CN106735907A - 一种宽厚不锈钢板的激光对接平焊方法 - Google Patents

一种宽厚不锈钢板的激光对接平焊方法 Download PDF

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CN106735907A
CN106735907A CN201710008024.5A CN201710008024A CN106735907A CN 106735907 A CN106735907 A CN 106735907A CN 201710008024 A CN201710008024 A CN 201710008024A CN 106735907 A CN106735907 A CN 106735907A
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welding
bulb
laser
weld
neck
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CN106735907B (zh
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王西峰
徐良
杨海锋
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China National Academy Of Machinery Group Qingdao Branch Co ltd
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Qingdao Branch Of China Academy Of Machinery Science And Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24Seam welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60Preliminary treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05Stainless steel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种宽厚不锈钢板的激光对接平焊方法,在钢板的接头处采用I形坡口,在两面的坡口表面上均设有互锁部,互锁部包括前端的球头和后端的颈部,所述球头为球形,颈部为柱状,球头直径大于颈部的直径,所述互锁部在坡口两侧交替布置;显著提高了焊接部位的强度,避免了坡口的反复设计实验,节省了时间,互锁结构采用圆形的球头,避免了焊接后尖角带来的应力集中,导致冷裂纹出现,同时球头直径大于颈部直径,进一步提高了强度。

Description

一种宽厚不锈钢板的激光对接平焊方法
技术领域
本发明属于材料加工技术领域,尤其是涉及一种宽厚不锈钢板的激光对接平焊方法。
背景技术
不锈钢,由于具有优良的力学性能、高韧性和塑性,可加工性以及抗腐蚀性强,被广泛应用于化工、汽车、机械、海运及海洋构件等领域;不锈钢板一般通过连续铸造的方法得到板坯,随后以轧制、锻压,并经过必要热处理后形成可用板材,并在实际应用中往往需要以焊接的方式形成所需的部件或对设备进行安装连接,激光焊是以聚焦的激光束作为能源轰击焊件所产生的热量进行焊接的一种焊接方法,焊接时通过激光辐射加热焊接面,通过控制激光脉冲的宽度、能量、峰值功率和重复频率等参数,使焊接面熔化。激光焊具有能量密度高、熔深大、焊接速度快、变形小及装配间隙适应强的特点,尤其在应用于精密部件焊接和中、厚板的焊接中具有更大的优势。由于实际应用的不锈钢宽厚板的厚度甚至能够到达20-100mm,因而,焊接部位的强度至关重要,在目前的激光焊工艺方法中,主要采用先形成一定Y形或V形坡口,再通过优化焊丝的组分和具体焊接工艺来提高焊接强度,但上述方法对强度提高程度有限,同时对焊料和和具体焊接工艺的反复试验需要耗费大量时间和经费,不适应现代化产业发展的需要。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出了一种尤其适用于宽厚不锈钢板的激光对接平焊方法,采用在坡口上设置互锁部件的方式,提高了焊接强度,改善了焊接质量。
本发明完整的技术方案包括:
一种宽厚不锈钢板的激光对接平焊方法,所述钢板的厚度为40-80mm,优选60-80mm,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)在钢板的接头处采用I形坡口,在两面的坡口表面上均设有互锁部,互锁部包括前端的球头和后端的颈部,所述球头为球形,颈部为柱状,球头直径大于颈部的直径,所述互锁部在坡口两侧交替布置;
2)焊接工艺,采用YAG激光器或CO2激光器,不锈钢实芯焊丝进行三层焊接,第一层焊接时,采用单层双道焊方法,激光离焦量为+10mm-+15mm,激光器功率为2-3KW,焊接速度为0.6-0.8m/min,第一道焊接深度在12mm以内,熔宽大于12-15mm,焊缝熔合线呈椭圆形,完成第一层焊接;在第二层焊接时,采用单层双道焊方法,光离焦量为+8mm-+12mm,激光器功率为3-4KW,焊接速度为0.4-0.5m/min,第三层焊接时,采用单层四道焊方法,光离焦量、激光器功率与焊接速度与第二层相同。
两侧交替布置的互锁部间隔间距为4-8mm,
所述球头和颈部连接处采用倒圆角过渡。
上述三层焊接完成后,观察坡口情况,如果坡口未填满,则继续进行第四层焊接。
本发明相对于现有技术的优点在于:对接平焊的方法工艺简单,之前一般用于薄板或承力要求不大的部位,本发明创造性地采用在I形坡口,即无坡口的对接平焊时,采用首先在坡口两面加工出机械互锁的结构,在焊接完成后,母材和焊料间会形成机械互锁的结构,显著提高了焊接部位的强度,避免了坡口的反复设计实验,节省了时间。互锁结构采用圆形的球头,避免了焊接后尖角带来的应力集中,导致冷裂纹出现,同时球头直径大于颈部直径,进一步提高了强度。
附图说明
图1为本发明坡口机械互锁示意图。
图中:1为球头,2为颈部。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
选择宽厚的奥氏体不锈钢板,奥氏体不锈钢的组分为Cr:22.3%~26.5%;Ni:6%~9%;Mo:0.3%~0.8%;C:0.02-0.06%;Mn:4%~7%;Si:1.0%~1.2%;N:0.05%~0.15%;La:0.011%-0.015%;Sr:0.009%-0.011%;Nb:0.1~0.8%;P≤0.02%,S≤0.02%;余量为铁和杂质。
实施例1:
选择40mm厚钢板,去除在钢板的焊接面的表面油污和氧化膜层,随后采用I形坡口,采用五轴联动数控切割机床进行加工,在两面的坡口表面上均设有互锁部,互锁部包括前端的球头1和后端的颈部2,球头直径为5mm,颈部为柱状,直径φ为4mm,长度为2mm,互锁部在坡口两侧交替布置,间隔间距为5mm,所述球头和颈部连接处采用倒圆角过渡,以降低焊接后该处的应力。采用YAG激光器或CO2激光器,用不锈钢实芯焊丝进行三层焊接,第一层焊接时,采用单层双道焊方法,激光离焦量为+12mm,激光器功率为3KW,焊接速度为0.8m/min,第一道焊接深度在12mm以内,通过增加熔化深度,熔宽大于12-15mm,避免焊接气孔和未熔透的出现,改善焊缝背面成形,焊缝熔合线呈椭圆形,完成第一层焊接;在第二层焊接时,采用单层双道焊方法,光离焦量为+10mm,激光器功率为2.5KW,焊接速度为0.4-0.5m/min,第三层焊接时,采用单层四道焊方法,光离焦量、激光器功率与焊接速度与第二层相同。后面两层焊接时选择相对较低的激光器功率和焊接速度,避免焊缝中出现未熔合、咬边等问题。
3)上述三层焊接完成后,观察坡口情况,如果坡口未填满,则继续进行第四层焊接,焊接参数与第2-3层相同,焊接过程采用氩气保护气氛,氩气流量18L/min。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种宽厚不锈钢板的激光对接平焊方法,所述钢板的厚度为40-80mm,优选60-80mm,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)在钢板的接头处采用I形坡口,在两面的坡口表面上均设有互锁部,互锁部包括前端的球头和后端的颈部,所述球头为球形,颈部为柱状,球头直径大于颈部的直径,所述互锁部在坡口两侧交替布置;
2)焊接工艺,采用YAG激光器或CO2激光器,不锈钢实芯焊丝进行三层焊接,第一层焊接时,采用单层双道焊方法,激光离焦量为+10mm-+15mm,激光器功率为2-3KW,焊接速度为0.6-0.8m/min,第一道焊接深度在12mm以内,熔宽大于12-15mm,焊缝熔合线呈椭圆形,完成第一层焊接;在第二层焊接时,采用单层双道焊方法,光离焦量为+8mm-+12mm,激光器功率为3-4KW,焊接速度为0.4-0.5m/min,第三层焊接时,采用单层四道焊方法,光离焦量、激光器功率与焊接速度与第二层相同。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,两侧交替布置的互锁部间隔间距为4-8mm。
3.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述球头和颈部连接处采用倒圆角过渡。
4.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,焊接过程采用氩气保护气氛。
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101362243A (zh) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-11 江西铜业集团公司 大型铸铁件断裂电弧冷焊修复方法
CN101704164A (zh) * 2009-04-30 2010-05-12 南京理工大学 高能束流焊接熔深倍增方法
CN103111724A (zh) * 2012-12-07 2013-05-22 无锡透平叶片有限公司 一种汽轮机叶片激光熔覆区域裂纹补焊方法
CN105855788A (zh) * 2016-06-03 2016-08-17 金川集团股份有限公司 一种修复球磨铸铁件裂纹的焊接工艺

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101362243A (zh) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-11 江西铜业集团公司 大型铸铁件断裂电弧冷焊修复方法
CN101704164A (zh) * 2009-04-30 2010-05-12 南京理工大学 高能束流焊接熔深倍增方法
CN103111724A (zh) * 2012-12-07 2013-05-22 无锡透平叶片有限公司 一种汽轮机叶片激光熔覆区域裂纹补焊方法
CN105855788A (zh) * 2016-06-03 2016-08-17 金川集团股份有限公司 一种修复球磨铸铁件裂纹的焊接工艺

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