CN106735860A - 一种镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板搅拌摩擦焊方法 - Google Patents

一种镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板搅拌摩擦焊方法 Download PDF

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CN106735860A
CN106735860A CN201710127171.4A CN201710127171A CN106735860A CN 106735860 A CN106735860 A CN 106735860A CN 201710127171 A CN201710127171 A CN 201710127171A CN 106735860 A CN106735860 A CN 106735860A
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CN106735860B (zh
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赵菲
贾登峰
吴志生
马立峰
李岩
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Zhonggang Stainless Steel Pipe Industry Technology Shanxi Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1225Particular aspects of welding with a non-consumable tool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/233Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer

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Abstract

一种镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板搅拌摩擦焊方法,属于金属材料搅拌摩擦焊技术领域,特征是:①依镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板覆层厚度与基层厚度之比小于0.15的要求,计算焊缝金属的含镁量x:x=[1.7h2(1‑x2)]/(2.7h1+1.7h2)式中:h1——基层厚度,h2——覆层厚度;x2——覆层含铝量;②依镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板基层厚度、覆层厚度在焊接手册中确定焊接参数:搅拌头转速r,搅拌针尺寸d、h,搅拌头轴肩尺寸D,焊接速度v;③在搅拌摩擦焊接设备FSW5U中,输入步骤②选定的参数;④将待焊工件装入搅拌摩擦焊接设备中;⑤进行焊接操作。优点是镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板经搅拌摩擦焊后,其焊缝金属为铝镁合金,其焊缝耐蚀性能达到复合板基层防锈铝合金水平。

Description

一种镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板搅拌摩擦焊方法
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料搅拌摩擦焊技术领域,具体涉及一种镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板搅拌摩擦焊方法。
背景技术
镁铝合金具有密度小、比强度高、比刚度高等优点,被誉为“21世纪绿色工程材料”。然而,由于镁铝合金高度的化学活泼性使镁铝合金结构件的耐腐蚀性能较差,既使室温下也会在空气中发生氧化,在潮湿大气、海水、无机酸及盐类等介质中均会引起腐蚀,该应用受到制约。
铝镁合金是绿色环保的工程轻质材料,因其可以形成致密氧化膜,可有效阻止腐蚀发生,具有优良耐蚀性能,广泛应用于船舶舰艇、海洋工程的油气储罐和水下装备等制造业。
因此,将镁铝合金与耐腐蚀的铝镁合金制成层状金属复合板,将具有更小的密度、更大的比强度和比刚度、良好的耐腐蚀性能等综合性能,同时具有质量更轻、价格低廉等优点。
目前,层状金属复合板焊接主要采用熔化焊接方法,其熔化焊接接头存在易产生气孔、晶粒粗大及其抗腐蚀性差等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板搅拌摩擦焊方法,可有效地克服现有技术存在的缺点。
本发明是这样实现的,其特征在于操作步骤是:①根据焊接件镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板的覆层厚度h2与基层厚度h1之比小于0.15的要求,算出搅拌摩擦焊缝金属的含镁量x,x=[1.7h2(1-x2)]/(2.7h1+1.7h2),式中h1为基层厚度, h2为覆层厚度,x2为覆层金属的含铝量;②根据镁铝合金/铝镁合金层状金属复合板的基层、覆层的厚度,依据2014年3月史耀武编写,机械工业出版社出版的《新编焊接数据资料手册》确定焊接能量参数,如搅拌头的转速r,搅拌针的尺寸d、h,搅拌头轴肩尺寸D,焊接速度v;③在搅拌摩擦焊接设备FSW5U的装置中设置步骤②选定的能量参数;④将待焊工件装配固定在搅拌摩擦焊接设备中;⑤进行焊接操作。
本发明的优点及积极效果有:①针对覆层与基层厚度比小于0.15的镁铝合金/铝镁合金层状金属复合板,采用基于焊缝成分控制的镁铝合金/铝镁合金层状金属复合板搅拌摩擦焊接的方法后,使其焊缝金属为铝镁合金,其焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能达到复合板基层防锈铝合金水平;②其接头的抗拉强度提高,接近复合板基层防锈铝合金强度水平。
附图说明
图1 为AZ40M/5A05复合板对接示意图
图2 为搅拌头示意图
图中:A——母材甲 B——母材乙
1——覆层 2——基层 3——焊缝
h1——基层厚度 h2——覆层厚度
D——搅拌头轴肩尺寸 h——搅拌针的长度
d——搅拌针的直径。
具体实施方式
1.如图1所示为母材甲与母材乙搅拌摩擦焊:
以AZ40M/5A05复合板进行搅拌摩擦焊为例,覆层1厚度h2=2mm,基层2厚度h1=18mm,进行搅拌摩擦焊方法,其操作步骤为:
①AZ40M的含铝量x2为3.0%,5A05的含镁量为5.0%,覆层厚度h2与基层厚度h1之比为h2/h1=2/18=0.11<0.15,按公式x = [1.7h2(1-x2)/(2.7h1+1.7h2)] 计算出搅拌摩擦焊缝的含镁量为x=6.4%;
②根据焊接接头层状复合板AZ40M/5A05各组分被搅拌的厚度,依据2014年3月史耀武编写,机械工业出版社出版的《新编焊接数据资料手册》确定焊接能量参数:搅拌头转速为1100r/min,搅拌针尺寸d为8mm、 h为0.2mm,搅拌头轴肩尺寸D为20mm,焊接速度为160mm/min;
③在搅拌摩擦焊接设备FSW5U的装置中设置步骤③选定的能量参数;
④在搅拌摩擦焊机上安装搅拌摩擦焊接工件;
⑤进行AZ40M/5A05层状金属复合板搅拌摩擦焊工艺加工。
本实施例结果表明,焊接接头抗拉强度达到250MPa;化学成分测试与分析表明,焊缝金属为含镁量6.2%的铝镁合金金属;电化学工作站耐海水腐蚀试验结果表明,AZ40M/5A05复合板搅拌摩擦焊接头耐海水腐蚀率为0.054μA/cm2,达到复合板基层5A05铝合金腐蚀率0.047μA/cm2水平。
2. 以母材A与母材B对接为例:AZ80M/5A02复合板进行搅拌摩擦焊。覆层厚度h2=2mm,基层厚度h1=20mm,进行搅拌摩擦焊方法,其操作步骤为:
①AZ80M的含铝量x2为8.0%,5A02的含镁量为2.6%,覆层厚度h2与基层厚度h1之比h2/h1=2/20=0.1<0.15, 按公式x=[1.7h2(1-x2)/(2.7h1+1.7h2)] 计算出搅拌摩擦焊缝的含镁量为x =5.4%;
②根据焊接接头层状金属复合板AZ80M/5A02各组分被搅拌的厚度,依据2014年3月史耀武编写,机械工业出版社出版的《新编焊接数据资料手册》,确定焊接能量参数:搅拌头的转速为1150r/min,搅拌针尺寸d为10mm、 h为0.2mm,搅拌头轴肩尺寸D为22mm,焊接速度为140mm/min;
③在搅拌摩擦焊接设备FSW5U的装置中设置步骤②的能量参数;
④在搅拌摩擦焊机上安装搅拌摩擦焊接工件;
⑤进行AZ80M/5A02层状金属复合板搅拌摩擦焊工艺加工。
本实施例结果表明,焊接接头抗拉强度达到180MPa;化学成分测试与分析表明,焊缝金属为含镁量5.2%的铝镁合金金属;电化学工作站耐海水腐蚀实验表明,AZ80M/5A02层状金属复合板搅拌摩擦焊接头耐海水腐蚀率为0.05μA/cm2,达到复合板基层5A02铝合金腐蚀率0.044μA/cm2水平。

Claims (1)

1.一种镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板搅拌摩擦焊方法,其特征在于操作步骤为:
①根据焊接件镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板的覆层厚度与基层厚度之比小于0.15的要求,按下式计算出搅拌摩擦焊焊缝金属的含镁量x:
x=[1.7h2(1-x2)]/(2.7h1+1.7h2)
式中:h1——基层厚度, h2——覆层厚度;
x2——覆层金属的含铝量;
②根据镁铝合金/铝镁合金复合板基层、覆层的厚度,依据《新编焊接数据资料手册》确定焊接能量参数:搅拌头转速r,搅拌针的尺寸d、h,搅拌头轴肩尺寸D,焊接速度v;
③在搅拌摩擦焊接设备FSW5U中,输入步骤②选定的能量参数;
④将待焊的工件装入搅拌摩擦焊接设备中;
⑤进行焊接操作。
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Address after: 030600 North of No. 7 Road of Huitong Industrial Park, Jinzhong Development Zone, Jinzhong Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone, Shanxi Province

Patentee after: Zhonggang Stainless Steel Pipe Industry Technology Shanxi Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 030600 North of No. 7 Road of Huitong Industrial Park, Jinzhong Development Zone, Jinzhong Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone, Shanxi Province

Patentee before: SINOSTEEL STAINLESS STEEL PIPE TECHNOLOGY SHANXI CO.,LTD.