to battery electricity
Amount carries out purpose in a balanced way.
Fig. 3 (a) is the course of work principle that electric capacity charges in charging process by taking 4 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n
Figure.Battery cell sum is 4, and left-right parts battery cell number is 2, and left battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as
Bl1、Bl2, left battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as Br1、Br2, electric capacity is from top to bottom respectively designated as C1、C2.If
B in left battery packl1Monomer terminal voltage is all monomer highests, in order to avoid to B1Overcharge, in a PWM cycle, makes
Bidirectional triode thyristor TRIACSl1And Sl2Conducting, then electric current is by Sl1, storage capacitor C1、Sl2And Bl1, Bl1It is electric capacity C to discharge1Storage
Deposit energy；Then by C1The energy of storage is released to Br1。Sl1And Sl2Turned it off after opening certain hour, while opening Sr1With
Sr2, now electric current is by electric capacity C1、Sr1, battery Br1And Sr2, electric capacity C1Release energy to Br1, realize energy from Bl1To Br1's
Transfer.
Fig. 3 (b) is the course of work principle of electric capacity electric discharge in charging process by taking 4 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n
Figure.Battery cell sum is 4, and left-right parts battery cell number is 2, and left battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as
Bl1、Bl2, left battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as Br1、Br2, electric capacity is from top to bottom respectively designated as C1、C2.With
Fig. 3 (a) in a PWM cycle, by C1The energy of storage is released to Br1。Sl1And Sl2Turned it off after opening certain hour, together
Shi Kaitong Sr1And Sr2, now electric current is by electric capacity C1、Sr1, battery Br1And Sr2, electric capacity C1Release energy to Br1, realize energy
From Bl1To Br1Transfer.
Fig. 4 (a) is the course of work principle that electric capacity charges in charging process by taking 4 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n
Figure.Battery cell sum is 4, and left-right parts battery cell number is 2, and left battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as
Bl1、Bl2, left battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as Br1、Br2, electric capacity is from top to bottom respectively designated as C1、C2.If
B in left battery packl1Monomer terminal voltage is that all monomers are minimum, it is assumed that with Bl1Corresponding battery Br1Energy will not be too low, and Br1
And Br2The entirety for being constituted can be Bl1Energy is provided.In order to avoid to B1Overdischarge, in a PWM cycle, make it is two-way can
Control silicon TRIACSr1And Sr3Conducting, while opening S2, then electric current is by Sr1, storage capacitor C1、S2、Sr3And Br2And Br1, Br1With
Br2It is electric capacity C to discharge1Storage energy.
Fig. 4 (b) is the course of work principle of electric capacity electric discharge in charging process by taking 4 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n
Figure.Battery cell sum is 4, and left-right parts battery cell number is 2, and left battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as
Bl1、Bl2, left battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as Br1、Br2, electric capacity is from top to bottom respectively designated as C1、C2.With
Fig. 4 (a) in a PWM cycle, Sr1、Sr3And S2Turned it off after opening certain hour, while opening Sl1And Sl2, it is now electric
Stream passes through electric capacity C1、Sl1, battery Bl1And Sl2, electric capacity C1Release energy to Bl1, realize energy from Br1And Br2To Bl1Transfer.
Fig. 5 (a) is the battery B by taking 5 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n+1r0The work that electric capacity charges in charging process
Make schematic diagram.Battery cell sum is 5, and left half battery cell number is 2, and right half battery cell number is 3.Left battery pack
Battery cell is from top to bottom respectively designated as Bl1、Bl2, right battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as Br0、Br1、Br2,
Electric capacity is from top to bottom respectively designated as C0、C1、C2, the quantity of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is 11, bidirectional triode thyristor in parallel with electric capacity
Be from top to bottom respectively designated as S0、S1、S2, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with left battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sl0、
Sl1、Sl2, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with right battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sr0、Sr1、Sr2.In charging process,
If battery Br0Terminal voltage highest, in order to avoid to Br0Overcharge, in a PWM cycle, makes bidirectional triode thyristor TRIACSr0With
Sr1Conducting, then electric current is by Sr0, storage capacitor C0、Sr1And Br0Electric discharge, is electric capacity C0Storage energy.
Fig. 5 (b) is the battery B by taking 5 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n+1r0The work of electric capacity electric discharge in charging process
Make schematic diagram.Battery cell sum is 5, and left half battery cell number is 2, and right half battery cell number is 3.Left battery pack
Battery cell is from top to bottom respectively designated as Bl1、Bl2, right battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as Br0、Br1、Br2,
Electric capacity is from top to bottom respectively designated as C0、C1、C2, the quantity of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is 11, bidirectional triode thyristor in parallel with electric capacity
Be from top to bottom respectively designated as S0、S1、S2, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with left battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sl0、
Sl1、Sl2, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with right battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sr0、Sr1、Sr2.With Fig. 5 (a) at one
In PWM cycle, Sr0And Sr1Turned it off after opening a period of time, while opening S1、Sl0And Sl2, now electric current is by electric capacity C0、
Sl0, battery Bl1、Sl2And S1, electric capacity C0Release energy to Bl1, realize energy from Br0To Bl1Transfer.
Fig. 6 (a) is the battery B by taking 5 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n+1r0The work that electric capacity charges in discharge process
Make schematic diagram.Battery cell sum is 5, and left half battery cell number is 2, and right half battery cell number is 3.Left battery pack
Battery cell is from top to bottom respectively designated as Bl1、Bl2, right battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as Br0、Br1、Br2,
Electric capacity is from top to bottom respectively designated as C0、C1、C2, the quantity of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is 11, bidirectional triode thyristor in parallel with electric capacity
Be from top to bottom respectively designated as S0、S1、S2, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with left battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sl0、
Sl1、Sl2, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with right battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sr0、Sr1、Sr2.In discharge process,
If battery Br0Terminal voltage is minimum, in order to avoid to Br0Overdischarge, in a PWM cycle, makes bidirectional triode thyristor TRIACSl0With
Sl3Conducting, while opening S1And S2, then electric current is by Sl0, electric capacity C0、S1、S2、Sl3And battery Bl2And Bl1, it is electric capacity C0Storage energy
Amount.
Fig. 6 (b) is the battery B by taking 5 batteries as an example when number of batteries is 2n+1r0The work of electric capacity electric discharge in discharge process
Make schematic diagram.Battery cell sum is 5, and left half battery cell number is 2, and right half battery cell number is 3.Left battery pack
Battery cell is from top to bottom respectively designated as Bl1、Bl2, right battery cell monomer is from top to bottom respectively designated as Br0、Br1、Br2,
Electric capacity is from top to bottom respectively designated as C0、C1、C2, the quantity of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is 11, bidirectional triode thyristor in parallel with electric capacity
Be from top to bottom respectively designated as S0、S1、S2, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with left battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sl0、
Sl1、Sl2, the bidirectional triode thyristor being connected with right battery pack is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sr0、Sr1、Sr2.With Fig. 6 (a) at one
In PWM cycle, Sl0、Sl3、S1And S2Turned it off after opening a period of time, while opening Sr0And Sr1, now electric current is by energy storage
Electric capacity C0、Sr0, battery Br0And Sr1Electric discharge, electric capacity C0Release energy to Br0, realize energy from Bl1And Bl2To Br0Transfer.
Fig. 7 is the voltage oscillogram of each battery cell in equalizing circuit charging emulation experiment by taking 4 batteries as an example.Setting
Put under conditions of certain control accuracy, each battery cell realizes electric voltage equalization by equalizing circuit.
Fig. 8 be by taking 4 batteries as an example equalizing circuit electric discharge emulation experiment in each battery cell voltage oscillogram.Setting
Put under conditions of certain control accuracy, each battery cell realizes electric voltage equalization by equalizing circuit.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably implementation method, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, it is other it is any without departing from Spirit Essence of the invention and the change, modification, replacement made under principle, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on capacitance energy storage, it is characterised in that the equalizing circuit bag
Include：Series battery, equalizing circuit and control circuit, wherein the series battery includes being divided into left and right two parts, left half
Battery cell is left battery pack, and right half battery cell is right battery pack, and the left battery pack is connected on the right battery pack
Together, the left battery pack and the right battery pack are coupled together by the middle equalizing circuit, and the equalizing circuit is again
It is connected with the control circuit, it is described to control circuit by controlling the break-make of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC in the equalizing circuit
Energy storage with storage capacitor is acted on, and realizes the dynamic equalization in the series battery charge and discharge process.
2. a kind of two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on capacitance energy storage according to claim 1, its feature
It is,
(n is positive integer), the left battery pack and the right battery when battery cell sum is for 2n in the series battery
Battery cell number is n in group, when battery cell sum is for 2n+1 in the series battery (n is positive integer), if described
Left battery in battery pack number of monomers is n, then the right battery in battery pack number of monomers is n+1, if the left battery in battery pack
Number of monomers is n+1, then the right battery in battery pack number of monomers is n.
3. a kind of two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on capacitance energy storage according to claim 2, its feature
It is,
When battery cell sum is for 2n in the series battery, the left battery in battery pack monomer is ordered respectively from top to bottom
Entitled Bl1、Bl2、Bl3、……Bln, and Bl1、Bl2、Bl3、……BlnIt is sequentially connected in series；The right battery in battery pack monomer is from upper
B is respectively designated as underr1、Br2、Br3、……Brn, and Br1、Br2、Br3、……BrnIt is sequentially connected in series；Wherein, Bl1Positive pole connect
VCC, Br1Negative pole meet GND；
Storage capacitor C quantity in the equalizing circuit is n, is from top to bottom respectively designated as C1、C2……Cn, and C1、
C2……CnIt is sequentially connected in series；The quantity of the bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC in the equalizing circuit is 3n+2, wherein there is n individual two-way controllable
Silicon TRIAC is from top to bottom respectively designated as S1、S2……Sn, S1、S2……SnIt is sequentially connected in series, and S1、S2……SnIt is in parallel respectively
In storage capacitor C1、C2……CnTwo ends；Wherein there is n+1 bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC to be from top to bottom respectively designated as Sl1、
Sl2……Sl(n+1), Sl1、Sl2……SlnT1End respectively with storage capacitor C1、C2……CnUpper end be connected, Sl(n+1)T1End
With storage capacitor CnLower end be connected, Sl1、Sl2……SlnT2End and battery cell Bl1、Bl2、Bl3、……BlnAnode phase
Even, Sl(n+1)T2End and battery cell BlnNegative terminal be connected；Wherein remaining n+1 bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC from top to bottom divides
S is not named as itr1、Sr2……Sr(n+1), Sr1、Sr2……SrnT1End respectively with storage capacitor C1、C2……CnUpper end be connected,
Sr(n+1)T1End and storage capacitor CnLower end be connected, Sr1、Sr2……SrnT2End and battery cell Br1、Br2、Br3、……Brn
Negative terminal be connected, Sr(n+1)T2End and battery cell BrnAnode be connected；
The gate pole of all bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is all connected with the control circuit, makes opening for all bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC
Logical and shut-off is controlled by control circuit.
4. a kind of two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on capacitance energy storage according to claim 2, its feature
It is,
When battery cell sum is for 2n+1 in the series battery, the left battery in battery pack number of monomers is n, from up to
Under be respectively designated as Bl1、Bl2、Bl3、……Bln, and Bl1、Bl2、Bl3、……BlnIt is sequentially connected in series；The right battery in battery pack
Number of monomers is n+1, and B is respectively designated as from top to bottomr0、Br1、Br2、Br3、……Brn, and Br0、Br1、Br2、Br3、……BrnAccording to
Secondary series connection；Wherein, Bl1Positive pole meet VCC, Br0Negative pole meet GND；
Storage capacitor C quantity in the equalizing circuit is n+1, is from top to bottom respectively designated as C0、C1、C2……Cn, C0、
C1、C2……CnIt is sequentially connected in series；The quantity of the bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC in the equalizing circuit is 3n+5, wherein there is n+1 pair
S is from top to bottom respectively designated as to controllable silicon TRIAC0、S1、S2……Sn, S0、S1、S2……SnIt is sequentially connected in series, and S0、S1、
S2……SnElectric capacity C is connected in parallel on respectively0、C1、C2……CnTwo ends；Wherein there is n+2 bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC from top to bottom to divide
S is not named as itl0、Sl1、Sl2……Sl(n+1), Sl0、Sl1、Sl2……SlnT1End respectively with storage capacitor C0、C1、C2……Cn's
Upper end is connected, Sl(n+1)T1End and storage capacitor CnLower end be connected, Sl1、Sl2……SlnT2End and battery Bl1、Bl2、
Bl3、……BlnAnode be connected, Sl0T2End and battery Bl1Anode be connected, Sl(n+1)T2End and battery BlnNegative terminal phase
Even；Wherein remaining n+2 bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is from top to bottom respectively designated as Sr0、Sr1、Sr2……Sr(n+1), Sr0、Sr1、
Sr2……SrnT1End respectively with storage capacitor C0、C1、C2……CnUpper end be connected, Sr(n+1)T1End and storage capacitor Cn's
Lower end is connected, Sr1、Sr2……SrnT2End and battery Br1、Br2、Br3、……BrnNegative terminal be connected, Sr0T2End and battery Br1
Negative terminal be connected, Sr(n+1)T2End and battery BrnAnode be connected；
The gate pole of all bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC is all connected with the control circuit, makes opening for all bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC
Logical and shut-off is controlled by control circuit.
5. according to a kind of any described two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on capacitance energy storage of Claims 1-4,
Characterized in that,
Drive circuit of the control circuit comprising microcontroller and all bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC, by the microcontroller
Device programs to analyze the electricity of each battery cell in the series battery and determine the control strategy of the equalizing circuit；Institute
State drive circuit and provide appropriate driving voltage or shut-off voltage to the gate pole of bidirectional triode thyristor TRIAC, allow bidirectional triode thyristor
TRIAC is turned on or off according to actual demand.
6. according to a kind of any described two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on capacitance energy storage of Claims 1-4,
Characterized in that,
The size of the frequency of control signal is according to the capacitance of the circuit storage capacitor C for being controlled, two-way in the control circuit
Depending on switching loss, battery cell voltage, the battery cell capacity of controllable silicon TRIAC.
7. according to a kind of any described two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on capacitance energy storage of Claims 1-4,
Characterized in that,
Battery is the secondary cells such as lead-acid battery, lithium ion battery, Ni-MH battery, ultracapacitor in the series battery.
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