CN106772377A - A kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR - Google Patents
A kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR Download PDFInfo
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- CN106772377A CN106772377A CN201710033255.1A CN201710033255A CN106772377A CN 106772377 A CN106772377 A CN 106772377A CN 201710033255 A CN201710033255 A CN 201710033255A CN 106772377 A CN106772377 A CN 106772377A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
- G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
- G01B15/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR, comprise the following steps：S1 filters out InSAR initial data；S2 is extracted and screening PS points in monitored area；The removal of the geometric phase of S3 PS points；The resolving of S4 building space deformation quantities；S5 calculates building inclination rate according to the deformation quantity for calculating；S6 is monitored on time dimension, repeats above procedure, obtains monitoring difference, obtains building deformation quantity and rate of deformation.The present invention, to Deformation Field, space interpolation is carried out to sight line to coherence in Deformation Field by using InSAR technical limit spacing building radar line of sights less than the pixel that solution twines threshold value, obtains the continuous Deformation Field in space；By the data processing to obtaining and calculate the deformation and the rate of deformation that obtain building, for the monitoring of building provide it is a kind of on a large scale, low-cost and easy-to in the method for long term monitoring, effectively the acceleration of building can be deformed and make early warning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to deformation monitoring method, more specifically to a kind of building based on interference synthetic aperture radar
Composition deformation monitoring method.
Background technology
As the process of development and the urbanization of national economy is constantly advanced, increasing intensive building is pulled out in cities and towns
Ground and rise；While surface structures is constantly newly-built, the underground space in city is also constantly being exploited and is utilizing, subway tunnel
Road, underground pipe gallery, underground traffic road etc. are also constantly newly-built.The problem brought therefrom is exactly that the underground space exists
Constantly emptied, the foundation condition of above ground structure also just there occurs change.The change of foundation condition may cause building to incline
Tiltedly, deform, or even the loss caused casualties with property of collapsing, so it is strong to monitor building to need a kind of efficient method
Health and safety.
In recent years, aerospace field synthetic aperture radar（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）Technology is not
Disconnected development, for its application in civil construction field provides technological reserve.Synthetic aperture radar passes through spaceborne and airborne, with it
The earth observation that high-resolution, round-the-clock, round-the-clock, the data retrieval capabilities of large area have turned into countries in the world most attention is distant
Sense technology.Interfering synthetic aperture radar（Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, InSAR）Technology is most
Basic principle is by means of two width or two width above SAR images for covering same area, using being included in SAR images
In phase information extract radar antenna and arrive the distance between earth's surface, carry out phase interference treatment, join with reference to the attitude of radar
Number rebuilds the digital elevation model (DEM) of earth's surface.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the defect of prior art, there is provided a kind of building based on InSAR
Composition deformation monitoring method.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of building deformation based on InSAR of construction
Monitoring method, comprises the following steps：
S1 filters out InSAR initial data；
S2 is extracted and screening PS points in monitored area；
The removal of the geometric phase of S3 PS points；
The resolving of S4 building space deformation quantities；
S5 calculates building inclination rate according to the deformation quantity for calculating；
S6 is monitored on time dimension, repeats above procedure, obtains monitoring difference, obtains building deformation quantity and deformation speed
Rate.
In a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR of the present invention, in step sl, from same field
In the multiple image interference data sequences of N width SAR that scape is obtained, a main image is chosen, then all images are all accurately matched somebody with somebody with main image
It is accurate；According to make it is all interference to time reference line and the optimal principle of Space Baseline, be main image with a SAR images, remaining
N-1 image is, from image, to form N-1 interference right.
It is in step s 2, special in scattering in a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR of the present invention
Property aspect, the building of this area, large-sized artificial atural object may be constructed the strong scattering of the stabilization such as dihedral angle, trihedral angle, and shows
It is the relevant point target of height, is easy to the application of time series InSAR technologies；After obtaining PS Candidate Sets, the region to pre-monitoring is entered
The further process of refinement of row, PS points are extracted using amplitude deviation and temporal coherence dual thresholds, and base is detected in amplitude deviation
On plinth, the information in impact point time series is estimated, the PS points for meeting and requiring are extracted with time coherence factor, improve estimation essence
Degree, time coherence coefficientIt is the function for interfering map number and pixel time series phase, is defined as
In formula,It is the quantity of interference pattern,It is differential interferometry phase,It is the phase that spatial domain LPF is obtained,It is landform phase；After completing amplitude deviation, the extraction of time coherence coefficient dual thresholds, the region that be directed to monitoring carry out PS
That puts is selected.
In a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR of the present invention, in step s3, PS is being chosen
During point, using image orbital data and known outside DEM removals level land phase and landform phase, calculate DEM errors with it is vertical
The proportional relation of baseline, whether corresponding pixel is sufficiently stable in judging image by calculating ratio value size, and then considers it
Whether PS point can be defined as.
It is in step s 4, dry from difference in a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR of the present invention
Application least square method is estimated in relating to phase, removes the linear deformation increment and DEM errors of each PS point, and carry out three-dimensional
Space-time solution is twined, and atmospheric phase is removed using spatio-temporal filtering method, the rate of deformation and elevation of PS points is obtained, by it perpendicular to ground
Face is projected, and obtains the deformation quantity of building dimensional parameters sum；Including width b, A, B point-to-point transmissions between AB points on building highly
Difference。
In a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR of the present invention, in step s 5, a width of AB in building
=b, the differential settlement that 2 points of roof A, B is=, then slope of the building on AB directions be：
Inclination angle is：
Assuming thatMoment measures inclination angle, thenThe change at time period introversion oblique angle is turned to。
Implement a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR of the invention, have the advantages that：
Method the invention provides a kind of utilization InSAR interference to obtaining building three-dimensional shaped variable field in itself, by using
InSAR technical limit spacing building radar line of sights twine the pixel of threshold value to sight line to coherence in Deformation Field to Deformation Field less than solution
Space interpolation is carried out, the continuous Deformation Field in space is obtained；The deformation of building is obtained by the data processing to obtaining and calculating
And rate of deformation, for the monitoring of building provide it is a kind of on a large scale, low-cost and easy-to in the method for long term monitoring, can be effectively right
Early warning is made in the acceleration deformation of building.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that a kind of building inclination of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR of the invention calculates schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that a kind of building roof bottom centre point of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR of the invention is relative
Seek the integral inclined calculating schematic diagram of building in position.
Fig. 4 is using the PS-In main implementation process figures of SAR technical limit spacing building deformations.
Fig. 5 is interference to combination diagram.
Fig. 6 is PS point distribution maps.
Fig. 7 is certain cell rate of settling distribution map.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of flow chart of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR of the invention, a kind of base
Comprised the following steps in the building deformation monitoring method of InSAR：InSAR initial data is screened,
In the multiple image interference data sequences of N width SAR obtained from Same Scene, a main image is chosen, then all images are all same
Main image accuracy registration.
According to make it is all interference to time reference line and the optimal principle of Space Baseline, be main image with a SAR images, its
N-1 remaining image is, from image, to form N-1 interference right.From the multiple image interference data sequences of N width SAR that Same Scene is obtained
In row, a main image is chosen, then all images are all with main image accuracy registration.During this have chosen -2011 2007
18 scape Terra SAR-X high-resolution band pattern SAR datas are tested, and SAR images size is arranged for 25000 row × 10000,
Area coverage about 50 × 20km2.
According to make it is all interference to time reference line and the optimal principle of Space Baseline, with the SAR images of 2010-01-03
It is main image, remaining 17 scape image is, from image, to form 17 interference right.Interference is to information as shown in figure 5, can from Fig. 5
It is 2424m with the maximum for drawing interference centering Space Baseline, is satisfactory for the image of L wave bands, it is minimum
It is 90m to be worth；The maximum of time reference line is 1058d, and minimum value is 46d.
Extracted and screening PS points in monitored area, in terms of scattering properties, the building of this area, large-sized artificial atural object can
To constitute the strong scattering of the stabilization such as dihedral angle, trihedral angle, and relevant point target high is shown as, be easy to time series InSAR technologies
Application.The primary election of PS points is carried out using the method for SAR amplitude dispersion indexs herein, with the stability approximate expression phase of amplitude
Stability.
After obtaining PS Candidate Sets, the region to pre-monitoring carries out further process of refinement.Using amplitude deviation and when
Between coherence's dual thresholds extract PS points, amplitude deviation detection on the basis of, estimate impact point time series on information, the used time
Between coherence factor extract meet require PS points, improve estimation precision.Time coherence coefficientIt is interference map number and the pixel time
The function of sequence phase, is defined as
In formula,It is the quantity of interference pattern,It is differential interferometry phase,It is the phase that spatial domain LPF is obtained,It is landform phase.
After completing amplitude deviation, the extraction of time coherence coefficient dual thresholds, to be directed to the region of monitoring carry out the essence of PS points
Choosing.First, according to the concrete analysis to gained height value after actual conditions and amendment, rational elevation threshold value is set, is rejected not
The point target of care, filters out point target interested；Then, rational coherence's threshold value is set, building is further chosen
The point target of stabilization on thing, it is ensured that the reliability of result.This example finally gives 45453 PS candidates points, as shown in fig. 6, PS
Point to be distributed on building, covers preferably, it is seen that the PS point masses for identifying are preferable.
The removal of the geometric phase of PS points, it is flat using image orbital data and known outside DEM removals when PS points are chosen
Ground phase and landform phase, calculate DEM errors relation proportional to vertical parallax, and image is judged by calculating ratio value size
In corresponding pixel it is whether sufficiently stable, and then consider whether it can be defined as PS points.Obtain N（17）Width differential interferometry figure,
Geometric phase removal is only carried out on PS points.The SRTM-DEM data that resolution ratio is 90m, height accuracy is 16m are used in this example.
The resolving of building space deformation quantity, application least square method is estimated from differential interferometry phase, removes each
The linear deformation increment and DEM errors of PS points, and carry out three-dimensional space-time solution and twine, atmospheric phase is removed using spatio-temporal filtering method,
The rate of deformation and elevation of PS points are obtained, it is projected perpendicular to ground, obtain the deformation of building dimensional parameters sum
Amount；Including width b, A, B point-to-point transmission differences in height between AB points on building.The application least square method from differential interferometry phase
Estimate, remove the linear deformation increment and DEM errors of each PS point, and carry out three-dimensional space-time solution and twine, using spatio-temporal filtering method
Removal atmospheric phase, obtains the rate of deformation and elevation of PS points, and it is projected perpendicular to ground, obtains surface subsidence speed
Rate.Fig. 7 is the city cell rate of settling distribution map.
From figure 7 it can be seen that relevant point target is mainly distributed on man-made features, it is consistent with actual conditions.White in figure
The size of circle represents the size of the rate of settling, and circle area is bigger to represent that the rate of settling is bigger, and major part point is all deposited
In the fuctuation within a narrow range of -4~4 mm/a, solid black lines inframe is that the position of the substantially building of deformation, inner white circle face occur
Product is larger, shows the rate of settling substantially slightly larger than peripheral region, about -12~-8 mm/a.
According to some documents：Slope is equal to gradient, and simply call is different；Inclination angle is cried when being represented with angle.
So-called inclination, i.e. top of building and bottom centre not on a vertical line, slope be exactly push up the projection of bottom central horizontal away from
The ratio between with depth of building.
The inclination for measuring building has two methods：One class is directly to determine the inclination of building, and the method is used for base
The less high-rise of plinth area, such as skyscraper, water tower, chimney, steel tower, pillar；Another kind of is by measuring building
The elevation change on thing basis, the inclination of building can be calculated divided by the distance of point-to-point transmission with the differential settlement of point-to-point transmission.
《Building deformation measurement specification》Middle regulation, the integral inclined of rigidity building can be by measuring building top surface or base
The relative settlement of plinth determines indirectly.Belonging to frame structure more the high-story house of city, can be inclined by observing differential settlement calculating entirety
Slope.
As shown in Fig. 2 a width of AB=b in building（Obtained by In-SAR technologies）, the differential settlement that 2 points of roof A, B is=
（Obtained by In-SAR technologies）, then slope of the building on AB directions be：
Inclination angle is：
Assuming thatMoment measures inclination angle, thenThe change at time period introversion oblique angle is turned to。
Similarly, the slope of building and inclination angle on other directions can be also calculated using this method.By building slope and
The situation of change at different time sections introversion oblique angle, foundation can be provided with reference to corresponding building structure specification for building security evaluation.
Again as shown in figure 3, asking building integral inclined according to building roof bottom centre point relative position（Axonometry）
B、C、D、、、Relative position coordinates（Through consulting literatures, building or earth's surface three-dimensional can be obtained by In-SAR technologies
Information.Its position relationship is represented in same cartesian coordinate system for simplicity）Obtained by In-SAR technologies with building height H
.
Bottom centre's coordinate is：
Top center coordinate is：
Projector distance on x/y plane is：
Certain moment building inclination rate is：
Similarly, the slope that can calculate other any time buildings obtains different time sections introversion slope variable quantity afterwards.
It is above total tilt variation amount, can also seeks single direction（Such as AB, CD, BC or AD）Inclination, method is identical,
Simply coordinate computing formula slightly has difference.
InSAR technologies pass through orbit parameter and the imaging geometry realization of sensor to earth's surface point target coordinate position,
Elevation and the measurement of deformation, successfully combine synthetic aperture radar image-forming principle and interferometry technology, can accurately measure ground
The three-dimensional space position and minor variations of table certain point.Differential SAR Interferometry (Differential In SAR, D-InSAR) skill
Art is mainly used in monitoring radar line of sight direction Centimeter Level or more small earth surface shape as an extension of InSAR technologies
Become, its monitoring range is big, spatial resolution is high, heed contacted measure the features such as, compensate for having passed the deficiency of system measurement means.
But, D-InSAR technologies are closed by space-time dephasing and atmosphere delay is influenceed so that its precision and applicability are significantly reduced.
For problem present in D-In SAR technology applications, domestic and foreign scholars are begun attempt to using several sequential SAR
Image carries out time series analysis by sedimentation.I.e. in specific Data processing, ropy point in image is abandoned, only retain and grind
The preferable point target of region internal stability is studied carefully as process object, with reference to the Time series analysis method of several SAR images, with
The space-time dephasing for making up traditional D-In SAR technologies is done and atmosphere delay problem, improves the precision of deformation monitoring.At present, use
The means that several SAR images carry out Timing Difference interference treatment mainly include：Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technology, Permanent scatterers
(PS) technology and manual corner reflector (CR) technology, these technologies are senior In SAR technologies.
PS-InSAR stroke analysises analyze the phase and amplitude information of areal SAR image sets, search and do not receive time, sky
Between and air decoherence influence PS points, set up phase model on PS points, using many scape interference patterns phase constitute equation group
And iterative, obtain millimetre-sized ground settlement.The particularly satellite such as Terra SAR-X, COSMO-SkyMed is mutually secondary
Penetrate successfully, indicate SAR satellite images increase resolution to a new order of magnitude.Have benefited from the 3m even high-space resolution of 1m
Rate, the distribution density and three-dimensional localization precision of Permanent scatterers are greatly improved；Satellite revisiting period is short simultaneously, it is ensured that
Surface displacement monitoring frequency higher；It is large-scale that high-resolution X-band SAR data allows that PS-InSAR technologies are continued to monitor
The deformation details of single building, for the deformation monitoring of City Building provides good technical support.
Method the invention provides a kind of utilization InSAR interference to obtaining mining area surface three-dimensional shaped variable field, by using
InSAR technical limit spacings mining area radar line of sight enters to coherence in Deformation Field to sight line to Deformation Field less than the pixel that solution twines threshold value
Row space interpolation, obtains the continuous Deformation Field in space；The main radius of influence of each pixel is calculated using mining area work EDS maps；
Obtain after the displacement factor of mining area, mining area surface is moved horizontally and is converted to sinking, and according to radar imagery principle group
Into equation group；Equation group is solved, the solution of the surface subsidence value for meeting required precision is drawn, east is then calculated according to sinking
West, North and South direction tilting value；Finally using thing, the tilting value of North and South direction and the proportionate relationship for moving horizontally calculate thing,
The Deformation Field of North and South direction.Breach InSAR and solve rigors of the three-dimensional shaped variable field for data, monitoring expense is high to wait system
About, greatly improve application prospect of the InSAR technologies in mining area, be mining area on a large scale, high accuracy, inexpensive three-dimensional deformation prison
Survey lays the foundation.Further, since three-dimensional shaped variable field precision is in addition to by InSAR technologies in itself error, other error sources
The parameter error of mainly main influence angle tangent and displacement factor, therefore, fitted using measured data in the present invention
The main influence angle tangent and displacement factor for meeting mining area actual conditions are calculated, the earth's surface three-dimensional shaped variable field essence of acquisition
Degree is greatly improved compared with conventional three-dimensional Deformation Field monitoring method.
Although being disclosed to the present invention by above example, protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Under conditions of without departing from present inventive concept, deformation, replacement that each component is done to more than etc. will fall into right of the invention
In claimed range.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1 filters out InSAR initial data；
S2 is extracted and screening PS points in monitored area；
The removal of the geometric phase of S3 PS points；
The resolving of S4 building space deformation quantities；
S5 calculates building inclination rate according to the deformation quantity for calculating；
S6 is monitored on time dimension, repeats above procedure, obtains monitoring difference, obtains building deformation quantity and deformation speed
Rate.
2. a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S1
In, in the multiple image interference data sequences of N width SAR obtained from Same Scene, a main image is chosen, then all images are all with main
Image accuracy registration；According to make it is all interference to time reference line and the optimal principle of Space Baseline, be main shadow with a SAR images
Picture, remaining N-1 image is, from image, to form N-1 interference right.
3. a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S2
In, in terms of scattering properties, the building of this area, large-sized artificial atural object may be constructed the strong of the stabilization such as dihedral angle, trihedral angle
Scattering, and relevant point target high is shown as, it is easy to the application of time series InSAR technologies；After obtaining PS Candidate Sets, to being intended to
The region of monitoring carries out further process of refinement, and PS points are extracted using amplitude deviation and temporal coherence dual thresholds, is shaking
On the basis of the detection of width deviation, the information in impact point time series is estimated, the PS points for meeting and requiring are extracted with time coherence factor,
Improve estimation precision, time coherence coefficientIt is the function for interfering map number and pixel time series phase, is defined as
In formula,It is the quantity of interference pattern,It is differential interferometry phase,It is the phase that spatial domain LPF is obtained,It is landform phase；After completing amplitude deviation, the extraction of time coherence coefficient dual thresholds, the region that be directed to monitoring carry out PS
That puts is selected.
4. a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S3
In, when PS points are chosen, using image orbital data and known outside DEM removals level land phase and landform phase, calculate DEM
Error relation proportional to vertical parallax, whether corresponding pixel is sufficiently stable in judging image by calculating ratio value size,
And then consider whether it can be defined as PS points.
5. a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S4
In, application least square method is estimated from differential interferometry phase, removes the linear deformation increment and DEM errors of each PS point,
And carry out three-dimensional space-time solution and twine, atmospheric phase is removed using spatio-temporal filtering method, the rate of deformation and elevation of PS points are obtained, will
It is projected perpendicular to ground, obtains the deformation quantity of building dimensional parameters sum；Including width b, A, B between AB points on building
Point-to-point transmission difference in height。
6. a kind of building deformation monitoring method based on InSAR as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S5
In, a width of AB=b in building, the differential settlement that 2 points of roof A, B is=, then slope of the building on AB directions be：
Inclination angle is：
Assuming thatMoment measures inclination angle, thenThe change at time period introversion oblique angle is turned to。
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