CN110456345A - A kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology - Google Patents
A kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
- G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology, is related to synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology (InSAR), more particularly to tilts monitoring technology towards the InSAR of building and towering structure.Described method includes following steps: step 1: obtaining differential interferometry set of graphs using differential SAR Interferometry technology (DInSAR)；Step 2: obtaining spatial position and the deformation information of building surface monitoring point set using time series InSAR technology；Step 3: calculating the inclined direction and gradient of building and towering structure using InSAR monitoring result and satellite parametric reduction information.This method is primarily based on spatial position and the deformation information of the building surface monitoring point of InSAR technology acquisition, and combines satellite image parameter and orbital data, obtains the inclined direction and gradient of buildings or structures.The above method can periodically provide the monitoring result of a wide range of wide area, greatly improve operating efficiency, while being not necessarily to site layout project monitoring device and manual operation, greatly reduce manual work cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture
Radar, InSAR), building, towering structure, the technical fields such as inclination monitoring, more particularly to towards building and towering structure
Build the InSAR inclination monitoring technology of object.
Background technique
Buildings or structures are influenced in construction operation and use process due to being deformed by basis or structure itself, may
Building entirety run-off the straight is caused to deform.Prevailing situation has: great change, such as a large amount of heaps occur for building foundation periphery load
Soil；Building own foundation varies widely, such as basis immersion；Meeting with powerful external force collision causes building bearing structure to change
Become or destroys；Natural calamity is met with, such as earthquake, landslide, flood occurs.Building inclination deformation is larger to building harm,
Have a direct impact to the service life of building.Therefore, during building operation and use, building is continued
Effectively inclination monitoring reliably obtains the operating status of building, for ensureing the safety of building and people's lives and properties
It is of great significance.
Inclination monitoring for buildings or structures, common measurement method include total station observation method, quasi- method of hanging down, sink relatively
Observation method etc. drops.Above-mentioned measurement method usually requires scene setting measurement mark, and regular artificial execute-in-place needs to expend a large amount of
Manpower and material resources.Due to having a wide range of, high-precision, the advantage of round-the-clock daytime measurement, InSAR technology, which has graduallyd mature, is answered
For fields such as urban ground subsidence observation, Slip moinitorings.But the technology is commonly used in obtaining target in radar line of sight
The deflection in direction can obtain target in movement vertically or horizontally, still by projective transformation under special circumstances
It is not used for buildings or structures inclination monitoring.
Synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,
InSAR) refer to and carry out interference processing using spaceborne or ground-based radar image, obtain the technology of earth's surface elevation and deformation information.Its benefit
Emit microwave to target area with radar, then receive the echo of target reflection, obtains the SAR plural number of same target area imaging
Image pair, SAR plural number image is to the available interference pattern of conjugate multiplication.According to the phase value of interference pattern, target area can be calculated
The minor change of field surface elevation is used for deformation monitoring.
Building includes single story building object, multi-story structure, high-rise and super high rise building.Towering structure is general
Refer to larger, the relatively small structures in cross section of the height such as signal tower, electric power pylon, chimney, bridge pier.
Inclination monitoring is often referred to using the observation such as total station observation method, quasi- method of hanging down, relative settlement observation method, photogrammetry
The inclined direction and gradient of method acquisition building.
Summary of the invention
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology, feature
It is, described method includes following steps:
Step 1: obtaining differential interferometry set of graphs using differential SAR Interferometry technology；
Step 2: obtaining spatial position and the deformation of building surface monitoring point set using time series InSAR technology
Information；
Step 3: calculating the inclination side of building and towering structure using InSAR monitoring result and satellite parametric reduction information
To and gradient.
Further, in the first step, generated by Image registration, the selection of interference relative combinations mode, interference pattern,
Artificially generated terrain phase goes landform phase, obtains differential interferometry set of graphs；
External dem data employed in the artificially generated terrain phase step includes low resolution SRTM data or base
In the high-resolution terrain data that oblique photograph technology generates.
Further, in the second step, pass through the selection of Coherent Targets point, phase unwrapping, parameter Estimation, orbit error
Phase estimation, atmosphere errors phase estimation, the estimation of seasonal temperature model phase, Deformation Series obtain, geocoding,
Obtain spatial position and the deformation information of building surface monitoring point set.Wherein, seasonal temperature model phase estimation purpose
To eliminate phase caused by building thermal expansion and cold contraction effect.
Further, the seasonal temperature model phase estimation method is swollen based on monitoring point phase difference and building heat
The relational expression of the relational expression of the swollen factor, the seasonal temperature model phase and the building thermal expansion factor indicates are as follows:
In formula,It is to have removed height for the phase difference value of monitoring point i and j in the kth scape differential interferometry figure that solution has twined
The phase of journey error and linear deformation rate；λ is emitted the wavelength of electromagnetic wave by SAR satellite；ΔTempkRepresent kth scape difference
The atmospheric temperature difference of two width SAR filming image times corresponding to interference pattern；ΔHi,jFor the elevation difference of monitoring point i and j；tep
For the thermal expansion coefficient of institute's monitoring objective building, for wait estimate；It is corresponding for monitoring point i and j in kth scape interference pattern
Phase residual error.
Further, in the third step, concrete application following steps carry out calculating building and towering structure
Inclined direction and gradient:
Any two monitoring point of building three-dimensional surface is chosen, and the position of the monitoring point is indicated with X, Y, H, X is east
To coordinate value, Y is the north to coordinate value, and H indicates the elevation of monitoring point, sets the inclined direction of building as θ, gradient q,
ΔHi,jFor the elevation difference of two monitoring point i and j of building facade, Δ Di,jIt is building facade two monitoring point i and j in horizontal plane
The spacing of projection, the deflection difference between building three-dimensional surface any two monitoring point may be expressed as:
ΔdXi,j=Δ Hi,j*cosθ*q
ΔdYi,j=Δ Hi,j*sinθ*q
ΔdHi,j=Δ Di,j*cos(θ-αi,j)*q
In formula, Δ dXi,j、ΔdYi,j、ΔdHi,jRespectively indicate two monitoring point i and j east to, the north to elevation side
To deflection difference, αi,jFor two monitoring point i and j horizontal plane subpoint line and east to angle, can specifically indicate
Are as follows:
In formula, Δ Xi,j、ΔYi,jFor two monitoring point i and j east to the north to coordinate difference；
InSAR result be monitoring point deflection radar line of sight direction projection, consider radar satellite image parameters and
Orbital data, the projection of the deflection difference of two monitoring point i and j in radar line of sight direction (LOS)It indicates are as follows:
In formula, βi,jFor the incidence angle of radar satellite image, the incidence angle of radar satellite image usually 20 °~50 ° it
Between, δ is radar satellite orbit inclination angle, and radar satellite image incidence angle and radar satellite orbit inclination angle parameter can utilize SAR image
Parameter File obtains.
Further, InSAR data processing is carried out using high-resolution radar satellite image, can be obtained on building facade
Multiple effective monitoring points are taken, according to the relational expression of the monitoring point InSAR deflection and building inclination value, for N number of monitoring point, most
Multiform can obtain building using method for parameter estimation such as least square method, maximum-likelihood methods at N* (N-1)/2 equation
Inclined direction and gradient.
Further, in the third step, the monitoring point building three-dimensional surface any two InSAR is in radar line of sight side
To the functional relation of deflection difference and building inclination direction, gradient；
InSAR result be monitoring point deflection radar line of sight direction projection, consider radar satellite image parameters and
Orbital data, the projection of the deflection difference of two monitoring point i and j in radar line of sight direction (LOS)It indicates are as follows:
In formula, βi,jFor the incidence angle of radar satellite image, the incidence angle of radar satellite image usually 20 °~50 ° it
Between, δ is radar satellite orbit inclination angle, and radar satellite image incidence angle and radar satellite orbit inclination angle parameter can utilize SAR image
Parameter File obtains.
Further, in the third step, according to the relational expression of the monitoring point InSAR deflection and building inclination value,
The method for calculating building inclination direction and gradient；
InSAR data processing is carried out using high-resolution radar satellite image, can obtain on building facade multiple has
Monitoring point is imitated, according to the relational expression of the monitoring point InSAR deflection and building inclination value, for N number of monitoring point, at most formation N*
(N-1)/2 equation can obtain the inclination side of building using method for parameter estimation such as least square method, maximum-likelihood methods
To and gradient.
The invention has the benefit that being tilted the invention proposes a kind of towards the InSAR of building and towering structure
Monitoring method, this method are primarily based on spatial position and the deformation information of the building surface monitoring point of InSAR technology acquisition, and
In conjunction with satellite image parameter and orbital data, the inclined direction and gradient of buildings or structures are obtained.The above method can be mentioned periodically
For the monitoring result of a wide range of wide area, operating efficiency is greatly improved, while being not necessarily to site layout project monitoring device and manual operation, greatly
It is big to reduce manual work cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the working principle flow chart of first embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 a is that building InSAR tilts monitoring test structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 b is the exterior contour structural schematic diagram of high-rise building；
Fig. 3 is the accumulative deflection schematic diagram that building InSAR tilts monitoring test.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is explained in further detail.It should be appreciated that described herein, the specific embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
On the contrary, the present invention covers any substitution done on the essence and scope of the present invention being defined by the claims, repairs
Change, equivalent method and scheme.Further, in order to make the public have a better understanding the present invention, below to of the invention thin
It is detailed to describe some specific detail sections in section description.Part without these details for a person skilled in the art
The present invention can also be understood completely in description.
As shown in Figure 1, be the working principle flow chart of first embodiment of the invention, it is proposed by the invention towards building
And the InSAR inclination monitoring method of towering structure is, it can be achieved that carry out continuously and effectively periodic monitoring to buildings or structures.The party
The crucial implementation strategy of method mainly includes that differential interferometry processing, InSAR Time-Series analysis, inclined direction and gradient are estimated, specifically
Implementation steps are as shown in Figure 1.
(1) differential interferometry is handled
This part main contents are to carry out interference processing to SAR image sequence by interference pattern integrated mode, to obtain difference
Set of graphs, including Image registration, interference relative combinations mode is interfered to choose, interference pattern generation, artificially generated terrain phase, go landform phase
Position etc..
A1SAR Image registration step: SAR Image registration is to be registrated SAR image sequence with main image, including slightly match
Quasi- and essence registration.Rough registration mainly utilizes satellite orbit parameter or manually chooses a small amount of characteristic point, and it is (auxiliary to calculate image subject to registration
Image) opposite main image in orientation (line direction) and distance to the offset of (column direction).
A2 interferes relative combinations mode to be chosen: common integrated mode includes single main image integrated mode, Small Baseline Subset group
Syntype, independent assortment mode.Single main image integrated mode basic thought is to choose a width image as public main image, remaining
All images are from image.Small Baseline Subset integrated mode is to choose short base line interference pair using Space Baseline threshold method, to subtract
The dry image of weak space dephasing.Independent assortment mode be SAR image set in all images can in the way of any combination into
Row interference pairing.
A3 interference pattern generates: according to interference relative combinations relationship, the major-minor image after essence registration is subjected to complex conjugate multiplication,
Generate corresponding interference pattern.Interference longer for Space Baseline is opposite can to carry out distance to spectral filtering, with eliminate distance to
Spectrum offset.
A4 artificially generated terrain phase: external dem data is utilized, establishes image coordinate and geodetic coordinates according to SAR imaging parameters
Between mapping relations, obtain SAR image coordinate system altitude data, recycle image orbital data and SAR image elevation
Data calculate the artificially generated terrain phase of each pixel.Wherein, used external dem data includes but is not limited to low resolution
SRTM data, or the high-resolution terrain data generated based on oblique photograph technology.
A5 goes landform phase: removing artificially generated terrain phase from interference pattern, obtains differential interferometry figure.Differential interferometry phase packet
Include Ground Deformation phase, vertical error phase, atmosphere errors phase, orbit error phase and noise phase etc..
(2) InSAR Time-Series analysis
This part main contents are that the deformation sequence of the effective monitoring point of buildings or structures three-dimensional surface is obtained by Time-Series analysis
Column and elevation information, including the selection of Coherent Targets point, phase unwrapping, parameter Estimation, orbit error phase estimation, atmosphere errors phase
The contents such as position estimation, the estimation of seasonal temperature model phase, Deformation Series acquisition, geocoding.
B1 Coherent Targets point selecting step: Coherent Targets point is chosen for identifying using the intensity or phase information of SAR image
The higher target point of steel tower surface signal-to-noise ratio.Common coherent point choosing method includes amplitude departure method, coherence's threshold method, strong
Spend threshold method, snr threshold method etc..By taking coherence's threshold method as an example, firstly, calculating coherence factor, phase based on differential interferometry figure
The pixel that responsibility number is greater than given threshold is alternative Coherent Targets point.
B2 phase unwrapping: phase unwrapping predominantly solves the problems, such as 2 π fuzziness in interference pattern, restores the absolute of pixel
Phase value, can be divided into space phase solution and twine and twine with three dimensional Phase solution.Common space phase unwrapping method includes Branch cut, minimum
Cost flow method, least square method.The method that three dimensional Phase solution is tied to binding time peacekeeping space dimension phase unwrapping.
B3 parameter Estimation: estimated parameter includes height value and rate of deformation of monitoring point etc..Initially set up InSAR monitoring
The functional relation of phase difference value and elevation difference and rate of deformation difference between point:
In formula,For the phase difference value of monitoring point i and j in the kth scape differential interferometry figure that solution has twined, λ is SAR satellite
The wavelength of emitted electromagnetic wave.ΔTkRepresent the shooting time difference that kth scape differential interferometry figure uses two width SAR images, Δ
Vi,jFor the rate of deformation difference of monitoring point i and j,For the vertical parallax length of kth scape differential interferometry figure, Ri,j、βi,jRespectively
For the oblique distance and radar satellite incidence angle of radar satellite, Δ Hi,jFor the elevation difference of monitoring point i and j,For kth scape
The corresponding phase residual error of monitoring point i and j in interference pattern.
The differential interferometry set of graphs generated using SAR image sequence, based on phase difference value and depth displacement between the monitoring point InSAR
The functional relation of value and rate of deformation difference, can be obtained using method for parameter estimation such as least square method, maximum-likelihood methods
The estimation of elevation difference and rate of deformation difference between building surface monitoring point.Stability region has selected 1 near building
Know the monitoring point of ground elevation, the elevation and rate of deformation of building three-dimensional surface monitoring point can be obtained.
B4 orbit error phase estimation: orbit error phase is baseline estimations inaccurately caused phase error.Commonly
Orbit error correcting method includes that baseline is accurately estimated and Interferometric phase error correction.Baseline is accurately estimated as controlling using ground
The method for putting InSAR interference baseline of refining.Interferometric phase error corrects the mode for then mostly using polynomial fitting model.Finally will
The orbit error phase of estimation is removed from differential interferometry figure.
B5 atmosphere errors phase estimation: the method for atmosphere delay correction mainly includes empirical method and prediction technique.Experience
Method mainly utilizes atmosphere delay phase incoherent characteristic in time, passes through time dimension high-pass filtering and spatial low pass
Wave realizes the estimation of atmosphere delay phase, and it is removed from interference pattern.Prediction technique is then to utilize outside weather data
Atmosphere delay amount when (temperature, air pressure, humidity or moisture content information) is to SAR video imaging is directly calculated.Finally will
The atmosphere errors phase of estimation is removed from differential interferometry figure.
B6 seasonal temperature model phase estimating step: seasonal temperature model phase removal predominantly removal building by
Seasonal thermal expansion and cold contraction effect influences and the deformation phase of generation.
Seasonal temperature model phase estimation method is that the relationship of the factor is thermally expanded based on monitoring point phase difference and building
Formula thermally expands the factor using least square method, maximum-likelihood method estimation building, so that seasonal temperature model phase is obtained,
Finally the seasonal temperature model phase of estimation is removed from differential interferometry figure.Seasonal temperature model phase and building heat
The relational expression of expansion factor may be expressed as:
In formula,It is to have removed height for the phase difference value of monitoring point i and j in the kth scape differential interferometry figure that solution has twined
The phase of journey error and linear deformation rate.λ is emitted the wavelength of electromagnetic wave by SAR satellite.ΔTempkRepresent kth scape difference
The atmospheric temperature difference of two width SAR filming image times corresponding to interference pattern.ΔHi,jFor the elevation difference of monitoring point i and j.tep
For the thermal expansion coefficient of institute's monitoring objective building, for wait estimate.It is corresponding for monitoring point i and j in kth scape interference pattern
Phase residual error.
InSAR data processing is carried out using high-resolution radar satellite image, can obtain on building facade multiple has
Monitoring point is imitated, the relational expression is based on, building can be obtained using method for parameter estimation such as least square method, maximum-likelihood methods
Thermal expansion coefficient, and realize that seasonal temperature model phase is estimated.
B7 Deformation Series obtaining step: first by vertical error phase, orbit error phase, atmosphere errors phase, season
Warm-natured degree model phase is removed from differential interferometry phase, is then based on satellite parametric reduction information for phase sequence and is converted to deformation sequence
Column.
B8 geocoding step: geocoding is the mapping relations established between SAR image coordinate and geodetic coordinates, to prison
Wet environment monitoring result carries out geocoding, makes it can be with other Fundamental Geographic Information System overlay analysis.Under normal conditions, it obtains
Monitoring point geodetic coordinates be CGCS2000 or WGS84 ellipsoid under latitude and longitude information.In view of subsequent analysis is convenient, the present invention
Monitoring point latitude and longitude coordinates can be subjected to projective transformation.
(3) inclined direction and gradient estimation
This part main contents are to estimate inclining for buildings or structures using the resolving parameter and deformation information of the monitoring point InSAR
To direction and gradient.Specific estimation process is as follows:
Any two monitoring point of building three-dimensional surface is chosen, is in the present embodiment different high using building three-dimensional surface
All monitoring points of degree, resolve the inclined direction and gradient of building, and the position of the monitoring point is indicated with X, Y, H, and X is east
Direction coordinate value, Y are the north to coordinate value, and H indicates the elevation of monitoring point, sets the inclined direction of building as θ, gradient is
Q, Δ Hi,jFor the elevation difference of two monitoring point i and j of building facade, Δ Di,jIt is building facade two monitoring point i and j in level
The spacing of face projection, the deflection difference between building three-dimensional surface any two monitoring point may be expressed as:
ΔdXi,j=Δ Hi,j*cosθ*q
ΔdYi,j=Δ Hi,j*sinθ*q
ΔdHi,j=Δ Di,j*cos(θ-αi,j)*q
In formula, Δ dXi,j、ΔdYi,j、ΔdHi,jRespectively indicate two monitoring point i and j east to, the north to elevation side
To deflection difference, αi,jFor two monitoring point i and j horizontal plane subpoint line and east to angle, can specifically indicate
Are as follows:
In formula, Δ Xi,j、ΔYi,jFor two monitoring point i and j east to the north to coordinate difference；
InSAR result be monitoring point deflection radar line of sight direction projection, consider radar satellite image parameters and
Orbital data, the projection of the deflection difference of two monitoring point i and j in radar line of sight direction (LOS)It indicates are as follows:
In formula, βi,jFor the incidence angle of radar satellite image, the incidence angle of radar satellite image usually 20 °~50 ° it
Between.δ be radar satellite orbit inclination angle, in the present embodiment, be currently in service phase radar satellite (TerraSAR-X,
COSMO-SkyMed, Sentinel-1 etc.) for, and be reference, the orbit inclination angle of rail lift radar satellite with Shenzhen local latitude
About -11 ° 00 ', the orbit inclination angle of drop rail radar satellite is about 11 ° 40 '.Radar satellite image incidence angle and radar satellite track
Dip angle parameter can utilize SAR image parameters file acquisition.
InSAR data processing is carried out using high-resolution radar satellite image, can obtain on building facade multiple has
Monitoring point is imitated, according to the relational expression of the monitoring point InSAR deflection and building inclination value, for N number of monitoring point, at most formation N*
(N-1)/2 equation can obtain the inclination side of building using method for parameter estimation such as least square method, maximum-likelihood methods
To and gradient.
Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b, the rail lift TerraSAR-X shadow of 3 meters of resolution ratio is selected
Monitoring test is tilted as carrying out building InSAR.44 scape SAR images are had collected in test altogether, initial time is in November, 2013
27 days, deadline be on October 29th, 2016, movie fly wave band be X-band, single scape image coverage area be 30km ×
30km.Fig. 2 a show the relative geometrical relation of rail lift SAR satellite and building in this example, wherein the incidence angle φ of SAR satellite
It is 37.3 °.Fig. 2 b is the mean intensity figure of SAR image, it can be seen that the reflection signal of high-rise building is stronger, and exterior contour is more clear
It is clear.
Interference processing is carried out to SAR image sequence to integrated mode using the interference of public main image in test, is obtained altogether
43 width differential interferometry figures, then obtain the deformation of the effective monitoring point of building three-dimensional surface using InSAR Time-Series analysis technology
Sequence and elevation information.
As shown in figure 3, the location information of the effective monitoring point of building three-dimensional surface and accumulative during monitoring in test
Deflection.X-axis is directed toward the north to Y-axis is directed toward east to H axis is elevation, and the shade of point indicates monitoring point in radar in figure
Direction of visual lines adds up the size of deflection.Analysis is it is found that InSAR technology can obtain more effective monitoring in the building surface
Point, and there are larger differences for the accumulative deflection of different location monitoring point, building bottom section monitoring point is in radar line of sight side
To showing as, maximum deformation quantity is -13mm, and top of building area monitoring point shows as being lifted in radar line of sight direction,
Maximum deformation quantity is 38mm.
Relationship based on the monitoring point InSAR deflection Yu building inclination value (inclined direction and slope), using minimum
Square law, project team obtain the inclined direction and slope of building in present case.The inclined direction of the building is west by south
36 °, gradient is 0.08% (two monitoring points is in the differential settlement of inclined direction and the ratio of its distance).
Monitoring method is tilted towards the InSAR of building and towering structure using described, this method is primarily based on InSAR
The spatial position for the building surface monitoring point that technology obtains and deformation information, and satellite image parameter and orbital data are combined,
Obtain the inclined direction and gradient of buildings or structures.The above method can periodically provide the monitoring result of a wide range of wide area, substantially
Operating efficiency is improved, while being not necessarily to site layout project monitoring device and manual operation, greatly reduces manual work cost.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps:
Step 1: obtaining differential interferometry set of graphs using differential SAR Interferometry technology；
Step 2: obtaining spatial position and the deformation information of building surface monitoring point set using time series InSAR technology；
Step 3: using InSAR monitoring result and satellite parametric reduction information calculate building and towering structure inclined direction and
Gradient.
2. a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that In
In the first step, by the way that Image registration, interference relative combinations mode are chosen, interference pattern generates, artificially generated terrain phase, goes landform
Phase and etc., obtain differential interferometry set of graphs；
External dem data employed in the artificially generated terrain phase step includes low resolution SRTM data, or based on inclining
The high-resolution terrain data that oblique camera work generates.
3. a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that In
In the second step, pass through the selection of Coherent Targets point, phase unwrapping, parameter Estimation, orbit error phase estimation, atmosphere errors phase
Position estimation, the estimation of seasonal temperature model phase, Deformation Series obtain, geocoding, obtains building surface monitoring
The spatial position of point set and deformation information.Wherein, seasonal temperature model phase estimation purpose is that elimination building heat expansion is cold
Phase caused by contracting effect.
4. a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology according to claim 3, which is characterized in that institute
Stating seasonal temperature model phase estimation method is that the relational expression of the factor is thermally expanded based on monitoring point phase difference and building, described
The relational expression of seasonal temperature model phase and the building thermal expansion factor indicates are as follows:
In formula,For the phase difference value of monitoring point i and j in the kth scape differential interferometry figure that solution has twined, missed to have removed elevation
The phase of difference and linear deformation rate；λ is emitted the wavelength of electromagnetic wave by SAR satellite；ΔTempkRepresent kth scape differential interferometry
Scheme the atmospheric temperature difference of corresponding two width SAR filming image times；ΔHi,jFor the elevation difference of monitoring point i and j；Tep is institute
The thermal expansion coefficient of monitoring objective building, for wait estimate；For the corresponding phase of monitoring point i and j in kth scape interference pattern
Position residual error.
5. a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that In
In the third step, concrete application following steps calculate the inclined direction and gradient of building and towering structure:
Any two monitoring point of building three-dimensional surface is chosen, and the position of the monitoring point is indicated with X, Y, H, and X is east to seat
Scale value, Y are the north to coordinate value, and H indicates the elevation of monitoring point, set the inclined direction of building as θ, gradient q, Δ
Hi,jFor the elevation difference of two monitoring point i and j of building facade, Δ Di,jIt is thrown for two monitoring point i and j of building facade in horizontal plane
The spacing of shadow, the deflection difference between building three-dimensional surface any two monitoring point may be expressed as:
ΔdXi,j=Δ Hi,j*cosθ*q
ΔdYi,j=Δ Hi,j*sinθ*q
ΔdHi,j=Δ Di,j*cos(θ-αi,j)*q
In formula, Δ dXi,j、ΔdYi,j、ΔdHi,jRespectively indicate two monitoring point i and j east to, the north to elevation direction become
Shape amount difference, αi,jFor two monitoring point i and j horizontal plane subpoint line and east to angle, specifically may be expressed as:
In formula, Δ Xi,j、ΔYi,jFor two monitoring point i and j east to the north to coordinate difference；
InSAR result is monitoring point deflection in the projection in radar line of sight direction, considers the image parameters and track of radar satellite
Data, the projection of the deflection difference of two monitoring point i and j in radar line of sight direction (LOS)It indicates are as follows:
In formula, βi,jFor the incidence angle of radar satellite image, usually between 20 °~50 °, δ is the incidence angle of radar satellite image
Radar satellite orbit inclination angle, radar satellite image incidence angle and radar satellite orbit inclination angle parameter can utilize SAR image parameters text
Part obtains.
6. a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology according to claim 5, which is characterized in that benefit
InSAR data processing is carried out with high-resolution radar satellite image, multiple effective monitoring points, root can be obtained on building facade
According to the relational expression of the monitoring point InSAR deflection and building inclination value, for N number of monitoring point, at most formation side N* (N-1)/2
Formula can obtain the inclined direction and gradient of building using method for parameter estimation such as least square method, maximum-likelihood methods.
7. a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that In
In the third step, the building three-dimensional surface monitoring point any two InSAR is in radar line of sight Direction distortion amount difference and building
The functional relation of object inclined direction, gradient；
InSAR result is monitoring point deflection in the projection in radar line of sight direction, considers the image parameters and track of radar satellite
Data, the projection of the deflection difference of two monitoring point i and j in radar line of sight direction (LOS)It indicates are as follows:
In formula, βi,jFor the incidence angle of radar satellite image, usually between 20 °~50 °, δ is the incidence angle of radar satellite image
Radar satellite orbit inclination angle, radar satellite image incidence angle and radar satellite orbit inclination angle parameter can utilize SAR image parameters text
Part obtains.
8. a kind of building inclination monitoring method based on InSAR technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that In
In the third step, according to the relational expression of the monitoring point InSAR deflection and building inclination value, calculate building inclination direction and
The method of gradient；
InSAR data processing is carried out using high-resolution radar satellite image, multiple effective prisons can be obtained on building facade
Measuring point, according to the relational expression of the monitoring point InSAR deflection and building inclination value, for N number of monitoring point, at most formation N* (N-
1)/2 equation can obtain the inclined direction of building using method for parameter estimation such as least square method, maximum-likelihood methods
And gradient.
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