CN106774000B - Control system and control method of sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device - Google Patents
Control system and control method of sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106774000B CN106774000B CN201710031508.1A CN201710031508A CN106774000B CN 106774000 B CN106774000 B CN 106774000B CN 201710031508 A CN201710031508 A CN 201710031508A CN 106774000 B CN106774000 B CN 106774000B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
- G05B19/0423—Input/output
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
- B01F35/22—Control or regulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
- B01F35/22—Control or regulation
- B01F35/2201—Control or regulation characterised by the type of control technique used
- B01F35/2209—Controlling the mixing process as a whole, i.e. involving a complete monitoring and controlling of the mixing process during the whole mixing cycle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/80—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed
- B01F35/83—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed by controlling the ratio of two or more flows, e.g. using flow sensing or flow controlling devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/32—Mixing fertiliser ingredients
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
- G05B2219/25257—Microcontroller
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a control system and a control method of a sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device; the device comprises an embedded main controller, an isolation buffer unit, an execution unit, a liquid crystal display screen and a power module; the embedded main controller is connected with the execution unit through the isolation buffer unit; the execution unit consists of a stepping motor driver and a stepping motor; the liquid crystal display screen is connected with the embedded main controller through a data line and a control line; according to the invention, by setting the fertilizer discharge proportion formula, the single-step fertilizer discharge quality of different fertilizers is calibrated, and different types of fertilizers are uniformly mixed; the invention can mix various fertilizer variables, can realize accurate proportioning of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to different soils, different environments and different crops, and fully utilizes the production capacity of the soils; has the advantages of high precision of fertilizer discharge, high mixing degree, good stability, simple and convenient operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control system and a control method of a sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device, and belongs to an intelligent control system in the field of agricultural machinery and equipment.
Background
In recent years, various scientific research institutions and institutions are researching variable rate fertiliser devices in China, but most of the development is improved on the traditional machine type, only one type of fertilizer variable rate fertilization can be carried out, and if the fertilizer is carried with simple substance fertilizer, the fertiliser devices need to repeatedly work continuously in order to meet the requirements of fields on various nutrients and trace elements, so that the consumption of manpower and material resources is increased. Nowadays, chemical fertilizers are more and more, rich and various, and most of farmers use the compound fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer has the advantages of rich nutrient elements and good physical properties, can relatively meet the requirements of agricultural production, and can promote the high and stable yield of crops. However, the compound fertilizer has the defects that in actual operation, the nutrition types, the quantity and the proportion required by different soils, different environments and different crops are different, but the compound fertilizer is produced by fixing various nutrition proportions and cannot be distributed as required, so that the excessive nutrient elements in the soil can be finally caused, the absorption of other nutrient elements by the crops can be influenced, or the nutrient elements in the soil can be insufficient, and the normal growth of the crops is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a control system and a control method of a sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device; the aim is to provide an intelligent control system for realizing variable mixing of fertilizer according to formula, which can realize: the method has the advantages of setting a fertilizer discharge proportion formula, calibrating single-step fertilizer discharge quality of different fertilizers, uniformly mixing different types of fertilizers, intuitively displaying the working condition on a 19264 liquid crystal display screen, along with high fertilizer discharge accuracy, high mixing degree, good stability, simplicity and convenience in operation and the like.
The invention can mix various fertilizer variables, can realize accurate proportioning of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to different soils, different environments and different crops, and fully utilizes the production capacity of the soils. Not only can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, but also is greatly helpful for improving soil environment.
An intelligent control system of a sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device comprises an embedded main controller, an isolation buffer unit, an execution unit, a liquid crystal display screen and a power module.
And the embedded main controller selects the STM32 chip as a main control MCU. The STM32 chip controls the rotating speed required by fertilizer discharge of each stepping motor, and generates pulse signals to be output to the isolation buffer unit by adjusting pulse frequency.
The isolation buffer unit is a 74LS244 chip, the embedded main controller is connected with the execution unit through the isolation buffer unit, current recoil is prevented from burning the STM32 chip, meanwhile, the 74LS244 amplifies the driving current of the pins, and the driving performance of the main controller is enhanced.
The execution unit comprises a stepping motor driver and a stepping motor; the stepping motor driver receives the pulse signal and drives the stepping motor to rotate in a set direction.
The liquid crystal display is connected with the embedded main controller through a data line and a control line, the data line is an I/O signal, and the control line is an input signal and is used for transmitting data, commands and states between the liquid crystal display and the main controller.
The power supply module comprises a switching power supply and a voltage reduction module; the switching power supply stably converts the mains supply into one path of 36V direct current voltage to be supplied to the stepping motor driver, and simultaneously converts the 36V direct current voltage into three paths of 5V direct current voltage to be supplied to the embedded main controller, the liquid crystal display module and the isolation buffer module.
A method for controlling impact of a sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device comprises the following steps:
(1) By calibrating the fertilizer discharge amount G when each stepping motor rotates for 2000 steps a (a＝1,2,3,…n)，G a Units: g;
according to the formula (1), the single-step fertilizer discharge amount g of each sheave is calculated x (x＝1,2,3,…n)g x Units: g;
g x ＝G a /2000(a,x＝1,2,3,…n) (1)
(2) The embedded main controller sets the fertilizer quality G according to each grooved pulley x (x＝1,2,3,…n)G x Units: g; respectively calculating the number of steps N required to rotate by each stepping motor according to a formula (2) x (x＝1,2,3,…n)N x Units: step, step (2);
N x ＝G x /g x (x＝1,2,3,…n) (2)
(3) To ensure the mixing degree of variable fertilizer discharge, four sheaves simultaneously finish respective operations within the same time TThe fertilizer discharge amount, namely the normalization in time is required to be ensured, and the rotating speed V of each stepping motor is calculated according to the formula (3) x (units: steps/sec);
V x ＝N x /T(x＝1,2,3,…n) (3)
(4) The embedded main controller controls the rotating speed of the stepping motor by adjusting the frequency of the output pulse, and variable fertilizer discharge with good mixing degree is completed.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention has the advantages of high fertilizer discharging accuracy, high mixing degree of different fertilizers, good stability, simple operation and the like, and can meet the intelligent control of the variable fertilizer discharging and blending device.
2. The optimal matching of the human and the machine can be ensured, and the accessories are standard components, so that the cost is low, and the machine is stable and reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structure diagram of an intelligent control system.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the intelligent control system.
In the figure:
1. the device comprises a grooved wheel type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device, a stepping motor driver, an embedded main controller, a liquid crystal display screen, a power module and an isolation buffer unit.
Detailed Description
The control system is arranged on the existing grooved wheel type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device;
example 1: reference is made to fig. 1. An intelligent control system of a sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device comprises an embedded main controller, an isolation buffer unit, an execution unit, a liquid crystal display module and a power module.
The embedded master controller selects an STM32F103VCT6 chip as a master MCU chip. The STM32 chip calculates the single-step fertilizer discharge amount g of each sheave through calibrating the fertilizer discharge amount of each stepping motor when rotating 2000 steps x (x=1, 2,3, … n); when the formula of variable fertilizer discharge is selected, the embedded main controller is used for controlling the fertilizer quality G of each grooved pulley x (x=1, 2,3, … n), each step of completing fertilizer discharge is calculatedStep number N of motor rotation x (x=1, 2,3, … n), the pulse frequency output by the main controller is adjusted to control the rotating speed of the stepping motor, and a pulse signal is generated and output to the isolation buffer unit.
The isolation buffer unit is composed of a 74LS244 chip, the embedded main controller is connected with the execution unit through the isolation buffer unit, current recoil is prevented from burning the STM32 chip, meanwhile, the 74LS244 amplifies the driving current of the pins, and the driving performance of the main controller is enhanced.
The executing unit is composed of 4 groups of HB542 type stepping motor drivers and 57BYG250-76 type stepping motors, when the stepping driver receives a pulse signal, the stepping driver drives the stepping motor to rotate a fixed angle according to a set direction, and the angular displacement can be controlled by controlling the number of pulses, so that the purpose of accurate positioning is achieved. And a stepping motor in the execution unit receives the PWM signal sent by the main control MCU to complete the variable fertilizer discharging and blending task.
The liquid crystal display unit is an output device which is formed by assembling devices such as a row driver S6B0107 chip, a column driver S6B0108 chip, a display memory, a 192 multiplied by 64 graphic liquid crystal screen and the like into a whole through a PCB. The liquid crystal display unit is connected with the MCU micro-controller unit through 8 data lines and 6 control lines, the data lines are I/O signals, and the control lines are input signals and are used for transmitting data, commands and states between the liquid crystal display unit and the main control MCU.
The power supply module consists of a JM-360W-36V switching power supply and a DC36V-5V voltage reduction module, and the switching power supply is mainly used for stably converting a mains supply into one path of 36V direct current voltage to be supplied to a stepping motor driver, and simultaneously converting the 36V direct current voltage into three paths of 5V direct current voltage to be supplied to an embedded main controller, a liquid crystal display module and an isolation buffer module.
An impact mixing algorithm of a sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device comprises the following steps:
(1) By calibrating the fertilizer discharge amount G of 2000 steps of rotation of each stepping motor a (a＝1,2,3,…n)，G a Units: g; according to the formula (1), the single-step fertilizer discharge amount g of each sheave is calculated x (x＝1,2,3,…n)，g x Units: g;
g x ＝G a /2000(a,x＝1,2,3,…n) (1)
(2) The embedded main controller sets the fertilizer quality G according to each grooved pulley x (x＝1,2,3,…n)G x Units: the step number N of each stepping motor required to rotate is calculated according to the formula (2) x (x＝1,2,3,…n)，N x Units: step, step (2);
N x ＝G x /g x (x＝1,2,3,…n) (2)
(3) In order to ensure the mixing degree of variable fertilizer discharge, each sheave needs to complete the respective fertilizer discharge amount within the same time T, namely, normalization in time is required, and the rotating speed V of each stepping motor is calculated according to a formula (3) x Units: step/s;
V x ＝N x /T(x＝1,2,3,…n) (3)
(4) The embedded main controller controls the rotating speed of the stepping motor by adjusting the frequency of the output pulse, and variable fertilizer discharge with good mixing degree is completed.
Claims (3)
1. An intelligent control system of a sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device is characterized by comprising an embedded main controller, an isolation buffer unit, an execution unit, a liquid crystal display screen and a power module;
the embedded main controller controls the rotating speed required by fertilizer discharge of each stepping motor, and generates pulse signals to be output to the isolation buffer unit by adjusting pulse frequency:
the embedded main controller is connected with the execution unit through the isolation buffer unit, so that current backflushing is prevented from burning the embedded main controller, and meanwhile, the driving current of the pins is amplified, and the driving performance of the embedded main controller is enhanced;
the execution unit comprises a stepping motor driver and a stepping motor; the stepping motor driver receives the pulse signal and drives the stepping motor to rotate according to a set direction;
the liquid crystal display screen is connected with the embedded main controller through a data line and a control line, the data line is an I/0 signal, and the control line is an input signal and is used for transmitting data, commands and states between the liquid crystal display screen and the main controller;
the power supply module comprises a switching power supply and a voltage reduction module, wherein the switching power supply stably converts a mains supply into one path of 36V direct current voltage to be supplied to a stepping motor driver, and simultaneously converts the 36V direct current voltage into three paths of 5V direct current voltage to be supplied to an embedded main controller, a liquid crystal display module and an isolation buffer module;
the impact control method of the intelligent control system of the sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device comprises the following steps: 1) By calibrating the fertilizer discharge amount Ga (a=1, 2,3, … n) at 2000 steps of rotation of each stepping motor, ga unit: g; calculating single-step fertilizer discharge amount gx (x=1, 2,3, … n) gx units of each sheave according to the formula (1): g;
gx=Ga/2000(a,x=1,2,3,…n) （1）
the embedded main controller sets the fertilizer quality Gx (x=1, 2,3, … n) Gx unit according to each sheave: g; the number of steps Nx (x=1, 2,3, … n) of each stepper motor required to be rotated is calculated according to formula (2) Nx units: step, step (2);
Nx=Gx/gx(x=1,2,3,…n) （2）
in order to ensure the mixing degree of variable fertilizer discharge, four sheaves need to finish respective fertilizer discharge amounts in the same time T at the same time, namely normalization in the time is required to be ensured, and the rotation speeds Vx and Vx units of each stepping motor are calculated according to a formula (3): step/s;
Vx=Nx/T(x=1,2,3,…n) （3）
4) The embedded main controller controls the rotating speed of the stepping motor by adjusting the frequency of the output pulse, and variable fertilizer discharge is completed.
2. The intelligent control system of the sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device according to claim 1, wherein the embedded main controller is an STM32 chip.
3. The intelligent control system of the sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device according to claim 1, wherein the isolation buffer unit is a 74LS244 chip.
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| CN201710031508.1A CN106774000B (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2017-01-17 | Control system and control method of sheave type variable fertilizer discharging and blending device |
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| CN106774000B true CN106774000B (en) | 2023-08-18 |
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2017
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