CN106785872A - Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid state laser based on conical refraction annular optical pumping - Google Patents
Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid state laser based on conical refraction annular optical pumping Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106785872A CN106785872A CN201510834679.9A CN201510834679A CN106785872A CN 106785872 A CN106785872 A CN 106785872A CN 201510834679 A CN201510834679 A CN 201510834679A CN 106785872 A CN106785872 A CN 106785872A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- light
- laguerre
- output
- gaussian beam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000087 laser glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000931526 Acer campestre Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/107—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/101—Lasers provided with means to change the location from which, or the direction in which, laser radiation is emitted
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于锥形折射环形光泵浦的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器，包括泵浦源，沿该泵浦源输出光方向、且同光轴的依次放置的聚焦透镜、双轴晶体、激光增益介质和激光输出镜；所述的双轴晶体位于聚焦透镜的一倍焦距以内。本发明将泵浦光转换为环形泵浦光，转换效率接近于100％，转换效率高，从而使泵浦光到输出拉盖尔-高斯激光时的光-光效率高，且转换装置对温度环境没有特殊要求，不用加冷却装置，适应性强，具有结构简单、易实现的特点。
The invention discloses a Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser based on conical refraction ring light pumping, which includes a pumping source, focusing lenses sequentially placed along the output light direction of the pumping source and on the same optical axis, double Axis crystal, laser gain medium and laser output mirror; the biaxial crystal is located within one focal length of the focusing lens. The invention converts the pump light into ring pump light, the conversion efficiency is close to 100%, and the conversion efficiency is high, so that the light-to-light efficiency of the pump light to the output Laguerre-Gauss laser is high, and the conversion device has a high temperature There are no special requirements for the environment, no cooling device is needed, the adaptability is strong, and it has the characteristics of simple structure and easy realization.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于固体激光器技术，特别涉及一种基于双轴晶体锥形折射环形光泵浦的高效率一阶或更高阶的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器。The invention belongs to the technology of solid-state lasers, in particular to a high-efficiency first-order or higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser pumped based on biaxial crystal conical refraction ring light.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，柱状矢量光束和涡旋光束愈来愈受到人们的关注。它们的共同特点是是其光斑的中心强度为零且其振幅可用一阶或更高阶的拉盖尔-高斯(Laguerre-Gaussian,LG)函数来表征。柱状矢量光束的典型代表包括径向偏振激光和角向偏振激光，其电场矢量指向光斑横截面的半径或者切线方向，在光斑中心存在偏振奇点因而中心振幅为零。涡旋光束是指沿着光传播方向具有螺旋形波前相位的光束，光斑中心存在相位奇点，这种特性导致该光束具有轨道角动量。目前柱状矢量光束和涡旋光束已经广泛应用于原子冷却和囚禁、粒子导引和捕获、高分辨显微等重要领域。In recent years, cylindrical vector beams and vortex beams have attracted more and more attention. Their common feature is that the central intensity of the spot is zero and its amplitude can be characterized by a first-order or higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) function. Typical representatives of cylindrical vector beams include radially polarized lasers and angularly polarized lasers. The electric field vector points to the radius or tangential direction of the cross-section of the spot, and there is a polarization singularity in the center of the spot so that the central amplitude is zero. A vortex beam refers to a beam with a spiral wavefront phase along the direction of light propagation, and a phase singularity exists in the center of the spot, which leads to the orbital angular momentum of the beam. At present, cylindrical vector beams and vortex beams have been widely used in important fields such as atom cooling and trapping, particle guidance and trapping, and high-resolution microscopy.
产生柱状矢量光束或者涡旋光束的方法包括被动法和主动法。被动法主要利用各种光学元件对腔外激光光束进行整形，这些器件包括空间光调制器、空间光变换延迟器、少模光纤等。然而利用此方法获得的柱状矢量光束或者涡旋光束的功率较低(主要受所用器件的损伤阈值所限)，且光束质量较差。主动法主要是利用激光器直接输出柱状矢量光束或者涡旋光束，具有光束质量好和功率高等优势。主动法通常需要在激光器腔内放置轴对称偏振元件或者衍射光学元件来迫使激光器产生矢量偏振光束或者涡旋光束振荡，因此对腔内元件的光学质量有较高要求，从而导致成本上升。Methods for generating cylindrical vector beams or vortex beams include passive and active methods. The passive method mainly uses various optical components to shape the extracavity laser beam, and these devices include spatial light modulators, spatial light conversion retarders, few-mode fibers, etc. However, the cylindrical vector beam or vortex beam obtained by this method has low power (mainly limited by the damage threshold of the used device), and the beam quality is poor. The active method mainly uses a laser to directly output a cylindrical vector beam or a vortex beam, which has the advantages of good beam quality and high power. The active method usually needs to place an axisymmetric polarization element or a diffractive optical element in the laser cavity to force the laser to generate a vector polarized beam or vortex beam oscillation. Therefore, there are high requirements on the optical quality of the components in the cavity, which leads to an increase in cost.
然而利用环形光泵浦的方式可避免使用腔内选模元件。环形泵浦光泵浦固体激光器，是指在激光增益介质内环形泵浦光与一阶或更高阶的拉盖尔-高斯光束产生空间模式匹配，通过对腔内横模模式的选择使激光器输出一阶或更高阶的拉盖尔-高斯光束。在该方法中，环形泵浦光束是多种不同横向模式的叠加，亮度低，方向性差，不能很好的进行空间传播，但当利用它泵浦固体激光器时则可产生高功率、高光束质量的拉盖尔-高斯光。目前产生环形泵浦光的方法包括多模光纤离焦耦合法(Chin.Opt.Lett.,Vol.13No.3,031405,2015)、空心毛细石英光纤法(Opt.Commun.,Vol.296,P.109,2013)等。但是这些方法总体上来说都存在对环形泵浦光转换效率不高的问题(约在40％至75％)，从而导致激光器输出拉盖尔-高斯光束时的整体光-光效率不高。However, the use of ring light pumping can avoid the use of intracavity mode selection elements. Ring-pumped light-pumped solid-state laser refers to the spatial mode matching between the ring-pumped light and the first-order or higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian beam in the laser gain medium, and the laser is made by selecting the transverse mode mode in the cavity Outputs a Laguerre-Gaussian beam of first order or higher. In this method, the annular pump beam is a superposition of many different transverse modes, which has low brightness and poor directivity, and cannot be well propagated in space. However, when it is used to pump a solid-state laser, it can generate high power and high beam quality. Laguerre-Gaussian light. At present, the methods for generating annular pump light include multimode fiber defocus coupling method (Chin. P.109, 2013) etc. However, these methods generally have the problem of low conversion efficiency of ring pump light (about 40% to 75%), resulting in low overall light-to-light efficiency when the laser outputs a Laguerre-Gaussian beam.
为解决形成环形泵浦光时转换效率低的问题，本发明提出利用双轴晶体锥形折射产生的环形光来泵浦固体激光器，从而高效地产生拉盖尔-高斯光。双轴晶体的锥形折射(Proc.SPIE,Vol.6994,69940B,2008)是指激光光束聚焦之后通过沿着晶体任意一个光轴方向切割的双轴晶体，当泵浦光束通过双轴晶体之后会在透镜焦点之后形成环形的强度分布，其转换效率接近于100％。这有效地减少了利用其它方式形成环形泵浦光场时的功率损失，从而更高效地从固体激光器的增益介质中提取拉盖尔-高斯光束的增益。In order to solve the problem of low conversion efficiency when ring-shaped pump light is formed, the present invention proposes to use the ring-shaped light generated by biaxial crystal cone refraction to pump a solid-state laser, thereby efficiently generating Laguerre-Gaussian light. The conical refraction of biaxial crystals (Proc.SPIE, Vol.6994, 69940B, 2008) means that after the laser beam is focused, it passes through a biaxial crystal cut along any optical axis of the crystal. When the pump beam passes through the biaxial crystal A ring-shaped intensity distribution is formed behind the focal point of the lens, and its conversion efficiency is close to 100%. This effectively reduces the power loss when other methods are used to form the annular pump light field, thereby extracting the gain of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam from the gain medium of the solid-state laser more efficiently.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对环形光泵浦的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器，为解决形成环形泵浦光时转换效率低的缺陷，通过双轴晶体中锥形折射将泵浦光高效率的转换为环形泵浦光，利用其泵浦固体激光器，从而获得高效率的的拉盖尔-高斯光束输出。The present invention is aimed at the Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser pumped by ring light. In order to solve the defect of low conversion efficiency when forming ring pump light, the pump light is converted into ring pump with high efficiency through the conical refraction in the biaxial crystal. The pump light is used to pump the solid-state laser to obtain a high-efficiency Laguerre-Gaussian beam output.
本发明的技术解决方案如下：Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种基于锥形折射环形光泵浦的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器，其特点在于，包括泵浦源，沿该泵浦源输出光方向、且同光轴的依次放置的聚焦透镜、双轴晶体、激光增益介质和激光输出耦合镜；所述的双轴晶体位于聚焦透镜的一倍焦距以内。A Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser based on conical refraction ring light pumping, which is characterized in that it includes a pumping source, focusing lenses placed in sequence along the output light direction of the pumping source and on the same optical axis, double Axis crystal, laser gain medium and laser output coupling mirror; the biaxial crystal is located within one focal length of the focusing lens.
在所述的泵浦源与所述的聚焦透镜之间还可以设有四分之一波片，且该四分之一波片与所述的泵浦源输出光同光轴。A quarter-wave plate may also be provided between the pump source and the focusing lens, and the quarter-wave plate is on the same optical axis as the output light of the pump source.
所述的泵浦源是输出为线偏振激光、部分偏振激光、圆偏振激光或者非偏振激光的激光器或者激光器系统。The pumping source is a laser or a laser system whose output is linearly polarized laser, partially polarized laser, circularly polarized laser or non-polarized laser.
所述的双轴晶体是沿着其任意一个双轴晶体光轴方向切割的双轴晶体，其切割方向与泵浦源的输出光平行。The biaxial crystal is a biaxial crystal cut along any optical axis of the biaxial crystal, and the cutting direction is parallel to the output light of the pumping source.
所述的激光增益介质的前表面镀有激光高反膜和泵浦光增透膜，后表面镀有激光增透膜，所述的激光高反膜作为激光器输入耦合镜与所述的激光输出耦合镜构成激光谐振腔。The front surface of the laser gain medium is coated with a laser high-reflection film and a pump light anti-reflection film, and the rear surface is coated with a laser anti-reflection film. The laser high-reflection film is used as a laser input coupling mirror and the laser output The coupling mirror forms the laser resonator.
所述的激光增益介质为激光晶体、激光陶瓷或激光玻璃。The laser gain medium is laser crystal, laser ceramic or laser glass.
所述的激光增益介质位于所述的聚焦透镜的焦点之后双轴晶体锥形折射输出圆环泵浦光中心光强最弱的位置附近。The laser gain medium is located near the weakest position in the center of the pumping light output by the conical refraction of the biaxial crystal behind the focal point of the focusing lens.
所述的激光输出耦合镜是对于激光部分透射部分反射的平面镜或者凹面镜。The laser output coupling mirror is a plane mirror or a concave mirror that partially transmits and partially reflects the laser.
上述发明实施方案具体如下：Above-mentioned invention embodiment is specifically as follows:
方案一：Option One:
一种基于锥形折射环形光泵浦的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器，其构成包括输出光束为线偏振光的泵浦源，与泵浦源输出光同光轴并且沿泵浦光方向依次是四分之一波片、聚焦透镜、双轴晶体、激光增益介质、激光输出耦合镜。所述的泵浦源是输出为线偏振激光的激光器或者激光器系统。所述的四分之一波片具有旋转调节的机械结构，通过旋转调节四分之一波片使得通过的泵浦光的偏振特性变为圆形偏振光。所述的双轴晶体是沿其中任意一个光轴方向切割的双轴晶体，双轴晶体切割所沿的光轴方向与泵浦光的通光光轴方向平行。这里特别指出，由于双轴晶体的两个光轴方向与波长有关，切割所沿的双轴晶体的光轴方向可以准确对应于泵浦光的波长，也可以不对应于泵浦光的波长。所述的双轴晶体位于聚焦透镜之后一倍焦距以内的位置范围。所述的激光增益介质前后表面均有镀膜，前表面镀膜包括激光高反膜和泵浦光增透膜，后表面镀有激光增透膜，增益介质前表面镀有的激光高反膜作为激光器输入耦合镜与激光输出耦合镜共同构成激光谐振腔。所述的激光增益介质为激光晶体、激光陶瓷、激光玻璃。所述的激光增益介质位于聚焦透镜焦点之后双轴晶体锥形折射输出圆环泵浦光中心光强最弱的位置附近。所述的激光输出耦合镜是对于激光部分透射部分反射的平面镜或者凹面镜。A Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser pumped based on conical refraction ring light, which consists of a pump source whose output beam is linearly polarized light, which is on the same optical axis as the output light of the pump source and sequentially along the direction of the pump light It is a quarter-wave plate, a focusing lens, a biaxial crystal, a laser gain medium, and a laser output coupling mirror. The pumping source is a laser or a laser system whose output is linearly polarized laser. The quarter-wave plate has a mechanical structure for rotation adjustment, and the polarization characteristic of the passing pump light becomes circularly polarized light by rotating the quarter-wave plate. The biaxial crystal is a biaxial crystal cut along any one of the optical axis directions, and the optical axis direction along which the biaxial crystal is cut is parallel to the optical axis direction of the pump light. It is particularly pointed out here that since the directions of the two optical axes of the biaxial crystal are related to the wavelength, the direction of the optical axis of the biaxial crystal along which the cutting can be precisely corresponds to the wavelength of the pump light, or does not need to correspond to the wavelength of the pump light. The biaxial crystal is located within one focal length behind the focusing lens. The front and rear surfaces of the laser gain medium are coated, and the front surface coating includes a laser high-reflection film and a pump light anti-reflection film, the rear surface is coated with a laser anti-reflection film, and the laser high-reflection film coated on the front surface of the gain medium is used as a laser The input coupling mirror and the laser output coupling mirror together form a laser resonator. The laser gain medium is laser crystal, laser ceramic, laser glass. The laser gain medium is located near the weakest position in the center of the pumping light output by the conical refraction of the biaxial crystal behind the focal point of the focusing lens. The laser output coupling mirror is a plane mirror or a concave mirror that partially transmits and partially reflects the laser.
方案二：Option II:
一种基于锥形折射环形光泵浦的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器，其构成包括输出光束为部分偏振光的泵浦源，与泵浦源输出光同光轴并且沿泵浦光方向依次是四分之一波片、聚焦透镜、双轴晶体、激光增益介质、激光输出耦合镜。所述的泵浦源是输出为部分偏振激光的激光器或者激光器系统。所述的四分之一波片具有旋转调节的机械结构，通过旋转调节四分之一波片使得通过的泵浦光的偏振特性变为圆形偏振光。所述的双轴晶体是沿其中任意一个光轴方向切割的双轴晶体，双轴晶体切割所沿的光轴方向与泵浦光的通光光轴方向平行。这里特别指出，由于双轴晶体的两个光轴方向与波长有关，切割所沿的双轴晶体的光轴方向可以准确对应于泵浦光的波长，也可以不对应于泵浦光的波长。所述的双轴晶体位于聚焦透镜之后一倍焦距以内的位置范围。所述的激光增益介质前后表面均有镀膜，前表面镀膜包括激光高反膜和泵浦光增透膜，后表面镀有激光增透膜，增益介质前表面镀有的激光高反膜作为激光器输入耦合镜与激光输出耦合镜共同构成激光谐振腔。所述的激光增益介质为激光晶体、激光陶瓷、激光玻璃。所述的激光增益介质位于聚焦透镜焦点之后双轴晶体锥形折射输出圆环泵浦光中心光强最弱的位置附近。所述的激光输出耦合镜是对于激光部分透射部分反射的平面镜或者凹面镜。A Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser pumped based on conical refraction ring light, which consists of a pump source whose output beam is partially polarized light, which is on the same optical axis as the output light of the pump source and sequentially along the direction of the pump light It is a quarter-wave plate, a focusing lens, a biaxial crystal, a laser gain medium, and a laser output coupling mirror. The pumping source is a laser or a laser system whose output is partially polarized laser. The quarter-wave plate has a mechanical structure for rotation adjustment, and the polarization characteristic of the passing pump light becomes circularly polarized light by rotating the quarter-wave plate. The biaxial crystal is a biaxial crystal cut along any one of the optical axis directions, and the optical axis direction along which the biaxial crystal is cut is parallel to the optical axis direction of the pump light. It is particularly pointed out here that since the directions of the two optical axes of the biaxial crystal are related to the wavelength, the direction of the optical axis of the biaxial crystal along which the cutting can be precisely corresponds to the wavelength of the pump light, or does not need to correspond to the wavelength of the pump light. The biaxial crystal is located within one focal length behind the focusing lens. The front and rear surfaces of the laser gain medium are coated, and the front surface coating includes a laser high-reflection film and a pump light anti-reflection film, the rear surface is coated with a laser anti-reflection film, and the laser high-reflection film coated on the front surface of the gain medium is used as a laser The input coupling mirror and the laser output coupling mirror together form a laser resonator. The laser gain medium is laser crystal, laser ceramic, laser glass. The laser gain medium is located near the weakest position in the center of the pumping light output by the conical refraction of the biaxial crystal behind the focal point of the focusing lens. The laser output coupling mirror is a plane mirror or a concave mirror that partially transmits and partially reflects the laser.
方案三：third solution:
一种基于锥形折射环形光泵浦的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器，其构成包括输出光束为圆偏振光或者非偏振光束泵浦源，与泵浦源输出光同光轴并且沿泵浦光方向依次是聚焦透镜、双轴晶体、激光增益介质、激光输出耦合镜。所述的泵浦源是输出为圆偏振激光或者非偏振激光的激光器或者激光器系统。所述的双轴晶体是沿其中任意一个光轴方向切割的双轴晶体，双轴晶体切割所沿的光轴方向与泵浦光的通光光轴方向平行。这里特别指出，由于双轴晶体的两个光轴方向与波长有关，切割所沿的双轴晶体的光轴方向可以准确对应于泵浦光的波长，也可以不对应于泵浦光的波长。所述的双轴晶体位于聚焦透镜之后一倍焦距以内的位置范围。所述的激光增益介质前后表面均有镀膜，前表面镀膜包括激光高反膜和泵浦光增透膜，后表面镀有激光增透膜，增益介质前表面镀有的激光高反膜作为激光器输入耦合镜与激光输出耦合镜共同构成激光谐振腔。所述的激光增益介质为激光晶体、激光陶瓷、激光玻璃。所述的激光增益介质位于聚焦透镜焦点之后双轴晶体锥形折射输出圆环泵浦光中心光强最弱的位置附近。所述的激光输出耦合镜是对于激光部分透射部分反射的平面镜或者凹面镜。A Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser pumped based on conical refraction ring light, which consists of a circularly polarized or non-polarized beam pump source, which is on the same optical axis as the output light of the pump source and along the pump The light direction is the focusing lens, the biaxial crystal, the laser gain medium, and the laser output coupling mirror in turn. The pumping source is a laser or a laser system whose output is circularly polarized laser or non-polarized laser. The biaxial crystal is a biaxial crystal cut along any one of the optical axis directions, and the optical axis direction along which the biaxial crystal is cut is parallel to the optical axis direction of the pump light. It is particularly pointed out here that since the directions of the two optical axes of the biaxial crystal are related to the wavelength, the direction of the optical axis of the biaxial crystal along which the cutting can be accurately corresponds to the wavelength of the pump light, or does not need to correspond to the wavelength of the pump light. The biaxial crystal is located within one focal length behind the focusing lens. The front and rear surfaces of the laser gain medium are coated. The front surface coating includes a laser high-reflection film and a pump light anti-reflection film. The rear surface is coated with a laser anti-reflection film. The laser high-reflection film coated on the front surface of the gain medium is used as a laser The input coupling mirror and the laser output coupling mirror together form a laser resonator. The laser gain medium is laser crystal, laser ceramic, laser glass. The laser gain medium is located near the weakest position in the center of the pumping light output by the conical refraction of the biaxial crystal behind the focal point of the focusing lens. The laser output coupling mirror is a plane mirror or a concave mirror that partially transmits and partially reflects the laser.
下面分别结合上述三种技术解决方案，阐述本发明的原理。The principles of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the above three technical solutions respectively.
方案一：线偏振的泵浦光经过四分之一波片后会变成圆偏振光，一束圆偏振泵浦激光经透镜聚焦后通过沿任意一个光轴方向切割的双轴晶体后会产生内锥折射现象，也就是通过双轴晶体后在一段的距离内激光会变成环形激光传播，将激光晶体全部或者部分置于这段环形激光输出的范围内，此时激光晶体与激光输出耦合镜一起就形成环形激光泵浦固体激光器，在超过激光器泵浦阈值之后，继续提高泵浦功率，输出耦合镜之后就可以获得拉盖尔-高斯激光输出。Solution 1: The linearly polarized pump light will become circularly polarized light after passing through a quarter-wave plate, and a beam of circularly polarized pump laser light will be produced after being focused by a lens and passing through a biaxial crystal cut along any optical axis direction. Inner cone refraction phenomenon, that is, after passing through the biaxial crystal, the laser will become a ring laser propagation within a certain distance, and all or part of the laser crystal is placed within the range of this ring laser output. At this time, the laser crystal is coupled with the laser output The mirrors together form a ring laser pumped solid-state laser. After the pumping threshold of the laser is exceeded, the pump power continues to increase, and the Laguerre-Gaussian laser output can be obtained after the output coupling mirror.
方案二：部分偏振的泵浦光经过四分之一波片后调节四分之一波片的快轴方向，可以使泵浦光变成非偏振光，一束非偏振泵浦激光经透镜聚焦后通过沿任意一个光轴方向切割的双轴晶体后会产生内锥折射现象，也就是通过双轴晶体后在一段的距离内激光会变成环形激光传播，将激光晶体全部或者部分置于这段环形激光输出的范围内，此时激光晶体与激光输出耦合镜一起就形成环形激光泵浦固体激光器，在超过激光器泵浦阈值之后，继续提高泵浦功率，输出耦合镜之后就可以获得拉盖尔-高斯激光输出。Solution 2: After the partially polarized pump light passes through the quarter-wave plate, adjust the fast axis direction of the quarter-wave plate to make the pump light into non-polarized light, and a beam of non-polarized pump laser light is focused by the lens After passing through the biaxial crystal cut along any optical axis direction, the inner cone refraction phenomenon will occur, that is, after passing through the biaxial crystal, the laser will become a ring laser propagation within a certain distance, and all or part of the laser crystal is placed in this At this time, the laser crystal and the laser output coupling mirror together form a ring laser pumped solid-state laser. After exceeding the pumping threshold of the laser, continue to increase the pump power, and the cover can be obtained after the output coupling mirror Gaussian laser output.
方案三：圆偏振的或者非偏振的泵浦光经透镜聚焦，然后通过沿任意一个光轴方向切割的双轴晶体后会产生内锥折射现象，也就是通过双轴晶体后在一段的距离内激光会变成环形激光传播，将激光晶体全部或者部分置于这段环形激光输出的范围内，此时激光晶体与激光输出耦合镜一起就形成环形激光泵浦固体激光器，在超过激光器泵浦阈值之后，继续提高泵浦功率，输出耦合镜之后就可以获得拉盖尔-高斯激光输出。Scheme 3: The circularly polarized or non-polarized pump light is focused by the lens, and then passes through the biaxial crystal cut along any optical axis direction, and the internal cone refraction phenomenon will occur, that is, within a certain distance after passing through the biaxial crystal The laser will become a ring laser propagation, and all or part of the laser crystal is placed within the range of this ring laser output. At this time, the laser crystal and the laser output coupling mirror form a ring laser pumped solid-state laser. When the laser pumping threshold is exceeded After that, continue to increase the pump power, and the Laguerre-Gaussian laser output can be obtained after the output coupling mirror.
本发明具有如下优点：The present invention has the following advantages:
1、通过双轴晶体的锥形折射将泵浦光转换为环形泵浦光，转换效率接近于100％，转换效率高，从而使泵浦光到输出拉盖尔-高斯激光时的光-光效率高；1. The pump light is converted into annular pump light through the conical refraction of the biaxial crystal, the conversion efficiency is close to 100%, and the conversion efficiency is high, so that the light-light of the pump light to the output Laguerre-Gauss laser efficient;
2、通过双轴晶体锥形折射将泵浦光转换为环形泵浦光，结构简单，易实现；2. The pump light is converted into annular pump light through biaxial crystal cone refraction, which is simple in structure and easy to realize;
3、通过双轴晶体锥形折射将泵浦光转换为环形泵浦光，对温度环境没有特殊要求，不用加冷却装置，装置适应性强；3. The pumping light is converted into annular pumping light through biaxial crystal conical refraction. There is no special requirement for the temperature environment, no cooling device is needed, and the device has strong adaptability;
4、本发明采用的是端泵耦合系统，激光增益介质的前表面镀有的激光高反膜与激光输出耦合镜构成平平腔或者平凹腔，可以获得高质量的拉盖尔-高斯光束输出。4. The present invention adopts an end-pump coupling system. The laser high-reflection film coated on the front surface of the laser gain medium and the laser output coupling mirror form a flat cavity or a flat concave cavity, which can obtain high-quality Laguerre-Gaussian beam output .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明基于锥形折射环形光泵浦的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器的第一实施例示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser pumped based on the conical refraction ring light of the present invention.
图2是本发明基于锥形折射环形光泵浦的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器的第二实施例示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser pumped based on the conical refraction ring light of the present invention.
图3是本发明基于锥形折射环形光泵浦的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器的第三实施例示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser pumped based on conical refraction ring light according to the present invention.
图中，1-泵浦源、2-四分之一波片、3-聚焦透镜、4-双轴晶体、5-激光增益介质、6-激光输出耦合镜。In the figure, 1-pump source, 2-quarter wave plate, 3-focusing lens, 4-biaxial crystal, 5-laser gain medium, 6-laser output coupling mirror.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下分别结合所附图和实施例对本发明三种方案实施方式进行说明。The implementation modes of the three schemes of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples respectively.
实施例1：Example 1:
结合示意图1，一种基于双轴晶体锥形折射环形光泵浦的高效率一阶或更高阶的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器，包括输出光束为线偏振光的泵浦源1、四分之一波片2、聚焦透镜3、双轴晶体4、激光增益介质5和激光输出镜6，其中四分之一波片2、聚焦透镜3、双轴晶体4、激光增益介质5和激光输出镜6与输出光束为线偏振光的泵浦源1的泵浦光同光轴。Combined with schematic diagram 1, a high-efficiency first-order or higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser based on biaxial crystal conical refraction ring light pumping, including pump sources 1 and 4 whose output beam is linearly polarized light Quarter wave plate 2, focusing lens 3, biaxial crystal 4, laser gain medium 5 and laser output mirror 6, wherein quarter wave plate 2, focusing lens 3, biaxial crystal 4, laser gain medium 5 and laser The output mirror 6 is on the same optical axis as the pump light of the pump source 1 whose output beam is linearly polarized light.
泵浦源1发出的线偏振光通过四分之一波片2后变成圆偏振泵浦光，之后圆偏振泵浦光经过聚焦透镜3聚焦后通过双轴晶体4后产生锥形折射现象，在双轴晶体4后的一段距离内泵浦光会变为环形泵浦光传播，激光晶体5的全部或者部分置于这段距离之内，这样激光晶体5与后面的激光输出耦合镜6就构成了环形光泵浦的固体激光器，在泵浦光达到阈值产生激光输出后，继续提高功率，就可以获得拉盖尔-高斯激光光束输出。The linearly polarized light emitted by the pump source 1 passes through the quarter-wave plate 2 and becomes circularly polarized pump light, and then the circularly polarized pump light is focused by the focusing lens 3 and passes through the biaxial crystal 4 to produce a conical refraction phenomenon. In a certain distance behind the biaxial crystal 4, the pumping light will become annular pumping light propagation, and all or part of the laser crystal 5 is placed within this distance, so that the laser crystal 5 and the laser output coupling mirror 6 behind The solid-state laser that constitutes the ring light pump can obtain the Laguerre-Gaussian laser beam output after the pump light reaches the threshold to generate laser output, and then continue to increase the power.
实施例2：结合示意图2，一种基于双轴晶体锥形折射环形光泵浦的高效率一阶或更高阶的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器，包括输出光束为部分偏振光的泵浦源1、四分之一波片2、聚焦透镜3、双轴晶体4、激光增益介质5和激光输出镜6，其中四分之一波片2、聚焦透镜3、双轴晶体4、激光增益介质5和激光输出耦合镜6与输出光束为部分偏振光的泵浦源1的泵浦光同光轴。Embodiment 2: In combination with schematic diagram 2, a high-efficiency first-order or higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser based on biaxial crystal conical refraction ring light pumping, including a pump whose output beam is partially polarized light Source 1, quarter wave plate 2, focusing lens 3, biaxial crystal 4, laser gain medium 5 and laser output mirror 6, wherein quarter wave plate 2, focusing lens 3, biaxial crystal 4, laser gain The medium 5 and the laser output coupling mirror 6 are on the same optical axis as the pump light of the pump source 1 whose output beam is partially polarized light.
泵浦源1发出的部分偏振光通过四分之一波片2后，调节四分之一波片快轴方向使得泵浦光变成非偏振泵浦光，之后非偏振泵浦光经过聚焦透镜3聚焦后通过双轴晶体4后产生锥形折射现象，在双轴晶体4后的一段距离内泵浦光会变为环形泵浦光传播，激光晶体5的全部或者部分置于这段距离之内，这样激光晶体5与后面的激光输出耦合镜6就构成了环形光泵浦的固体激光器，在泵浦光达到阈值产生激光输出后，继续提高功率，就可以获得拉盖尔-高斯激光光束输出。After the partially polarized light emitted by the pump source 1 passes through the quarter-wave plate 2, the direction of the fast axis of the quarter-wave plate is adjusted so that the pump light becomes unpolarized pump light, and then the unpolarized pump light passes through the focusing lens 3 After focusing, a cone-shaped refraction phenomenon will be generated after passing through the biaxial crystal 4, and the pump light will become a circular pump light propagation within a certain distance behind the biaxial crystal 4, and all or part of the laser crystal 5 is placed within this distance In this way, the laser crystal 5 and the laser output coupling mirror 6 behind constitute a solid-state laser pumped by ring light. After the pump light reaches the threshold to generate laser output, continue to increase the power to obtain a Laguerre-Gaussian laser beam output.
实施例3：结合示意图3，一种是基于双轴晶体锥形折射环形光泵浦的高效率一阶或更高阶的拉盖尔-高斯光束固体激光器，包括输出光束为圆偏振光或者非偏振光束泵浦源1、聚焦透镜3、双轴晶体4、激光增益介质5和激光输出耦合镜6，其中聚焦透镜3、双轴晶体4、激光增益介质5和激光输出镜6与输出光束为圆偏振光或者非偏振光束泵浦源1的泵浦光同光轴。Embodiment 3: In conjunction with schematic diagram 3, one is a high-efficiency first-order or higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid-state laser pumped based on biaxial crystal conical refraction ring light, including output beams that are circularly polarized or non-polarized Polarized beam pumping source 1, focusing lens 3, biaxial crystal 4, laser gain medium 5, and laser output coupling mirror 6, wherein the focusing lens 3, biaxial crystal 4, laser gain medium 5, and laser output mirror 6 are related to the output beam as Circularly polarized light or the pump light of the non-polarized beam pump source 1 is on the same optical axis.
泵浦源1发出的非偏振泵浦光经过聚焦透镜3聚焦，然后通过双轴晶体4后产生锥形折射现象，在双轴晶体4后的一段距离内泵浦光会变为环形泵浦光传播，激光晶体5的全部或者部分置于这段距离之内，这样激光晶体5与后面的激光输出耦合镜6就构成了环形光泵浦的固体激光器，在泵浦光达到阈值产生激光输出后，继续提高功率，就可以获得拉盖尔-高斯激光光束输出。The non-polarized pump light emitted by the pump source 1 is focused by the focusing lens 3, and then passes through the biaxial crystal 4 to produce a conical refraction phenomenon, and the pump light will become annular pump light within a certain distance behind the biaxial crystal 4 All or part of the laser crystal 5 is placed within this distance, so that the laser crystal 5 and the laser output coupling mirror 6 behind constitute a solid-state laser pumped by ring light. After the pump light reaches the threshold to generate laser output , and continue to increase the power, the Laguerre-Gaussian laser beam output can be obtained.
上述3个实施例中的双轴晶体4是沿着其任意一个光轴方向切割的双轴晶体，双轴晶体4的切割所沿光轴方向分别与泵浦源的泵浦光的通光光轴方向平行。由于双轴晶体4的两个光轴方向与波长有关，切割所沿的双轴晶体4的光轴方向可以准确对应于泵浦光的波长，也可以不对应于泵浦光的波长。The biaxial crystal 4 in the above-mentioned 3 embodiments is a biaxial crystal cut along any one of its optical axis directions, and the biaxial crystal 4 is cut along the optical axis direction with the pumping light of the pumping source respectively. Axes are parallel to each other. Since the directions of the two optical axes of the biaxial crystal 4 are related to the wavelength, the direction of the optical axis of the biaxial crystal 4 along which the cutting can be exactly corresponds to the wavelength of the pumping light, or does not need to correspond to the wavelength of the pumping light.
激光增益介质5可以是激光晶体，比如掺钕的钇铝石榴石晶体，也可以是激光玻璃或者激光陶瓷。The laser gain medium 5 can be a laser crystal, such as a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal, or it can be a laser glass or a laser ceramic.
激光增益介质5前表面镀有泵浦光增透膜和激光高反膜，后表面镀有激光增透膜，激光增益介质5前表面镀的激光高反膜与激光输出耦合镜6共同构成本发明激光器的激光谐振腔。The front surface of laser gain medium 5 is coated with pump light anti-reflection film and laser high-reflection film, and the rear surface is coated with laser anti-reflection film. The laser high-reflection film coated on the front surface of laser gain medium 5 and laser output coupling mirror 6 together constitute the cost Invention of laser resonators for lasers.
激光输出耦合镜6是对于激光部分透射部分反射的平面镜或者凹面镜，用于激光输出。The laser output coupling mirror 6 is a plane mirror or a concave mirror that partially transmits and partially reflects the laser, and is used for laser output.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510834679.9A CN106785872A (en) | 2015-11-25 | 2015-11-25 | Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid state laser based on conical refraction annular optical pumping |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510834679.9A CN106785872A (en) | 2015-11-25 | 2015-11-25 | Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid state laser based on conical refraction annular optical pumping |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106785872A true CN106785872A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
Family
ID=58965396
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510834679.9A Pending CN106785872A (en) | 2015-11-25 | 2015-11-25 | Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid state laser based on conical refraction annular optical pumping |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106785872A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108023267A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | High-order Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid state laser |
| CN112736632A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Structured light laser with built-in diffraction lens |
| CN114284849A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-05 | 云南大学 | Adjustable vortex phase orthogonal cylindrical vector laser based on zoom hollow optical pump |
| CN114498272A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-05-13 | 深圳大学 | Intermediate infrared vector vortex optical rotation generating device and method |
| CN115036782A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-09-09 | 上海理工大学 | Switching method of vortex beam, flat top beam and Gaussian beam and solid-state laser |
| CN115579719A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-06 | 北京理工大学 | Single-frequency vortex laser |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102388334A (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2012-03-21 | 敦提大学 | Novel photonic devices based on conical refraction |
| CN102570262A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Hollow ring-shaped light beam output solid laser and using method therefor |
| US20140044143A1 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2014-02-13 | William Andrew Clarkson | Laser with a tailored axially symmetric pump beam profile by mode conversion a waveguide |
| CN104701726A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-06-10 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Cylindrical vector pulse laser device based on walk-off effect of birefringent crystal |
-
2015
- 2015-11-25 CN CN201510834679.9A patent/CN106785872A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102388334A (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2012-03-21 | 敦提大学 | Novel photonic devices based on conical refraction |
| US20140044143A1 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2014-02-13 | William Andrew Clarkson | Laser with a tailored axially symmetric pump beam profile by mode conversion a waveguide |
| CN102570262A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Hollow ring-shaped light beam output solid laser and using method therefor |
| CN104701726A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-06-10 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Cylindrical vector pulse laser device based on walk-off effect of birefringent crystal |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108023267A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | High-order Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid state laser |
| CN112736632A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Structured light laser with built-in diffraction lens |
| CN114498272A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-05-13 | 深圳大学 | Intermediate infrared vector vortex optical rotation generating device and method |
| CN114284849A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-05 | 云南大学 | Adjustable vortex phase orthogonal cylindrical vector laser based on zoom hollow optical pump |
| CN114284849B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-01-09 | 云南大学 | Adjustable vortex phase orthogonal cylindrical column vector laser based on zooming hollow optical pumping |
| CN115036782A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-09-09 | 上海理工大学 | Switching method of vortex beam, flat top beam and Gaussian beam and solid-state laser |
| CN115579719A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-06 | 北京理工大学 | Single-frequency vortex laser |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106785872A (en) | Laguerre-Gaussian beam solid state laser based on conical refraction annular optical pumping | |
| CN103594918B (en) | A kind of method and apparatus exporting hollow laser beam | |
| CN105071206B (en) | A kind of vortex laser based on laser medium center zero gain structure | |
| CN102842847B (en) | An Intracavity Single Resonant Optical Parametric Oscillator | |
| US5359622A (en) | Radial polarization laser resonator | |
| CN102684061B (en) | All solid-state angular momentum tunable laser device with stable pulse energy | |
| CN107681426B (en) | A kind of column symmetry vector light solid state laser that polarization is continuously adjustable | |
| CN109038196B (en) | A Device for Directly Generating Narrow Linewidth Vortex Lasers | |
| CN103715593A (en) | Single-frequency intermediate infrared light source system of 2-micron fiber laser pump | |
| CN103326224B (en) | A kind of radial polarization beam laser | |
| CN107526176A (en) | The method that intracavitary directly produces exponent number adjustable cyclone light beam | |
| CN106848814A (en) | A kind of high power post vector optical fiber laser based on linear counterfeit laser cavity | |
| CN106898937A (en) | The alkali metal laser of the axial pumping of semiconductor laser side face coupling | |
| CN114784606B (en) | Laguerre-Gaussian beam generating device and method | |
| CN102891431A (en) | Solid laser oscillator capable of outputting annular laser distribution | |
| CN103199427B (en) | Intracavity single-resonance optical parametric oscillator | |
| CN103594910A (en) | Solid laser for end face pumping through annular light | |
| WO2015074244A1 (en) | Radial polarization thin-disk laser | |
| CN203339467U (en) | A radially polarized beam laser | |
| JP4734642B2 (en) | Cylindrical Symmetric Polarized Laser Resonator | |
| CN113904208A (en) | High-purity Laguerre Gaussian beam generation system and generation method thereof | |
| CN102684052B (en) | Laser unstable resonator capable of outputting solid light beam and application of laser unstable resonator | |
| CN103887695B (en) | Laser transmitting radial polarized beams based on conical uniaxial crystal | |
| CN116345286A (en) | A multi-mode vortex laser with adjustable order | |
| CN103887696B (en) | Export the laser instrument of tangential polarized beam |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20170531 |