CN106786403B - Direct current solid-state circuit breaker with follow current loop - Google Patents
Direct current solid-state circuit breaker with follow current loop Download PDFInfo
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- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
- H02H7/222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for switches
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种带续流回路的直流固态断路器，包括：具有相同结构且分别安装在柔性直流系统正极与负极的正极断路器与负极断路器；正极断路器包括正极断流回路与正极续流回路；正极断流回路的输入端与正极断路器的输入端连接，正极断流回路的输出端与正极续流回路的一端连接后与正极断路器的输出端连接，所述正极续流回路的另一端接地；所述负极断路器包括负极断流回路与负极续流回路，所述负极断流回路的输入端与负极断路器的输入端连接，所述负极断流回路的输出端与负极续流回路的一端连接后与负极断路器的输出端连接，所述负极续流回路的另一端接地。该方案可以避免截流过电压的产生，为柔性直流系统直流断路器的研制提供了一条崭新的技术路线。
The invention discloses a direct current solid state circuit breaker with a freewheeling circuit, comprising: a positive circuit breaker and a negative circuit breaker having the same structure and being respectively installed on the positive and negative electrodes of a flexible direct current system; the positive circuit breaker comprises a positive current interrupting circuit and a positive electrode Freewheeling circuit; the input end of the positive current interruption circuit is connected to the input end of the positive electrode circuit breaker, the output end of the positive current interrupting circuit is connected to one end of the positive electrode freewheeling circuit and then connected to the output end of the positive electrode circuit breaker, and the positive current freewheeling circuit is connected to the output end of the positive electrode circuit breaker. The other end of the loop is grounded; the negative circuit breaker includes a negative current interrupting circuit and a negative freewheeling circuit, the input end of the negative current interrupting circuit is connected to the input end of the negative electrode circuit breaker, and the output end of the negative current interrupting circuit is connected to the negative current circuit breaker. One end of the negative freewheeling circuit is connected to the output end of the negative circuit breaker, and the other end of the negative freewheeling circuit is grounded. This solution can avoid the generation of overvoltage, and provides a brand-new technical route for the development of DC circuit breakers in flexible DC systems.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及柔性直流领域，尤其涉及一种带续流回路的直流固态断路器。The invention relates to the field of flexible direct current, in particular to a direct current solid state circuit breaker with a freewheeling circuit.
背景技术Background technique
柔性直流技术是一种高效、灵活的新型输配电技术，在电力系统中有着广泛的发展前景。直流断路器是保证柔性直流系统安全可靠运行的关键设备。然而，当前的直流断流器却是限制高电压大容量柔性直流系统发展的一大瓶颈。不同于交流电流存在过零点，直流故障电流更难于灭弧，这给高压、大容量直流断路器的研制工作带来了巨大的挑战。直流断路器可分为机械式、固态和混合型直流断路器。直流固态断路器是利用电力电子器件构成，无机械触点，具有开断时间极短、无弧、无光、无声响等优点。Flexible DC technology is a new type of high-efficiency and flexible power transmission and distribution technology, which has broad development prospects in the power system. The DC circuit breaker is the key equipment to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the flexible DC system. However, the current DC circuit breaker is a major bottleneck restricting the development of high-voltage and large-capacity flexible DC systems. Different from the zero-crossing point of the AC current, the DC fault current is more difficult to extinguish the arc, which brings great challenges to the development of high-voltage and large-capacity DC circuit breakers. DC circuit breakers can be divided into mechanical, solid state and hybrid DC circuit breakers. The DC solid state circuit breaker is composed of power electronic devices, without mechanical contacts, and has the advantages of extremely short breaking time, no arc, no light, and no sound.
虽然直流固态断路器断开故障电流不会产生电弧，但由于线路电感的存在以及其断开速度极快，将可能在开断过程中产生很高的过电压。过电压有可能造成电力电子器件的损坏，因此成为直流固态断路器研发不可回避的难点。目前的研究主要是在固态断路器两侧并联大电容器以及避雷器，以减小过电压。这样必然将增长断流时间，增加断流器的体积以及成本，降低可靠性。Although the DC solid state circuit breaker will not produce arcing when disconnecting the fault current, due to the existence of line inductance and its extremely fast disconnection speed, it may generate high overvoltage during the disconnection process. Overvoltage may cause damage to power electronic devices, so it has become an unavoidable difficulty in the development of DC solid state circuit breakers. The current research is mainly to connect large capacitors and arresters in parallel on both sides of the solid-state circuit breaker to reduce overvoltage. This will inevitably increase the interruption time, increase the volume and cost of the circuit breaker, and reduce reliability.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是提供一种带续流回路的直流固态断路器，利用柔性直流系统直流侧故障电流方向固定的原理，增设了二极管续流回路，避免了截流过电压的产生，为柔性直流系统直流断路器的研制提供了一条崭新的技术路线。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a DC solid-state circuit breaker with a freewheeling circuit, which utilizes the principle that the direction of the fault current on the DC side of the flexible DC system is fixed, adds a diode freewheeling circuit, and avoids the generation of overvoltage at the current cutoff, which is a flexible DC system. The development of DC circuit breaker provides a new technical route.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of this invention is to realize through the following technical solutions:
一种带续流回路的直流固态断路器，包括：具有相同结构且分别对应的安装在柔性直流系统正极与负极的正极断路器与负极断路器；A DC solid-state circuit breaker with a freewheeling circuit, comprising: a positive electrode circuit breaker and a negative electrode circuit breaker having the same structure and correspondingly installed on the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a flexible DC system;
所述正极断路器包括正极断流回路与正极续流回路；所述正极断流回路的输入端与正极断路器的输入端连接，所述正极断流回路的输出端与正极续流回路的一端连接后与正极断路器的输出端连接，所述正极续流回路的另一端接地；The positive circuit breaker includes a positive current interrupting circuit and a positive freewheeling circuit; the input end of the positive current interrupting circuit is connected to the input end of the positive circuit breaker, and the output end of the positive current interrupting circuit is connected to one end of the positive freewheeling circuit After being connected, it is connected to the output end of the positive circuit breaker, and the other end of the positive freewheeling circuit is grounded;
所述负极断路器包括负极断流回路与负极续流回路，所述负极断流回路的输入端与负极断路器的输入端连接，所述负极断流回路的输出端与负极续流回路的一端连接后与负极断路器的输出端连接，所述负极续流回路的另一端接地。The negative circuit breaker includes a negative current interrupting circuit and a negative freewheeling circuit, the input end of the negative current interrupting circuit is connected to the input end of the negative electrode circuit breaker, and the output end of the negative current interrupting circuit is connected to one end of the negative electrode freewheeling circuit. After being connected, it is connected to the output end of the negative circuit breaker, and the other end of the negative freewheeling circuit is grounded.
进一步的，所述正极断流回路包括多个断流单元与一个避雷器MOV1；其中，所有断流单元依次串联后与所述避雷器MOV1并联；Further, the positive current interruption circuit includes a plurality of current interruption units and one arrester MOV1; wherein, all current interruption units are connected in series with the arrester MOV1 in parallel after being connected in series;
所述正极续流回路包括：并联连接的二极管D6与避雷器MOV2；所述二极管D6由多个二极管串联构成，所述二极管D6的负极与正极断流回路的输出端连接，正极接地。The positive freewheeling loop includes: a diode D6 and a surge arrester MOV2 connected in parallel; the diode D6 is composed of a plurality of diodes connected in series, the cathode of the diode D6 is connected to the output end of the anode current interruption circuit, and the anode is grounded.
进一步的，每一断流单元包括：并联连接的H桥断流模块与均压模块；Further, each current interruption unit includes: an H-bridge current interruption module and a voltage equalization module connected in parallel;
所述H桥断流模块包括：绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT1、二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3与二极管D4，所述二极管D1的负极与二极管D2的负极连接，所述二极管D2的正极与二极管D3的负极连接后与下级断流模块或正极断流器输出端连接，所述二极管D3的正极与二极管D4的正极连接，所述二极管D4的负极与二极管D1的正极连接后与正极断路器输入端或上级断流模块连接，所述IGBT1的集电极接在二极管D1的负极与二极管D2的负极之间，所述IGBT1的发射极接在二极管D3的正极与二极管D4的正极之间；The H-bridge current interruption module includes: an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3 and a diode D4, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2, and the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the diode The negative pole of D3 is connected to the lower-level current interrupter module or the output terminal of the positive interrupter, the positive pole of the diode D3 is connected to the positive pole of the diode D4, and the negative pole of the diode D4 is connected to the positive pole of the diode D1 and then connected to the positive pole circuit breaker. The terminal or the upper-level current interruption module is connected, the collector of the IGBT1 is connected between the cathode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2, and the emitter of the IGBT1 is connected between the anode of the diode D3 and the anode of the diode D4.
所述的均压模块包括：均压电容C1、放电电阻R1与二极管D5；所述二极管D5与放电电阻R1并联后与均压电容C1串联，所述均压电容C1的输入端与断流模块的输入端连接，所述均压电容C1的输出端与二极管D5的正极连接，所述二极管D5的负极与断流模块的输出端连接。The voltage equalization module includes: a voltage equalization capacitor C1, a discharge resistor R1 and a diode D5; the diode D5 is connected in parallel with the discharge resistor R1 and is connected in series with the voltage equalization capacitor C1, and the input end of the voltage equalization capacitor C1 is connected to the current-cutting module. The output end of the voltage equalizing capacitor C1 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D5, and the negative electrode of the diode D5 is connected to the output end of the current interruption module.
进一步的，所述负极断流回路包括：多个断流单元与一个避雷器MOV3，其中，所有断流单元依次串联后与所述避雷器MOV3并联；Further, the negative current interrupting circuit includes: a plurality of current interrupting units and a surge arrester MOV3, wherein all current interrupting units are sequentially connected in series and then connected in parallel with the surge arrester MOV3;
所述负极续流回路包括：并联连接的二极管D12与避雷器MOV4；所述二极管D12由多个二极管串联构成，所述二极管D12的正极与负极断流回路的输出端连接，负极接地。The negative freewheeling loop includes: a diode D12 and a surge arrester MOV4 connected in parallel; the diode D12 is composed of a plurality of diodes connected in series, and the anode of the diode D12 is connected to the output end of the negative current interruption circuit, and the cathode is grounded.
进一步的，每一断流单元包括：并联连接的H桥断流模块与均压模块；Further, each current interruption unit includes: an H-bridge current interruption module and a voltage equalization module connected in parallel;
所述H桥断流模块包括：绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT2、二极管D7、二极管D8、二极管D9、二极管D10，所述二极管D7的负极与二极管D8的负极连接，所述二极管D8的正极与二极管D9的负极连接后与下级断流模块或负极断流器输出端连接，所述二极管D9的正极与二极管D10的正极连接，所述二极管D10的负极与二极管D7的正极连接并与负极断路器输入端或上级断流模块连接，所述IGBT2的集电极接在二极管D7的负极与二极管D8的负极之间，所述IGBT2的发射极接在二极管D3的正极与二极管D10的正极之间；The H-bridge current interruption module includes: insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2, diode D7, diode D8, diode D9, diode D10, the cathode of the diode D7 is connected to the cathode of the diode D8, and the anode of the diode D8 is connected to the diode The negative electrode of D9 is connected to the lower-level current interruption module or the output terminal of the negative current interrupter, the positive electrode of the diode D9 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D10, and the negative electrode of the diode D10 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D7 and is input to the negative circuit breaker The terminal or the upper-level current interruption module is connected, the collector of the IGBT2 is connected between the cathode of the diode D7 and the cathode of the diode D8, and the emitter of the IGBT2 is connected between the anode of the diode D3 and the anode of the diode D10.
所述均压模块包括：均压电容C2、放电电阻R2、二极管D11，所述二极管D11与放电电阻R2并联后与均压电容C2串联，所述均压电容C2的输入端与断流模块的输入端连接，所述均压电容C2的输出端与二极管D11的正极连接，所述二极管D11的负极与断流模块的输出端连接。The voltage balancing module includes: a voltage balancing capacitor C2, a discharge resistor R2, and a diode D11. The diode D11 is connected in parallel with the discharge resistor R2 and is connected in series with the voltage balancing capacitor C2. The input end is connected, the output end of the voltage equalizing capacitor C2 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D11, and the negative electrode of the diode D11 is connected to the output end of the current interruption module.
进一步的，所述柔性直流系统正常运行时，正极续流回路与负极续流回路均处于闭锁状态；Further, when the flexible DC system operates normally, both the positive freewheeling loop and the negative freewheeling loop are in a locked state;
所述柔性直流系统发生双极短路故障，在直流固态断路器未动作时，正极故障电流的方向为从电压源换流器流向线路，负极故障电流的方向为从线路流向电压源换流器；直流固态断路器分闸后，通过正极续流回路和负极续流回路续流，直到线路电感储存的能量全部衰减；When a bipolar short-circuit fault occurs in the flexible DC system, when the DC solid-state circuit breaker does not operate, the direction of the positive fault current is from the voltage source converter to the line, and the direction of the negative fault current is from the line to the voltage source converter; After the DC solid-state circuit breaker is switched off, it will continue to flow through the positive freewheeling circuit and the negative freewheeling circuit until the energy stored by the line inductance is completely attenuated;
所述柔性直流系统发生单极短路故障，在直流固态断路器未动作时，正极故障电流的方向为从电压源换流器流向线路；如果是正极接地故障，则直流固态断路器分闸后，通过正极续流回路续流，直到线路电感储存的能量全部衰减；如果是负极接地故障，则直流固态断路器分闸后，通过负极续流回路，直到线路电感储存的能量全部衰减。When a single-pole short-circuit fault occurs in the flexible DC system, when the DC solid-state circuit breaker does not operate, the direction of the positive fault current is from the voltage source converter to the line; if it is a positive ground fault, after the DC solid-state circuit breaker is opened, the Freewheeling through the positive freewheeling circuit until the energy stored by the line inductance is completely attenuated; if it is a negative ground fault, after the DC solid state circuit breaker is opened, it will pass through the negative freewheeling circuit until the energy stored by the line inductance is completely attenuated.
由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出，1)采用二极管续流回路，避免了截流过电压的产生，可应用于高电压大容量场合，拓扑简单，控制简易，成本低廉，可靠性高。2)采用H桥断流模块，大幅降低所需IGBT器件的个数，减少成本，降低正常工况下的损耗，并可实现双向负荷电流分断。3)采用均压电容回路并联在H桥断流模块两端，可全面防止IGBT与二极管受到损坏。4)减小了传统固态直流断路器的缓冲电容的容量，减小了直流固态断路器的体积与成本，提高了可靠性。5)实现了直流单极故障、直流双极故障、直流双向负荷电流的有效分断，分断过程快速无弧无过电压。It can be seen from the above technical solutions provided by the present invention that 1) the diode freewheeling loop is used to avoid the generation of over-voltage, which can be applied to high-voltage and large-capacity occasions, with simple topology, simple control, low cost and high reliability. 2) The H-bridge current breaking module is adopted, which greatly reduces the number of IGBT devices required, reduces the cost, reduces the loss under normal working conditions, and can realize bidirectional load current breaking. 3) The balancing capacitor circuit is connected in parallel at both ends of the H-bridge current-breaking module, which can comprehensively prevent the IGBT and diode from being damaged. 4) The capacity of the buffer capacitor of the traditional solid-state DC circuit breaker is reduced, the volume and cost of the DC solid-state circuit breaker are reduced, and the reliability is improved. 5) Effective breaking of DC unipolar fault, DC bipolar fault and DC bidirectional load current is realized, and the breaking process is fast without arc and no overvoltage.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种带续流回路的直流固态断路器的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a DC solid-state circuit breaker with a freewheeling circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的柔性直流系统正常工作状态示意图FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a normal working state of a flexible DC system provided by an embodiment of the present invention
图3为本发明实施例提供的柔性直流系统双极故障时，本发明提供的直流固态断路器工作示意图；3 is a schematic working diagram of the DC solid state circuit breaker provided by the present invention when the flexible DC system provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a bipolar fault;
图4为本发明实施例提供的无续流回路的固态断路器切断双极短路故障电流时断路器两端的电压波形图；4 is a voltage waveform diagram at both ends of the circuit breaker when a solid-state circuit breaker without a freewheeling circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention cuts off a bipolar short-circuit fault current;
图5为本发明实施例提供的本发明提供的直流固态断路器切断双极短路故障电流时断路器两端的电压波形图；5 is a voltage waveform diagram at both ends of the circuit breaker when the DC solid-state circuit breaker provided by the present invention cuts off bipolar short-circuit fault current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的柔性直流系统单极故障时，本发明提供的直流固态断路器工作示意图；6 is a schematic working diagram of the DC solid-state circuit breaker provided by the present invention when the flexible DC system provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a single-pole fault;
图7为本发明实施例提供的无续流回路的固态断路器切断单极接地故障电流时断路器两端的电压波形图；7 is a voltage waveform diagram at both ends of the circuit breaker when a solid-state circuit breaker without a freewheeling circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention cuts off a single-pole ground fault current;
图8为本发明实施例提供的本发明提供的直流固态断路器切断单极接地故障电流时断路器两端的电压波形图。FIG. 8 is a voltage waveform diagram at both ends of the circuit breaker when the DC solid state circuit breaker provided by the present invention cuts off a single-pole ground fault current according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明实施例提供一种带续流回路的直流固态断路器，如图1所示，其主要包括：具有相同结构且分别对应的安装在柔性直流系统正极与负极的正极断路器与负极断路器；An embodiment of the present invention provides a DC solid-state circuit breaker with a freewheeling circuit, as shown in FIG. 1 , which mainly includes: a positive circuit breaker and a negative circuit breaker that have the same structure and are respectively installed on the positive and negative electrodes of the flexible DC system. ;
所述正极断路器包括正极断流回路1与正极续流回路2；所述正极断流回路1的输入端与正极断路器的输入端连接，所述正极断流回路1的输出端与正极续流回路2的一端连接后与正极断路器的输出端连接，所述正极续流回路2的另一端接地；The positive circuit breaker includes a positive current interrupting circuit 1 and a
所述负极断路器包括负极断流回路3与负极续流回路4，所述负极断流回路3的输入端与负极断路器的输入端连接，所述负极断流回路3的输出端与负极续流回路4的一端连接后与负极断路器的输出端连接，所述负极续流回路4的另一端接地。The negative circuit breaker includes a negative
下面再结合图1来介绍正极断路器与负极断路器的具体结构。The specific structures of the positive circuit breaker and the negative circuit breaker will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 .
1、正极断路器。1. Positive circuit breaker.
正极断流回路包括多个断流单元与一个避雷器MOV1；其中，所有断流单元依次串联后与所述避雷器MOV1并联。The positive current interrupting circuit includes a plurality of current interrupting units and one arrester MOV1; wherein, all current interrupting units are connected in series in sequence and then connected in parallel with the arrester MOV1.
正极续流回路包括：并联连接的二极管D6与避雷器MOV2；所述二极管D6由多个二极管串联构成，所述二极管D6的负极与正极断流回路的输出端连接，正极接地。The positive freewheeling loop includes: a diode D6 and a surge arrester MOV2 connected in parallel; the diode D6 is composed of a plurality of diodes connected in series, the cathode of the diode D6 is connected to the output end of the anode current interrupting circuit, and the anode is grounded.
本领域技术人员可以理解，所述多个二极管串联的具体数量可以根据系统额定电压决定；断流单元的具体数量可以根据使用的环境的额定电压决定。Those skilled in the art can understand that the specific number of the plurality of diodes connected in series can be determined according to the rated voltage of the system; the specific number of interrupting units can be determined based on the rated voltage of the environment in which they are used.
本发明实施例中，每一断流单元包括：并联连接的H桥断流模块与均压模块；In the embodiment of the present invention, each current interruption unit includes: an H-bridge current interruption module and a voltage equalization module connected in parallel;
所述H桥断流模块包括：绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT1、二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3与二极管D4，所述二极管D1的负极与二极管D2的负极连接，所述二极管D2的正极与二极管D3的负极连接后与下级断流模块或正极断流器输出端连接，所述二极管D3的正极与二极管D4的正极连接，所述二极管D4的负极与二极管D1的正极连接后与正极断路器输入端或上级断流模块连接，所述IGBT1的集电极接在二极管D1的负极与二极管D2的负极之间，所述IGBT1的发射极接在二极管D3的正极与二极管D4的正极之间；The H-bridge current interruption module includes: an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3 and a diode D4, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2, and the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the diode The negative pole of D3 is connected to the lower-level current interrupter module or the output terminal of the positive interrupter, the positive pole of the diode D3 is connected to the positive pole of the diode D4, and the negative pole of the diode D4 is connected to the positive pole of the diode D1 and then connected to the positive pole circuit breaker. The terminal or the upper-level current interruption module is connected, the collector of the IGBT1 is connected between the cathode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2, and the emitter of the IGBT1 is connected between the anode of the diode D3 and the anode of the diode D4.
所述的均压模块包括：均压电容C1、放电电阻R1与二极管D5；所述二极管D5与放电电阻R1并联后与均压电容C1串联，所述均压电容C1的输入端与断流模块的输入端连接，所述均压电容C1的输出端与二极管D5的正极连接，所述二极管D5的负极与断流模块的输出端连接。The voltage equalization module includes: a voltage equalization capacitor C1, a discharge resistor R1 and a diode D5; the diode D5 is connected in parallel with the discharge resistor R1 and is connected in series with the voltage equalization capacitor C1, and the input end of the voltage equalization capacitor C1 is connected to the current-cutting module. The output end of the voltage equalizing capacitor C1 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D5, and the negative electrode of the diode D5 is connected to the output end of the current interruption module.
2、负极断路器。2. Negative circuit breaker.
负极断流回路包括：多个断流单元与一个避雷器MOV3，其中，所有断流单元依次串联后与所述避雷器MOV3并联；The negative current interrupting circuit includes: a plurality of current interrupting units and one arrester MOV3, wherein all current interrupting units are connected in series in sequence and then connected in parallel with the arrester MOV3;
负极续流回路包括：并联连接的二极管D12与避雷器MOV4；所述二极管D12由多个二极管串联构成，所述二极管D12的正极与负极断流回路的输出端连接，负极接地。The negative freewheeling loop includes: a diode D12 and a surge arrester MOV4 connected in parallel; the diode D12 is composed of a plurality of diodes connected in series, and the anode of the diode D12 is connected to the output end of the negative current interruption circuit, and the cathode is grounded.
本领域技术人员可以理解，所述多个二极管串联的具体数量可以根据系统额定电压决定；断流单元的具体数量可以根据使用的环境的额定电压决定。Those skilled in the art can understand that the specific number of the plurality of diodes connected in series can be determined according to the rated voltage of the system; the specific number of interrupting units can be determined based on the rated voltage of the environment in which they are used.
本发明实施例中，每一断流单元包括：并联连接的H桥断流模块与均压模块；In the embodiment of the present invention, each current interruption unit includes: an H-bridge current interruption module and a voltage equalization module connected in parallel;
所述H桥断流模块包括：绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT2、二极管D7、二极管D8、二极管D9、二极管D10，所述二极管D7的负极与二极管D8的负极连接，所述二极管D8的正极与二极管D9的负极连接后与下级断流模块或负极断流器输出端连接，所述二极管D9的正极与二极管D10的正极连接，所述二极管D10的负极与二极管D7的正极连接并与负极断路器输入端或上级断流模块连接，所述IGBT2的集电极接在二极管D7的负极与二极管D8的负极之间，所述IGBT2的发射极接在二极管D3的正极与二极管D10的正极之间；The H-bridge current interruption module includes: insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2, diode D7, diode D8, diode D9, diode D10, the cathode of the diode D7 is connected to the cathode of the diode D8, and the anode of the diode D8 is connected to the diode The negative electrode of D9 is connected to the lower-level current interruption module or the output terminal of the negative current interrupter, the positive electrode of the diode D9 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D10, and the negative electrode of the diode D10 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D7 and is input to the negative circuit breaker The terminal or the upper-level current interruption module is connected, the collector of the IGBT2 is connected between the cathode of the diode D7 and the cathode of the diode D8, and the emitter of the IGBT2 is connected between the anode of the diode D3 and the anode of the diode D10.
所述均压模块包括：均压电容C2、放电电阻R2、二极管D11，所述二极管D11与放电电阻R2并联后与均压电容C2串联，所述均压电容C2的输入端与断流模块的输入端连接，所述均压电容C2的输出端与二极管D11的正极连接，所述二极管D11的负极与断流模块的输出端连接。The voltage balancing module includes: a voltage balancing capacitor C2, a discharge resistor R2, and a diode D11. The diode D11 is connected in parallel with the discharge resistor R2 and is connected in series with the voltage balancing capacitor C2. The input end is connected, the output end of the voltage equalizing capacitor C2 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D11, and the negative electrode of the diode D11 is connected to the output end of the current interruption module.
本发明实施例的上述方案，可适用于高压大容量柔性直流系统，拓扑简单，控制简易，成本低廉，可靠性高，分断过程快速无弧无过电压。The above solution of the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a high-voltage large-capacity flexible DC system, with simple topology, simple control, low cost, high reliability, and fast breaking process without arc and overvoltage.
对于交流侧故障，电压源换流器(VSC)具有隔离功能，不需要直流固态断路器隔离故障。对于直流侧故障，无论是双极故障还是单极故障，电压源换流器闭锁后，正极故障电流总是从换流器流向故障点，负极故障电流总是从故障点流向换流器。电压源换流器的反向并联二极管具有钳制作用，换流器出口的正极电压不会低于负极电压，因此保证了直流侧故障电流方向的唯一性。For AC side faults, the voltage source converter (VSC) has isolation function and does not require DC solid state circuit breaker to isolate the fault. For DC side faults, whether it is a bipolar fault or a unipolar fault, after the voltage source converter is blocked, the positive fault current always flows from the converter to the fault point, and the negative fault current always flows from the fault point to the converter. The anti-parallel diode of the voltage source converter has a clamping function, and the positive voltage at the outlet of the converter will not be lower than the negative voltage, thus ensuring the uniqueness of the direction of the fault current on the DC side.
具体来说：Specifically:
1)柔性直流系统正常运行。1) The flexible DC system operates normally.
如图2所示，由于正极为正电位，正极续流回路处于闭锁状态；负极为负电位，负极续流回路处于闭锁状态。因此在系统正常运行状态下，增加续流回路不会影响系统运行状态。As shown in Figure 2, since the positive electrode is a positive potential, the positive freewheeling circuit is in a locked state; the negative electrode is a negative potential, and the negative freewheeling circuit is in a locked state. Therefore, in the normal operating state of the system, adding a freewheeling circuit will not affect the operating state of the system.
2)柔性直流系统发生双极短路故障2) Bipolar short-circuit fault occurs in flexible DC system
如图3所示，在直流固态断路器未动作时，正极故障电流的方向为从电压源换流器流向线路，负极故障电流的方向为从线路流向电压源换流器；直流固态断路器分闸后，线路上故障电流不会马上截止，而是通过正极续流回路和负极续流回路续流，直到线路电感储存的能量全部衰减；因为线路上故障电流的变化率不大，所以不会在直流断路器两端形成较大的过电压。As shown in Figure 3, when the DC solid-state circuit breaker is not in operation, the direction of the positive fault current is from the voltage source converter to the line, and the direction of the negative fault current is from the line to the voltage source converter; After the gate, the fault current on the line will not be cut off immediately, but will continue to flow through the positive freewheeling circuit and the negative freewheeling circuit until the energy stored by the line inductance is completely attenuated; because the change rate of the fault current on the line is not large, it will not A large overvoltage is formed across the DC circuit breaker.
示例性的，可以利用PSCAD软件，对±20kV柔性直流系统进行仿真。图4为没有续流回路的直流固态断路器分断双极短路故障电流时断路器两端的暂态电压波形，大概产生8.5p.u.的过电压；图5为采用本实施例分断双极短路故障电流时断路器两端的暂态电压波形，基本没有过电压。Exemplarily, the ±20kV flexible DC system can be simulated using PSCAD software. Figure 4 shows the transient voltage waveform at both ends of the circuit breaker when the DC solid-state circuit breaker without a freewheeling circuit breaks the bipolar short-circuit fault current, and an overvoltage of about 8.5p.u. is generated; Figure 5 is when the present embodiment is used to break the bipolar short-circuit fault current The transient voltage waveform across the circuit breaker is basically free of overvoltage.
3)柔性直流系统发生单极短路故障3) A single-pole short-circuit fault occurs in the flexible DC system
如图6所示，在直流固态断路器未动作时，正极故障电流的方向为从电压源换流器流向线路。a、如果是正极接地故障，则直流固态断路器分闸后，线路上故障电流不会马上截止，而是通过正极续流回路续流，直到线路电感储存的能量全部衰减。b、如果是负极接地故障，则直流固态断路器分闸后，线路上故障电流不会马上截止，而是通过负极续流回路，直到线路电感储存的能量全部衰减。因为线路上故障电流的变化率不大，所以不会在直流断路器两端形成较大的过电压。As shown in Figure 6, when the DC solid state circuit breaker is not in operation, the direction of the positive fault current is from the voltage source converter to the line. a. If it is a positive ground fault, after the DC solid-state circuit breaker is opened, the fault current on the line will not be cut off immediately, but will continue to flow through the positive freewheeling circuit until the energy stored by the line inductance is completely attenuated. b. If it is a negative ground fault, after the DC solid state circuit breaker is opened, the fault current on the line will not be cut off immediately, but will pass through the negative freewheeling circuit until the energy stored by the line inductance is completely attenuated. Because the change rate of the fault current on the line is not large, a large overvoltage will not be formed at both ends of the DC circuit breaker.
示例性的，可以利用PSCAD软件，对±20kV柔性直流系统进行仿真。图7为没有续流回路的直流固态断路器分断单极接地故障电流时断路器两端的暂态电压波形，大概产生9p.u.的过电压；图8为采用本实施例分断单极接地故障电流时断路器两端的暂态电压波形，大概产生1.6p.u.的过电压。Exemplarily, the ±20kV flexible DC system can be simulated using PSCAD software. Figure 7 shows the transient voltage waveform at both ends of the circuit breaker when the DC solid-state circuit breaker without a freewheeling circuit breaks the single-pole grounding fault current, and an overvoltage of about 9 p.u. is generated; Figure 8 shows the single-pole grounding fault breaking using this embodiment The transient voltage waveform at both ends of the circuit breaker when the current is flowing produces an overvoltage of approximately 1.6p.u.
与现有技术比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1)采用二极管续流回路，避免了截流过电压的产生，可应用于高电压大容量场合，拓扑简单，控制简易，成本低廉，可靠性高。1) The diode freewheeling loop is used to avoid the generation of overvoltage, which can be applied to high-voltage and large-capacity occasions. The topology is simple, the control is simple, the cost is low, and the reliability is high.
2)采用H桥断流模块，大幅降低所需IGBT器件的个数，减少成本，降低正常工况下的损耗，并可实现双向负荷电流分断。2) The H-bridge current breaking module is adopted, which greatly reduces the number of IGBT devices required, reduces the cost, reduces the loss under normal working conditions, and can realize bidirectional load current breaking.
3)采用均压电容回路并联在H桥断流模块两端，可全面防止IGBT与二极管受到损坏。3) The balancing capacitor circuit is connected in parallel at both ends of the H-bridge current-breaking module, which can comprehensively prevent the IGBT and diode from being damaged.
4)减小了传统固态直流断路器的缓冲电容的容量，减小了直流固态断路器的体积与成本，提高了可靠性。4) The capacity of the buffer capacitor of the traditional solid-state DC circuit breaker is reduced, the volume and cost of the DC solid-state circuit breaker are reduced, and the reliability is improved.
5)实现了直流单极故障、直流双极故障、直流双向负荷电流的有效分断，分断过程快速无弧无过电压。5) Effective breaking of DC unipolar fault, DC bipolar fault and DC bidirectional load current is realized, and the breaking process is fast without arc and no overvoltage.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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