CN106753567A - A kind of updraft type steam gasification device for biomass and blended tars - Google Patents

A kind of updraft type steam gasification device for biomass and blended tars Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106753567A
CN106753567A CN201710010375.XA CN201710010375A CN106753567A CN 106753567 A CN106753567 A CN 106753567A CN 201710010375 A CN201710010375 A CN 201710010375A CN 106753567 A CN106753567 A CN 106753567A
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tar
biomass
zone
oxide layer
gas
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CN106753567B (en
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吴创之
阴秀丽
袁洪友
潘贤齐
黄艳琴
刘华财
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/725—Redox processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/80—Additives
    • C10G2300/805—Water
    • C10G2300/807—Steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of updraft type steam gasification device and method for biomass and blended tars, tar after emulsification is sufficiently mixed on updraft type fixed bed biomass gasification furnace top with biomass material, using the temperature of the mixture reduction gasification burning of biomass material and tar, the content of tar heavy oil in combustion gas is reduced；Simultaneously, using updraft type fixed bed biomass gasification furnace middle height, biomass and blended tars is set uniformly to dry at a slow speed, the moisture of biomass and the mixture of tar is dried to less than 10%, ensure that updraft type fixed bed biomass gasification furnace bottom pyrolysis reduction area and oxidizing fire area operating mode are not influenceed by tar water, so as to realize the mixing gasifying of biomass material and tar in gasification furnace, solve prior art and send water content tar high back to change (such as temperature reduction that high-temperature oxydation area causes equipment for gasification oxidizing fire area operating mode, increase air ratio etc.), the problem for causing gasification result to be deteriorated.

Description

A kind of updraft type steam gasification device for biomass and blended tars
Technical field：
The present invention relates to biomass energy technology field, and in particular to a kind of upper suction for biomass and blended tars Formula steam gasification device.
Background technology：
Common biomass gasification device includes fluid bed, downdraft fixed bed, updraft type fixed bed, upper and lower persorption streaming Fixed bed etc. type of furnace.Fixed bed be difficult compared with fluidized-bed gasification furnace amplify, the intensity of gasification it is relatively low, but also have its significantly it is excellent Point, such as simple structure, low cost, operation are easily, to can be used for lump material, fly ash content low therefore biological in middle and small scale Matter combustion-gas jet test field is still preferably selection.
Fixed-bed gasification furnace contains updraft type and the basic type of furnace of two kinds of downdraft, differs primarily in that the operation of air-flow and fuel Direction is different, and the air-flow of uniflow gas stove flows from bottom to top, and the air-flow in down-draft type gasifying furnace flows from top to bottom, fuel It is to fall by free gravity.Due to the difference of reaction in furnace feature, the chamber structure of two kinds of type of furnaces is also otherwise varied.With under Suction fixed-bed gasification furnace is compared, and the major advantage of uniflow gas stove is：Btu utilization is more abundant, fuel gases calorific value compared with Height, running resistance is low, and flying dust carries less.But updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace also has the shortcomings that it is significantly difficult to overcome, I.e. tar content is more in combustion gas, typically about 30~150g/Nm3 (S.Heidenreich, et al., Prog Energy Combust Sci,2015)。
The presence of tar reduces gasification efficiency, easily blocks gas pipeline, cleaner and gas equipment.Some applications Combustion gas is down to extremely low level by application requirements：Gas turbine, synthetic fuel etc. require that gas tar oil content is less than number mg/Nm3 Magnitude (N.Abdoulmoumine et al.Appl.Energy, 2015)；National standard《The artificial coals of GB/T 13612-2006 Gas》Regulation tar and dust total content are less than 10mg/m3；National standard《GB 50494-2009 city gas technical specifications》Rule Determining no matter any source of city gas should not contain solid-state, liquid or colloid substance.Therefore, in order to meet special applications need Ask, reducing gasification furnace outlet gas tar content will greatly mitigate successive depths cleaning system operating load.
From from the aspect of operating cost and practicality, existing uniflow gas stove typically coordinates system for wet purification to use, But as run time extends, tar washed wastewater gradually saturation, how to consume this part tar washed wastewater turns into puzzlement industry development Technical barrier.Chinese patent 200910025366.3 is disclosed a kind of to be fixed with the upper suction of tar backflash device or downdraft Bed stalk gasifier, thick combustion gas of gasifying carries out dedusting by filter collector first, then Jiao being combined with cooling by inertia Trap for oil carries out tar trapping, and the tar for trapping is back to gasification furnace by Action of Gravity Field and gas ejector action Combustion zone, tar is cracked and burnt under the hot conditions in the area.Similarly, Chinese invention announces 201510532462.2 Disclose and dust-laden tar is led back into the burning of gasification furnace oxygen-rich area so as to obtain the method from processing.The common spy of this class patent Point is to send biomass coke tar back to gasification furnace combustion zone, using the hot environment burning in gasification furnace oxidation zone domain or pyrolysis fuel oil group Point.Due to the aqueous height of tar, its loopback can cause equipment for gasification combustion zone operating mode change (such as temperature reduction, increase air ratio Deng), cause gasification result to be deteriorated, so implement acquiring a certain degree of difficulty.
The content of the invention：
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of updraft type steam gasification device for biomass and blended tars and Method, using updraft type fixed bed biomass gasification furnace upper temp it is low, the residence time is long the characteristics of, the tar after emulsification is existed Updraft type fixed bed biomass gasification furnace top is sufficiently mixed with biomass material, using biomass material and the mixture of tar The temperature of gasification burning is reduced, the content of tar heavy oil in combustion gas is reduced；Meanwhile, using in updraft type fixed bed biomass gasification furnace Portion highly, makes biomass and blended tars uniformly dry at a slow speed, and the moisture of biomass and blended tars is dried to 10% Below, it is ensured that updraft type fixed bed biomass gasification furnace bottom pyrolytic layer, reducing zone and oxide layer operating mode be not by tar water Influence, so as to realize the mixing gasifying of biomass material and tar in gasification furnace, solves prior art water content is high Tar sends the change (such as temperature reduction, increase air ratio) that high-temperature oxydation area causes equipment for gasification oxide layer operating mode back to, causes The problem that gasification result is deteriorated.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs：
A kind of updraft type steam gasification device for biomass and blended tars, the device includes updraft type gasification Stove, the uniflow gas stove is divided into oxide layer, reducing zone, pyrolytic layer, baking zone and mixed zone from the bottom to top；On described Sucking type gasifier top is provided with gas outlet and charging aperture, and top is provided with tar water entrance after emulsification, and oxide layer bottom is provided with Air interface；The gas outlet is connected with indirect cooler, tar is separated with combustion gas and is obtained upper strata containing tar light oil Water and the water containing heavy tar of lower floor；The oxide layer and reducing zone intersection are circumferentially with common nozzle interface, described common Nozzle interface is with compressed steam orifice, and pressurized steam is equal from the common nozzle interface of oxide layer and reducing zone intersection Even penetrating burner hearth；Tar water entrance is used to be input into water containing heavy tar or water containing tar light oil after the emulsification.
Especially, the common nozzle interface is also with the orifice of water containing tar light oil, atomized water containing tar light oil with plus From the compressed steam of oxide layer and reducing zone intersection and the common nozzle containing tar light oil atomized water after pressure water vapour mixing Interface uniformly sprays into burner hearth.
The mixed zone is highly not less than 2.0m, and baking zone, the height of pyrolytic layer are not less than 4.0m, oxide layer, reduction The height of layer is not less than 1.0m.
Especially, tar water entrance is 1-4 after the emulsification；The oxide layer and reducing zone intersection are circumferentially with Pressurized steam and the common nozzle interface containing tar light oil water are 4-6.
The present invention also protects a kind of updraft type steam gasification method for biomass and blended tars, when common spray When mouth interface is only with pressurized steam orifice, comprise the following steps：Biomass material is in uniflow gas stove pyrolytic gasification Prepare containing the emulsified heavy tar water that is obtained after the condensed emulsification of tar fuel gas with biomass material on uniflow gas stove Portion mixed zone mixes, and the thermal current that lower section rises is run into baking zone, while removing moisture that the part tar in air-flow is cold But retain；The raw material of removing moisture is displaced downwardly to pyrolytic layer and is further heated generation pyrolysis decomposition into volatile matter and solid coke, waves Hair point takes top to by air-flow；Solid coke sequentially enters the reducing zone and oxide layer of lower section；Air gasifies from updraft type simultaneously Furnace bottom enters oxide layer, and oxidation reaction occurs with solid coke, discharges substantial amounts of heat；Oxidation product is with coke in reduction There is reduction reaction generation carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane in layer, mix with the volatile matter that pyrolysis decomposition goes out upwards；Pressurized steam Uniformly sprayed into from oxide layer and reducing zone intersection；The gas that the combustion gas that reducing zone is produced is obtained with the reformation of light tar oxicracking Body, is upwardly into pyrolytic layer, and mixed zone is entered together with the volatile matter of pyrolysis decomposition, from gas outlet discharge.
It is described to mix with tar for biomass when the common nozzle interface is also with the orifice of water containing tar light oil The updraft type steam gasification method of mixture, comprises the following steps：Biomass material is in uniflow gas stove pyrolytic gasification system Standby mixes with biomass material containing the emulsification tar water obtained after the condensed emulsification of tar fuel gas on uniflow gas stove top Area mixes, and the thermal current that lower section rises is run into baking zone, by the part tar cooling retention in air-flow while removing moisture； The raw material of removing moisture is displaced downwardly to pyrolytic layer and is further heated generation pyrolysis decomposition into volatile matter and solid coke, and volatile matter is by gas Stream takes top to；Solid coke sequentially enters the reducing zone and oxide layer of lower section；Air enters from uniflow gas stove bottom simultaneously Enter oxide layer, oxidation reaction occurs with solid coke, discharge substantial amounts of heat；Oxidation product occurs also with coke in reducing zone Original reaction generation carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane, mix with volatiles upwards；Tar light oil water mixes with pressurized steam Uniformly sprayed into from oxide layer and reducing zone intersection afterwards, one side light tar occurs oxicracking, the opposing party in high temperature environments Face water vapour simultaneously participates in the reforming reaction of tar；The gas that the combustion gas that reducing zone is produced is obtained with light tar cracking reformation, to Upper entrance pyrolytic layer, enters mixed zone together with the volatile matter of pyrolysis decomposition, from gas outlet discharge.
The biomass material uniflow gas stove pyrolytic gasification prepare containing tar fuel gas it is condensed by tar with combustion Qi leel is from the waste water containing light tar for being divided into upper strata containing tar and waste water and the waste water containing tar heavy oil of lower floor for obtaining.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1) present invention utilizes uniflow gas stove top free space and feeding device, with biology after condensed tar is emulsified Matter raw material is mixed, tar is sent back to the purpose of gasification furnace second gasification for realization, it is to avoid the loss of energy entrained by tar；
2) the characteristics of moisture is high, temperature is low after being mixed with emulsification tar using biomass material, reduces fuel gas of gasifying furnace and goes out The temperature of the thick combustion gas of mouth, heavy tar components are condensed and are adsorbed onto the surface of raw material in making combustion gas, significantly reduce taking for combustion gas The tar heavy oil content and sensible heat loss of band；
3) residence time of biomass material and blended tars in gasification furnace is increased, using gasification furnace reducing zone high temperature Combustion gas is uniformly dried biomass and blended tars and is pyrolyzed it, it is ensured that gasification furnace bottom pyrolytic layer, reducing zone and oxide layer Operating mode do not influenceed by the moisture of waste water containing tar heavy oil is high, so as to realize that biomass material and tar are mixed in gasification furnace Close gasification；
4) the condensation waste water containing light tar is atomized using high-pressure steam, ash erosion is suppressed using steam and atomization waste water The generation of phenomenon, and reduction reaction effect is improved, regulate and control gas component.
In a word, the present invention utilizes the characteristics of updraft type fixed bed biomass gasification furnace upper temp is low, the residence time is long, will Tar after emulsification is sufficiently mixed on updraft type fixed bed biomass gasification furnace top with biomass material, using biomass material With the temperature of the mixture reduction gasification burning of tar, the content of tar heavy oil in combustion gas is reduced；Meanwhile, using updraft type fixed bed Biomass gasifying furnace middle height, makes biomass and blended tars uniformly dry at a slow speed, by biomass and the mixture of tar Moisture dry to less than 10%, it is ensured that updraft type fixed bed biomass gasification furnace pyrolytic layer, reducing zone and oxide layer operating mode are not Influenceed by tar water, so as to realize the mixing gasifying of biomass material and tar in gasification furnace.Present invention process is simple, Aerogenesis is clean, energy consumption is low, gasification efficiency is high, and combustion gas flying dust and ash erosion are greatly decreased, time between overhauls(TBO) extension, gasifier operation It is more reliable and stable, solve prior art and send water content tar high back to high temperature oxide layer and cause equipment for gasification oxide layer work The change (such as temperature reduction, increase air ratio) of condition, the problem for causing gasification result to be deteriorated.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional drawings of Fig. 1.
Wherein, 1, oxide layer；2nd, reducing zone；3rd, pyrolytic layer；4th, baking zone；5th, mixed zone；6th, charging aperture；7th, it is burnt after emulsifying Profit entrance；8th, air interface；9th, compressed steam interface；10th, the interface of atomized water containing tar light oil；11st, gas outlet； 12nd, nozzle interface；13rd, burner hearth.
Specific embodiment：
Further illustrated the following is to of the invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
It is as shown in Figure 1 a kind of for biomass and the updraft type steam gasification device of blended tars, at biomass Reason amount 1.5t/h, the device includes uniflow gas stove, and main body builds burner hearth 13 and steel furnace shell, stove by laying bricks or stones for cylindrical refractory material Shell bottom is provided with the rotary fire grate connected by dynamic sealing, and the rotary fire grate has air concurrently and enters and distributed function；On described Sucking type gasifier is divided into oxide layer 1, reducing zone 2, pyrolytic layer 3, baking zone 4 and mixed zone 5 from the bottom to top；The updraft type Gasification furnace top is provided with gas outlet 11 and charging aperture 6, and top is provided with tar water entrance 7, oxide layer bottom after 1-3 emulsification It is provided with air interface 8；The gas outlet 11 is connected with indirect cooler, tar is separated with combustion gas and is obtained upper strata containing light Matter tar water and the water containing heavy tar of lower floor；The oxide layer 1 and the intersection of reducing zone 2 are circumferentially with 5 common nozzles and connect Mouth 12, the common nozzle interface 12 is connected with compressed steam interface 9 with the interface of atomized water containing tar light oil 10 respectively, containing light Matter tar water be atomized through atomizer after the atomized water containing tar light oil that obtains mix with pressurized steam after from oxide layer 1 and reduce The compressed steam and the common nozzle interface 12 containing tar light oil atomized water of 2 intersection of layer uniformly spray into burner hearth 13；The breast Tar water entrance 7 is used to be input into water containing heavy tar or water containing tar light oil after change；
The height of the mixed zone 5 is not less than 2.0m, and baking zone, the height of pyrolytic layer 3 are not less than 4.0m, oxide layer 1, also The height of former layer 2 is not less than 1.0m.
Gasifier operation load 1t/h, the top aqueous solution containing tar light oil straying quatity 300kg/h, the water containing tar light oil The tar-concentration of solution is that (i.e. tar and the mass ratio of water is 15 to 15wt.%:85), bottom is passed through air by air interface 8 Amount about 1000Nm3/ h, saturated steam amount about 80kg/h, the saturated steam parameter are passed through by compressed steam interface 9 For 0.25~0.4MPa, 127~143 DEG C, the interface of water atomization containing tar light oil 10 is closed.Under this service condition, biomass are former Expect uniflow gas stove prepare containing the condensed emulsification of tar fuel gas after the emulsified heavy tar water and biomass material that obtain Mix in gasification furnace top mixed zone 5,1~2h of residence time, the thermal current that lower section rises is run into baking zone 4, remove moisture While by the part tar cooling retention in air-flow；The raw material of removing moisture is displaced downwardly to pyrolytic layer 3 and is further heated there is heat Solution resolves into volatile matter and solid coke, and volatile matter takes top to by air-flow；Solid coke sequentially enters the He of reducing zone 2 of lower section Oxide layer 1；In 2 residence time of reducing zone, 2~3h, in 1 combustion zone residence time of oxide layer about 0.5h, while air is from updraft type Gasification furnace bottom enters oxide layer 1, and oxidation reaction occurs with solid coke, discharges substantial amounts of heat；Oxidation product and coke There is reduction reaction generation carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane in reducing zone 2, mix with the volatile matter that pyrolysis decomposition goes out upwards；Plus Pressure water vapour is uniformly sprayed into from oxide layer 1 and the intersection of reducing zone 2；The combustion gas that reducing zone is produced is upwardly into pyrolytic layer, with heat Solve the volatile matter for decomposing and enter mixed zone together, from gas outlet discharge.80~100 DEG C of gas outlet temperature, combustion gas composition and Calorimetry is shown in Table 1, and outlet gas tar content is less than 30mg/Nm3, gasify cold air efficiency about 79%.
The combustion gas composition of table 1. and calorimetry
Embodiment 2：
Device reference implementation example 1, operating load 1t/h, air input is 1000Nm3/ h, top is water-soluble containing heavy tar Liquid straying quatity 200kg/h, the concentration of aqueous solution containing heavy tar is 50wt.%, bottom saturated steam input quantity about 50~ 80kg/h, the interface of water atomization containing tar light oil 10 is opened, and bottom atomized water containing tar light oil input quantity 20kg/h, wherein tar is dense It is 15wt.% to spend.With this understanding, tar heavy oil water is mixed in uniflow gas stove top mixed zone with biomass material after emulsification Close, the thermal current that lower section rises is run into baking zone, by the part tar cooling retention in air-flow while removing moisture；Removing The raw material of moisture is displaced downwardly to pyrolytic layer and is further pyrolyzed into volatile matter and solid coke, and volatile matter takes top to by air-flow；Solid Coke sequentially enters the reducing zone and oxide layer of lower section；Air enters oxide layer from uniflow gas stove bottom simultaneously, with solid There is oxidation reaction in coke, discharge substantial amounts of heat；An oxygen generated and reduction reaction in reducing zone with coke in oxidation product there is Change carbon, hydrogen and methane, mix with the volatile matter that pyrolysis decomposition goes out upwards；Water containing tar light oil mix with pressurized steam after from Uniformly sprayed into after oxide layer and the atomization of reducing zone intersection, one side light tar occurs oxicracking in high temperature environments, another Aspect water vapour simultaneously participates in the reforming reaction of tar；The gas that the combustion gas that reducing zone is produced is obtained with the reformation of light tar oxicracking Body, is upwardly into pyrolytic layer, and mixed zone is entered together with volatiles, from gas outlet discharge.Produce exchangeability referring to Shown in table 1.Outlet gas tar content is less than 30mg/Nm3, gasify cold air efficiency about 82%.
Embodiment 3：
Device reference implementation example 1, difference is that biomass processes amount 2t/h is provided with 4 at the top of described device Tar water entrance 7 after emulsification, the oxide layer 1 and the intersection of reducing zone 2 are circumferentially with 4 common nozzle interfaces 12.
Operating load 2t/h, the top aqueous solution containing heavy tar 300~500kg/h of straying quatity, bottom pass through air interface 8 Air intake be 2000Nm3/ h, the saturated steam input quantity 650kg/h that bottom passes through compressed steam interface 9, it is described Saturated steam parameter be 0.25~0.4MPa, 127~143 DEG C, bottom is by the interface of atomized water containing tar light oil 10 containing light Matter tar atomized water input quantity 100kg/h, wherein 50~100g/L of tar content.Under this service condition, water containing heavy tar Solution and biomass material stop 1.0 in uniflow gas stove top mixed zone 5 residence time, 1.0~1.5h, in baking zone 4~ 1.5h, stops 1.0h, in 2 residence time of reducing zone 1.0h, in the residence time of oxide layer 1 about 0.5h, gas outlet in pyrolytic layer 3 Temperature is<120 DEG C, outlet gas tar content 30mg/Nm3, tar content is after combustion gas is separated through indirect condensing and electric tar 20mg/Nm3, gasification efficiency 83.5%.
The gas outlet temperature for being provided without general updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace of the invention is generally greater than 200 DEG C, gasification Efficiency is hardly higher than 75%.The present invention can substantially reduce outlet gas tar content compared to traditional uniflow gas stove, carry Gasification efficiency high, effectively consumes tar washed wastewater, improves fuel gases calorific value, and combustion gas flying dust and ash erosion are greatly decreased, the time between overhauls(TBO) Extension, gasification furnace is more reliable and stable.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of updraft type steam gasification device for biomass and blended tars, it is characterised in that the device includes Uniflow gas stove, the uniflow gas stove is divided into oxide layer, reducing zone, pyrolytic layer, baking zone and mixes from the bottom to top Close area；The uniflow gas stove top is provided with gas outlet and charging aperture, and top is provided with tar water entrance after emulsification, oxidation Layer bottom is provided with air interface；The gas outlet is connected with indirect cooler；The oxide layer and reducing zone intersection circumference Common nozzle interface is provided with, with pressurized steam orifice, pressurized steam is from oxide layer and also for the common nozzle interface The common nozzle interface of former layer intersection uniformly sprays into burner hearth；Tar water entrance is used to be input into containing heavy tar after the emulsification Water or water containing tar light oil.
2. the updraft type steam gasification device for biomass and blended tars according to claim 1, its feature It is that the common nozzle interface is also with the orifice of water containing tar light oil.
3. the updraft type steam gasification device for biomass and blended tars according to claim 1 and 2, it is special Levy and be, the mixed zone is highly not less than 2.0m, baking zone, the height of pyrolytic layer are not less than 4.0m, oxide layer, reducing zone Height be not less than 1.0m.
4. the updraft type steam gasification device for biomass and blended tars according to claim 1 and 2, it is special Levy and be, tar water entrance is 1-4 after the emulsification；The oxide layer and reducing zone intersection are circumferentially with pressure (hydraulic) water steaming Gas and the common nozzle interface containing tar light oil atomized water are 4-6.
5. a kind of updraft type steam gasification method for biomass and blended tars, it is characterised in that will using right The updraft type steam gasification device for biomass and blended tars described in 1 is sought, is comprised the following steps：Biomass are former Expect uniflow gas stove prepare containing the condensed emulsification of tar fuel gas after water containing heavy tar and biomass after the emulsification that obtains Raw material mixes in uniflow gas stove top mixed zone, the thermal current that lower section rises is run into baking zone, while removing moisture By the part tar cooling retention in air-flow；Remove moisture raw material be displaced downwardly to pyrolytic layer be further heated generation pyrolysis decomposition into Volatile matter and solid coke, volatile matter take top to by air-flow；Solid coke sequentially enters the reducing zone and oxide layer of lower section；Together When air enter oxide layer from uniflow gas stove bottom, with solid coke occur oxidation reaction, discharge substantial amounts of heat；Oxygen Change product and reduction reaction generation carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane occur in reducing zone with coke, mix with volatiles upwards； Pressurized steam is uniformly sprayed into from oxide layer and reducing zone intersection；The combustion gas that reducing zone is produced is obtained with light tar cracking reformation Gas, be upwardly into pyrolytic layer, together with volatiles enter mixed zone, from gas outlet discharge.
6. a kind of updraft type steam gasification method for biomass and blended tars, it is characterised in that will using right Ask in 2-4 described in any claim for biomass and the updraft type steam gasification device of blended tars, including with Lower step：Biomass material uniflow gas stove prepare containing the condensed emulsification of tar fuel gas after the emulsification tar water that obtains with Biomass material mixes in uniflow gas stove top mixed zone, and the thermal current that lower section rises is run into baking zone, removes moisture While by the part tar cooling retention in air-flow；The raw material for removing moisture is displaced downwardly to pyrolytic layer and is further heated and is pyrolyzed Volatile matter and solid coke are resolved into, volatile matter takes top to by air-flow；Solid coke sequentially enters the reducing zone and oxygen of lower section Change layer；Air enters oxide layer from uniflow gas stove bottom simultaneously, and oxidation reaction occurs with solid coke, discharges substantial amounts of Heat；There is reduction reaction generation carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane in oxidation product and coke, upwards and pyrolysis decomposition in reducing zone The volatile matter mixing for going out；Water containing tar light oil is uniform from after oxide layer and the atomization of reducing zone intersection after mixing with pressurized steam Spray into, one side light tar occurs oxicracking in high temperature environments, and the reformation that another aspect water vapour simultaneously participates in tar is anti- Should；The gas that the combustion gas that reducing zone is produced is obtained with the reformation of light tar oxicracking, is upwardly into pyrolytic layer, with volatiles Enter mixed zone together, from gas outlet discharge.
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