CN106741971B - 民用飞机逃生滑梯用tpu复合材料 - Google Patents

民用飞机逃生滑梯用tpu复合材料 Download PDF

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CN106741971B
CN106741971B CN201610997407.5A CN201610997407A CN106741971B CN 106741971 B CN106741971 B CN 106741971B CN 201610997407 A CN201610997407 A CN 201610997407A CN 106741971 B CN106741971 B CN 106741971B
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coating
tpu
composite material
retardant
fire
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杨文会
吴建其
焦连英
张扬
周艳秀
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Zhongshan Breathtex Speciality Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其包括充气浮筒和滑道两部分，其中，充气浮筒TPU复合材料由下到上包括阻燃TPU涂层，高强度尼龙织物层，热反射涂层；滑道TPU复合材料由下到上包括阻燃TPU涂层，高强度尼龙织物层，低摩擦系数抗静电涂层和热反射涂层；其中低摩擦系数抗静电涂层先涂覆于高强度尼龙织物层不与阻燃TPU涂层接触的面上，热反射涂层后涂覆，且热反射涂层只涂在织物结构的凹陷部位，凸起部位并未涂覆热反射层，低摩擦系数抗静电涂层在凸起部分外露。本发明所得的TPU复合材料具有优异的耐热性、阻燃性、抗静电性，超轻超薄，满足了航空救生性能要求。

Description

民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料
【技术领域】
本发明涉及民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料。
【背景技术】
民用飞机逃生滑梯是在民用飞机飞行过程中出现意外情况而需要紧急着陆的情况下，确保机上乘员安全快速撤离飞机的重要装置。其作为民用飞机应急撤离系统的一部分，直接关系到机上乘员的生命安全。
传统民用飞机逃生滑梯用的橡胶涂覆胶布，耐老化性差，生产流程复杂，人工消耗大，成品率低。目前，国内民用飞机应急撤离滑梯用的复合材料都是进口材料，国内的相关复合材料大多采用普通TPU薄膜和尼龙织物复合，可以满足气密性要求，但是重量强度比达不到航空材料的超轻超薄要求，且不能满足安全法规的阻燃、抗静电、耐热辐射等性能需要，而后者对于民用飞机逃生滑梯的应用来说是至关重要的特性。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种符合相关安全法规以及性能要求的超轻超薄的民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其包括充气浮筒和滑道两部分。
充气浮筒TPU复合材料采用A+B+C三层结构，由下到上包括阻燃TPU涂层A，高强度尼龙织物层B，热反射涂层C。充气浮筒TPU复合材料平方克重≤320克/米2。
其中，
A为阻燃聚氨酯弹性体。具体地，采用聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯或聚碳酸酯热塑性聚氨酯，配合阻燃剂，形成阻气密层。优选使用聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯。所述阻燃剂可以是不含卤素的磷酸酯类阻燃剂，如RDP，BDP，CDP，TPP等，优选CDP。也可以采用氮磷复合体系，在上述阻燃剂中加入三聚氰胺或者蜜胺焦磷酸盐等。阻燃剂还可以选择含卤素阻燃剂，如氯化聚乙烯、十溴联苯醚等。阻燃剂含量在5％-45％，优选37％。
B为高强度尼龙织物，优选高强度工业尼龙布，采用尼龙6或者尼龙66高强度工业长丝编织而成。纤维直径在100D到300D之间，优选210D。织物密度在50T到240T之间，优选120T。
为了将A涂覆于B上，可以采用刮涂的方式将阻燃TPU涂层A涂覆于高强度尼龙织物层B上；也可以用吹膜或者流延工艺预先制造A，然后将A贴合于B；还可以采用挤出流延，直接将A涂覆于B上。
C是含有铝粉或其他银色反光涂料的聚氨酯弹性体或氯丁橡胶材料，具体地，C可以是含有银粉或铝粉的聚醚型聚氨酯或聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯。
滑道TPU复合材料采用A1+B1+C1+D1的结构，滑梯表面TPU复合材料由下到上包括阻燃TPU涂层A1，高强度尼龙织物层B1，低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1和热反射涂层D1。其中低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1和热反射涂层D1设置在B1层不与A1层连接的面上，在该面上先涂覆低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1，再涂覆热反射涂层D1，使得热反射涂层D1只涂在织物结构的凹陷部位，凸起部位并未涂覆热反射层，导电层C1在凸起部分外露。滑道TPU复合材料的平方克重≤330克/米2。
其中，
A1为阻燃聚氨酯弹性体。A1可以采用聚醚型或者聚碳酸酯型热塑性聚氨酯，配合阻燃剂。
B1为高强度尼龙织物，优选高强度工业尼龙布，采用尼龙6或者尼龙66，高强度工业长丝编织，纤维直径在500D到1400D，优选840D。
C1是含有导电成分的聚醚型聚氨酯或聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯。所述导电成分可以是导电炭黑，也可以是超导电炭黑，碳纳米管，石墨烯，金属粉等。根据导电材料的重量不同，导电成分的添加量从1‰到30％不等。
D1是含有铝粉或者是银粉的热反射涂层。
本发明的有益效果有:
本发明采用A+B+C结构的充气浮筒，以及A1+B1+C1+D1结构的滑道，制得的民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料符合相关安全法规(耐热性，阻燃性，抗静电性等)要求，超轻超薄，满足了航空救生性能要求。
本发明工艺线路清晰，工艺流程简单，成品率高，具备良好的工业化前景。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明的充气浮筒材料结构示意图。
图2是本发明的滑道材料结构示意图。
图1中，1为阻燃TPU涂层A，2为高强度尼龙织物层B，3为热反射涂层C。图2中，4为阻燃TPU涂层A1，5为高强度尼龙织物层B1，6为低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1和热反射涂层D1。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
充气浮筒TPU复合材料的制备：
采用聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯，配合8％阻燃剂CDP，通过共混造粒得到阻燃TPU颗粒，对阻燃TPU颗粒烘干后通过吹塑的方式形成阻燃性TPU薄膜A，然后将A通过热压方式贴合于高强度尼龙66织物B的一面，高强度尼龙66织物B纤维直径为210D，并在B的另一面涂覆含有银粉的聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体，通过烘道烘干，烘道长度为50米，烘道温度120℃，干燥后得浮筒TPU复合材料。
滑道表面复合材料的制备：
将聚醚型聚氨酯溶解于溶剂DMF中，充分溶解后，加入25％的阻燃剂，搅拌，溶解完全后，将含有阻燃剂的聚醚型聚氨酯A1涂覆在高强度工业尼龙布B1的一面，高强度工业尼龙布B1的纤维直径为840D，然后通过长50米、温度150℃的烘道烘干；
将聚醚型聚氨酯溶解于溶剂DMF中，充分溶解后加入1‰石墨烯，混合均匀，得到含有导电成分的聚醚型聚氨酯C1，然后涂覆在高强度工业尼龙布B1的另一面，经长50米、温度150℃的烘道烘干；然后在导电层涂上含有银粉的热反射涂层D1，D1层只涂在织物结构的凹陷部位，凸起部位并未涂覆到热反射层，导电层C1在凸起部分外露，经长50米、温度120℃的烘道烘干即得滑道复合材料。
实施例2
充气浮筒TPU复合材料的制备：
采用聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯，配合20％阻燃剂CDP，合成TPU时直接加入，对阻燃TPU颗粒烘干后通过吹塑的方式形成阻燃性TPU薄膜A，然后将A通过涂覆反应性热熔胶方式贴合于高强度尼龙66织物B的一面，高强度尼龙66织物B纤维直径为210D，并在B的另一面采用刮涂的方式涂覆一层含有银粉的聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体，通过烘道烘干，烘道长度为20米、烘道温度160℃，干燥后得浮筒TPU复合材料。
滑道表面复合材料的制备：
将聚醚型聚氨酯溶解于溶剂DMF中，充分溶解后，加入25％的阻燃剂，搅拌，溶解完全就将含有阻燃剂的聚醚型聚氨酯A1涂覆在高强度工业尼龙布B1的一面，高强度工业尼龙布B1的纤维直径为840D，然后通过长20米、温度120℃的烘道烘干；
将聚醚型聚氨酯溶解于溶剂DMF中，充分溶解后加入30％导电炭黑，混合均匀，得到含有导电成分的聚醚型聚氨酯C1，然后涂覆在在高强度工业尼龙布B1的另一面，经长20米、温度160℃的烘道烘干；然后在导电层涂上含有银粉的热反射涂层D1，D1层只涂在织物结构的凹陷部位，凸起部位并未涂覆到热反射层，导电层C1在凸起部分外露，经长20米、温度170℃的烘道烘干即得滑道复合材料。
实施例3
充气浮筒TPU复合材料的制备：
将聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯溶解于DMF溶剂中，二者比例为2:3，充分溶解后，加入5％阻燃剂RDP，充分混合均匀，得到阻燃性TPU涂层A，然后将A通过刮涂方式涂覆于高强度尼龙66织物B的一面，高强度尼龙66织物B纤维直径为210D，通过长50米，温度100℃的烘道烘干，然后在B的另一面采用刮涂的方式涂覆一层含有银粉的聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体，通过烘道烘干，烘道长度为50米，烘道温度100℃，干燥后得浮筒TPU复合材料。
滑道表面复合材料的制备：
将聚醚型聚氨酯溶解于DMF混合MEK的溶剂中，充分溶解后，加入45％的阻燃剂，搅拌，溶解完全得到含有阻燃剂的聚醚型聚氨酯A1，将其涂覆在高强度工业尼龙布B1的一面，高强度工业尼龙布B1的纤维直径为840D，然后通过长50米，温度120℃的烘道烘干；
将聚醚型聚氨酯溶解于溶剂DMF中，充分溶解后加入30％导电炭黑，混合均匀，得到含有导电成分的聚醚型聚氨酯C1，然后涂覆在高强度工业尼龙布B1的另一面，经长50米，温度100℃的烘道烘干；然后在导电层涂上含有银粉的热反射涂层D1，D1层只涂在织物结构的凹陷部位，凸起部位并未涂覆到热反射层，导电层C1在凸起部分外露，经长50米，温度100℃的烘道烘干即得滑道复合材料。
实施例4
充气浮筒TPU复合材料的制备：
在高强度尼龙66织物B的一面采用刮涂的方式图上一层聚氨酯胶水，通过长50米，温度100℃的烘道烘干，收卷；将聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯和15％的阻燃剂CDP共混造粒，对阻燃TPU颗粒烘干后通过流延的方式将颗粒直接挤出熔融涂覆在高强度尼龙66织物B含有聚氨酯胶水的一面，形成阻燃性TPU薄膜A；
然后在B的另一面采用刮涂的方式涂覆一层含有银粉的聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体，通过烘道烘干，烘道长度为50米，烘道温度100℃，干燥后得浮筒TPU复合材料。
滑道表面复合材料的制备：
将聚醚型聚氨酯溶解于DMF混合MEK的溶剂中，充分溶解后，加入45％的阻燃剂，搅拌，溶解完全得到含有阻燃剂的聚醚型聚氨酯A1，将其涂覆在高强度工业尼龙布B1的一面，高强度工业尼龙布B1的纤维直径为840D，然后通过长50米，温度120℃的烘道烘干；
将聚醚型聚氨酯溶解于溶剂DMF中，充分溶解后加入25％导电炭黑，混合均匀，得到含有导电成分的聚醚型聚氨酯C1，然后涂覆在在高强度工业尼龙布B1的另一面，经长50米，温度100℃的烘道烘干；然后在导电层涂上含有银粉的热反射涂层D1，D1层只涂在织物结构的凹陷部位，凸起部位并未涂覆到热反射层，导电层C1在凸起部分外露，经长50米，温度100℃的烘道烘干即得滑道复合材料。
由实施例1-4制得的充气浮筒TPU复合材料和滑道表面复合材料的结构分别如图1和图2所示。图1中，1为阻燃TPU涂层A，2为高强度尼龙织物层B，3为热反射涂层C。图2中，4为阻燃TPU涂层A1，5为高强度尼龙织物层B1，6为低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1和热反射涂层D1，其中涂层6是在B1面上先涂覆低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1，再涂覆热反射涂层D1，使得热反射涂层D1只涂在织物结构的凹陷部位，凸起部位并未涂覆热反射层，导电层C1在凸起部分外露而形成。
将实施例1-4制备的复合材料用于性能检测，检测样品从制备材料中任意选取，测试方法如下：
1、平方克重：电子秤，单位g/m2；
2、阻燃性：采用FTMS 5905测试标准、GB/T 5455-2014，垂直火焰燃烧法，单位：续燃时间s，损毁长度mm；
3、导电性：surface resistance meter，抗静电仪；
4、拉伸强度：采用FTMS5100拉伸强度测试标准，样本规格：长152mm*宽102mm(需顺着布的织线方向取样)，拉伸速度：305±13mm/min，夹具要求：夹具口25.4mm*25.4mm，夹口长25.4mm；单位N/in；
5、撕裂强度：采用FTMS5134撕裂强度测试标准，速度305±13mm/min；夹具要求：夹具口25.4mm*25.4mm,夹口长25.4mm，单位N/in；
6、透气性：采用FTMS 5960测试标准，25℃，氦气载体，单位L/m2·24h；
7、接缝剥离强度：测试标准采用FTMS 5960，21℃，单位N/in。
实施例1-4所得复合材料性能如下表1所示：
表1实施例1-4所得复合材料性能

Claims (10)

1.一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其特征在于包括充气浮筒和滑道两部分，其中，
充气浮筒TPU复合材料由下到上包括阻燃TPU涂层A，高强度尼龙织物层B，热反射涂层C；所述阻燃TPU涂层A由聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯或聚碳酸酯型热塑性聚氨酯配合阻燃剂而得到；所述充气浮筒TPU复合材料平方克重≤320g/m2；
滑道TPU复合材料由下到上包括阻燃TPU涂层A1，高强度尼龙织物层B1，低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1和热反射涂层D1；所述阻燃TPU涂层A1由聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯或聚碳酸酯型热塑性聚氨酯配合阻燃剂而得到；低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1和热反射涂层D1的涂覆方法为：在高强度尼龙织物层B1不与阻燃TPU涂层A1连接的面上先涂覆低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1，再涂覆热反射涂层D1，热反射涂层D1只涂在织物结构的凹陷部位，凸起部位并未涂覆热反射层，低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1在凸起部分外露；所述滑道TPU复合材料的平方克重≤330g/m2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其特征在于，所述阻燃TPU涂层A由聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯配合阻燃剂而得到；所述阻燃剂选自磷酸酯类阻燃剂、磷氮复合型阻燃剂或含卤素阻燃剂，阻燃剂含量在5％-45％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为甲苯基二苯基磷酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其特征在于，高强度尼龙织物层B由尼龙6或者尼龙66高强度工业长丝编织而成，纤维直径在100D到300D之间，织物密度在50T到240T之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其特征在于，所述纤维直径为210D，织物密度为120T。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其特征在于，将阻燃TPU涂层A涂覆于高强度尼龙织物层B上的方法为：采用刮涂的方式将阻燃TPU涂层A涂覆于高强度尼龙织物层B上；或者用吹膜或流延工艺预先制造阻燃TPU涂层A，然后将阻燃TPU涂层A贴合于高强度尼龙织物层B上；或者采用挤出熔融流延工艺，将阻燃TPU涂层A直接在高强度尼龙织物层B上流延成阻燃TPU涂层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其特征在于，热反射涂层C是含有铝粉或银粉的聚氨酯弹性体或氯丁橡胶；所述聚氨酯弹性体选自聚醚型聚氨酯或聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其特征在于，高强度尼龙织物层B1采用尼龙6或者尼龙66高强度工业长丝编织，纤维直径在500D-1400D。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其特征在于，所述纤维直径为840D。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种民用飞机逃生滑梯用TPU复合材料，其特征在于，低摩擦系数抗静电涂层C1是含有导电成分的聚醚型聚氨酯或聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯；所述导电成分选自导电炭黑、超导电炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯或金属粉；热反射涂层D1是含有铝粉或者银粉的热反射涂层。
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