CN106735828A - A kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large-scale spherical shell side seam - Google Patents

A kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large-scale spherical shell side seam Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106735828A
CN106735828A CN201510800631.6A CN201510800631A CN106735828A CN 106735828 A CN106735828 A CN 106735828A CN 201510800631 A CN201510800631 A CN 201510800631A CN 106735828 A CN106735828 A CN 106735828A
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welding
spherical shell
electro
filler strip
electron beam
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CN106735828B (en
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付鹏飞
毛智勇
唐振云
王西昌
崔向中
李凯
张田
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AVIC Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute
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AVIC Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0006Electron-beam welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0026Auxiliary equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0033Preliminary treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046Welding
    • B23K15/0053Seam welding
    • B23K15/0066Seam welding with backing means disposed under the seams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/04Electron-beam welding or cutting for welding annular seams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/06Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups

Abstract

A kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large-scale spherical shell side seam, is characterized in that:The first step, manufactures filler strip structure;Second step, electron gun is transposed to horizontal rifle position and puts, and carrying out electro-beam welding process using flat test piece tests and determine welding parameter;3rd step, adjusts welding position and clears up filler strip surface;4th step, is assembled before the weldering that episphere and lower semisphere are completed by weld jig;5th step, completes the planning of the electron beam spot welding positioning and path of welding of spherical shell after the part loading vacuum chamber that will be assembled;6th step, electron beam soldering and sealing is carried out to spherical shell workpiece;7th step, carries out electron beam modification welding;8th step, high pressure is closed after completing welding, and vacuum chamber opens vacuum chamber and takes out welding workpiece after deflating;The row for being conducive to metallic vapour using the technical scheme is escaped, it is to avoid the defect of weld porosity, is reduced mismachining tolerance, is improve line and welding position accuracy of alignment in welding process, improves welding quality.

Description

A kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large-scale spherical shell side seam
Technical field
The present invention relates to horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method technical field, specifically a kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large-scale spherical shell side seam.
Background technology
In engineering practice in many cases, as ocean, ship, chemical industry, field of power carry out integration welding manufacture, the particularly welding of maximum gauge equator horizontal level, it is necessary to be directed to big thickness, large-scale spherical shell structure;Usual thickness is more than 50mm, with diameter greater than 1.5m, in order to obtain more preferable welding quality and performance, for such large scale, big thickness spherical shell structure, such as bathyscaph manned capsule, Russia uses argon arc welding of narrow gap welding manufacture, and the electron beam welding manufacture technology that the U.S. and Japan and other countries are used, limited by large-scale spherical shell Workpiece structure form, traditional welding method is faced with following difficult point and problem:First, thickness is big, diameter is big, weld seam is long, and speed of welding is slow, and welding interval is long, and efficiency is low, and such as argon arc welding not only needs to prepare welding groove, filler wire welding, layering welding, and needs multiple positive and negative upset two-sided welding;Secondly, the difficult control of welding quality, the argon arc welding welding number of plies is more, and weld interval is long, it is necessary to repeatedly cleared up, and easily causes that tungsten clip is miscellaneous and produce stomata, and internal soundness is difficult to control to.Perpendicular rifle electron beam welding of the prior art needs to lock heelpiece bar using the back side, and large-scale spherical shell only allows to use without filler strip or thin filler strip(Less than 20mm)Structure, welding technology margin is small, and back of weld shaping control is difficult, and the root of weld is also easy to produce nail tip and gas hole defect.On the other hand, welding cost is high.Argon arc welding needs many set frock clamps, and the frock clamp for erecting rifle electron beam welding is also larger, therefore, welding cost is costly.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention, exactly solves problem present in above technology, and for this provides a kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large-scale spherical shell side seam.
A kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large-scale spherical shell side seam, the first step manufactures filler strip structure;Second step, electron gun is transposed to horizontal rifle position and puts, and carrying out electro-beam welding process using flat test piece tests and determine welding parameter;3rd step, adjusts welding position and clears up filler strip surface;4th step, is assembled before the weldering that episphere and lower semisphere are completed by weld jig;5th step, completes the planning of the electron beam spot welding positioning and path of welding of spherical shell after the part loading vacuum chamber that will be assembled;6th step, electron beam soldering and sealing is carried out to spherical shell workpiece;7th step, carries out electron beam modification welding;8th step, high pressure is closed after completing welding, and vacuum chamber opens vacuum chamber and takes out welding workpiece after deflating.
Further, filler strip structure in the first step is annulus filler strip, the annulus filler strip is divided into 2-6 sections, every section of filler strip segmental arc external diameter matches with spherical shell internal diameter, filler strip 20-50mm of width, 5-15mm of thickness, the outer surface of annulus filler strip is additionally provided with the air bleed slot for arranging ease metal vapors, the deflation 0.5-2mm of groove depth, 3-6mm of width, filler strip edge chamfer 2mm × 2mm.
Further, the size of the flat test piece in the second step is 200mm × 200mm, and welding parameter is accelerating potential UaIt is 150kV, focus current If1It is 2380-2410mA, welding line Ib1For 240-260mA, speed of welding v be 8mm/s, and beat scanning circle, 0.2-0.8mm of scan amplitude, 200-800Hz of frequency.
Further, the cleaning filler strip surface in the 3rd step is to remove surface film oxide using wire brush mechanical grinding, exposes metallic luster;Episphere in 4th step and the filler strip structure using argon arc welding spot welding spherical shell outer surface position while welding and inner side is assembled into before the weldering of lower semisphere, the butt-joint clearance of welding position is less than 0.1-0.2mm, and welding position docking jump is less than 0.5mm.
Further, the adjustment welding position of the 3rd step and clear up in filler strip surface process, filler strip segmental arc outer surface is fitted with the assembling of welding position inner surface, and deflation groove center is alignd with weld seam.
Further, the planning of the electron beam spot welding positioning and path of welding of spherical shell refers to rotate workpiece by kinematic system circular weld in 5th step, electron beam spot welding is carried out at interval of 10 ° of use 5-20mA tuftlets streams, i tracing point on record path of welding, coordinate is denoted as(X1, z1)—(Xi, zi), mended using straight linear difference between tracing point.
Further, in the 6th step it is using accelerating potential U to spherical shell workpiece electron beam soldering and sealing processaIt is 150kV, focus current If2It is If1, welding line Ib2For 40-55mA, speed of welding v for the parameter of 8mm/s carries out weld seam, the parameter of beat scanning carries out electro-beam welding process and tests and determine that the welding parameter in welding parameter is identical with foregoing use flat test piece, realize the soldering and sealing of spherical shell workpiece, when welded gaps are more than 0.2mm, the corresponding welding beam that reduces flow to Ib-(3—5)mA;.
Further, the 7th step carry out electron beam modification welding during, beam center position is offset up into the mm of Δ 0.1-0.3 during modification welding, focus current is supreme defocuses I for adjustmentf3It is 2510mA, sweep parameter carries out electro-beam welding process and tests and determine that the welding parameter in welding parameter is identical with foregoing use flat test piece, welding line is reduced to 55mA carries out electron beam modification welding.
Further, the 7th step carry out electron beam modification welding during, focus current is supreme defocuses I for adjustmentf1+(50—150)MA, 1-1.2 times of adjustment beat sweep length spoke value to initial value, welding line is reduced to(1/5—1/4)Ib, it is ensured that lectron beam spot diameter is 0.8-1.2 times of face of weld molten wide, and screw shell workpiece carries out electron beam modification welding, melts face of weld reinforcement by modification welding and closely stitches base material, makes its flowing larger depression of filling, makes connector area rounding off.
Advantages of the present invention:
1, filler strip is conducive to the row of metallic vapour to escape, it is to avoid weld porosity, the defect of cold shut;
2, the discrete design multiple spot welding position in spherical shell fusion length, as path of welding tracing point, recording track point relative coordinate, mismachining tolerance, rigging error are reduced to welding the influence of positional precision, line and welding position accuracy of alignment in welding process are improve, welding quality is improve, appearance of weld is improved;
3, using electron beam soldering and sealing mode, strengthen the positioning assembling of upper and lower spherical shell, it is to avoid deform in welding process, misplace, ftracture;
4, electron beam modification welding method being offset up using line, defocusing is conducive to eliminating weld seam exceeded undercut, the defect of cob webbing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of large-scale spherical shell;
Fig. 2 is the broken section structure schematic diagram of large-scale spherical shell
Fig. 3 is the structure schematic diagram of filler strip structure of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order that the present invention is easier to be understood, technical scheme is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 1-3, a kind of large-scale horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of spherical shell side seam, the first step manufactures filler strip structure;Second step, electron gun is transposed to horizontal rifle position and puts, and carrying out electro-beam welding process using flat test piece tests and determine welding parameter;3rd step, adjusts welding position and clears up filler strip surface;4th step, is assembled before the weldering that episphere and lower semisphere are completed by weld jig;5th step, completes the planning of the electron beam spot welding positioning and path of welding of spherical shell after the part loading vacuum chamber that will be assembled;6th step, electron beam soldering and sealing is carried out to spherical shell workpiece;7th step, carries out electron beam modification welding;8th step, high pressure is closed after completing welding, and vacuum chamber opens vacuum chamber and takes out welding workpiece after deflating.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Fig. 1-3, a kind of large-scale horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of spherical shell side seam, the first step, the manufacture structure of filler strip 4, the structure of filler strip 4 is annulus filler strip, and the annulus filler strip is divided into 2-6 sections, and every section of segmental arc external diameter of filler strip 4 matches with spherical shell internal diameter, 20-the 50mm of width of filler strip 4,5-15mm of thickness, the outer surface of annulus filler strip is additionally provided with the air bleed slot for arranging ease metal vapors, 0.5-2mm of the deflation groove depth, 3-6mm of width, the edge chamfer 2mm of filler strip 4 × 2mm;Second step, electron gun is transposed to horizontal rifle position and puts, and carrying out electro-beam welding process using flat test piece tests and determine welding parameter, and the size of flat test piece is 200mm × 200mm, and welding parameter is accelerating potential UaIt is 150kV, focus current If1It is 2380-2410mA, welding line Ib1For 240-260mA, speed of welding v be 8mm/s, and beat scanning circle, 0.2-0.8mm of scan amplitude, 200-800Hz of frequency;3rd step, the surface of filler strip 4 is simultaneously cleared up in adjustment welding position, and cleaning filler strip 4 surface is to remove surface film oxide using wire brush mechanical grinding, exposes metallic luster, the segmental arc outer surface of filler strip 4 is fitted with the assembling of welding position inner surface during being somebody's turn to do, and deflation groove center is alignd with weld seam 2;4th step, is assembled before the weldering that episphere 1 and lower semisphere 3 are completed by weld jig, and using the position of argon arc welding spot welding spherical shell outer surface weld seam 2 and the structure of filler strip 4 of inner side, the butt-joint clearance of welding position is less than 0.1-0.2mm, and welding position docking jump is less than 0.5mm;5th step, the planning of the electron beam spot welding positioning and path of welding of spherical shell is completed after the part loading vacuum chamber that will be assembled, weld seam 2 to annular rotates workpiece by kinematic system, at interval of 10 °, electron beam spot welding is carried out using 5-20mA tuftlets stream, i tracing point on record path of welding, coordinate is denoted as(X1, z1)—(Xi, zi), mended using straight linear difference between tracing point;6th step, electron beam soldering and sealing is carried out to spherical shell workpiece, using accelerating potential UaIt is 150kV, focus current If2It is If1, welding line Ib2For 40-55mA, speed of welding v for the parameter of 8mm/s carries out weld seam, the parameter of beat scanning carries out electro-beam welding process and tests and determine that the welding parameter in welding parameter is identical with foregoing use flat test piece, realize the soldering and sealing of spherical shell workpiece, when welded gaps are more than 0.2mm, the corresponding welding beam that reduces flow to Ib-(3—5)mA;7th step, carry out electron beam modification welding, welding parameter also carries out electro-beam welding process with the use flat test piece in foregoing second step and tests and determine that the welding parameter in welding parameter is identical, beam center position is offset up into the mm of Δ 0.1-0.3 during modification welding, focus current is supreme defocuses I for adjustmentfIt is 2510mA, sweep parameter carries out electro-beam welding process and tests and determine that the welding parameter in welding parameter is identical with foregoing use flat test piece, welding line is reduced to 55mA carries out electron beam modification welding, focus current is supreme defocuses I for adjustmentf1+(50—150)MA, 1-1.2 times of adjustment beat sweep length spoke value to initial value, welding line is reduced to(1/5—1/4)Ib, it is ensured that lectron beam spot diameter is 0.8-1.2 times of face of weld molten wide, and screw shell workpiece carries out electron beam modification welding, melts face of weld reinforcement by modification welding and closely stitches base material, makes its flowing larger depression of filling, makes connector area rounding off;8th step, high pressure is closed after completing welding, and vacuum chamber opens vacuum chamber and takes out welding workpiece after deflating.
After the method, removal back of weld filler strip 4 carries out radiographic inspection inspection, and the mass of weld seam 2 meets I grade of JB4730.2 standards, and without defects such as exceeded stomatas, welding deformation size is can be controlled within 2mm.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large-scale spherical shell side seam, it is characterised in that:The first step, manufactures filler strip structure;Second step, electron gun is transposed to horizontal rifle position and puts, and carrying out electro-beam welding process using flat test piece tests and determine welding parameter;3rd step, adjusts welding position and clears up filler strip surface;4th step, is assembled before the weldering that episphere and lower semisphere are completed by weld jig;5th step, completes the planning of the electron beam spot welding positioning and path of welding of spherical shell after the part loading vacuum chamber that will be assembled;6th step, electron beam soldering and sealing is carried out to spherical shell workpiece;7th step, carries out electron beam modification welding;8th step, high pressure is closed after completing welding, and vacuum chamber opens vacuum chamber and takes out welding workpiece after deflating.
2. a kind of large-scale horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of spherical shell side seam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Filler strip structure in the first step is annulus filler strip, the annulus filler strip is divided into 2-6 sections, every section of filler strip segmental arc external diameter matches with spherical shell internal diameter, 20-50mm of filler strip width, 5-15mm of thickness, the outer surface of annulus filler strip is additionally provided with the air bleed slot for arranging ease metal vapors, 0.5-2mm of the deflation groove depth, 3-6mm of width, filler strip edge chamfer 2mm × 2mm.
3. a kind of large-scale horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of spherical shell side seam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The size of the flat test piece in the second step is 200mm × 200mm, and welding parameter is accelerating potential UaIt is 150kV, focus current If1It is 2380-2410mA, welding line Ib1For 240-260mA, speed of welding v be 8mm/s, and beat scanning circle, 0.2-0.8mm of scan amplitude, 200-800Hz of frequency.
4. a kind of large-scale horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of spherical shell side seam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Cleaning filler strip surface in 3rd step is to remove surface film oxide using wire brush mechanical grinding, exposes metallic luster;Episphere in 4th step and the filler strip structure using argon arc welding spot welding spherical shell outer surface position while welding and inner side is assembled into before the weldering of lower semisphere, the butt-joint clearance of welding position is less than 0.1-0.2mm, and welding position docking jump is less than 0.5mm.
5. the horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of a kind of large-scale spherical shell side seam according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that:The adjustment welding position of the 3rd step is simultaneously cleared up in filler strip surface process, filler strip segmental arc outer surface is fitted with the assembling of welding position inner surface, and deflation groove center is alignd with weld seam.
6. a kind of large-scale horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of spherical shell side seam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The planning of the electron beam spot welding positioning and path of welding of spherical shell refers to rotate workpiece by kinematic system circular weld in 5th step, and electron beam spot welding is carried out at interval of 10 ° of use 5-20mA tuftlets streams, and i tracing point on record path of welding, coordinate is denoted as(X1, z1)—(Xi, zi), mended using straight linear difference between tracing point.
7. a kind of large-scale horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of spherical shell side seam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In 6th step is using accelerating potential U to spherical shell workpiece electron beam soldering and sealing processaIt is 150kV, focus current If2It is If1, welding line Ib2For 40-55mA, speed of welding v for the parameter of 8mm/s carries out weld seam, the parameter of beat scanning carries out electro-beam welding process and tests and determine that the welding parameter in welding parameter is identical with foregoing use flat test piece, realizes the soldering and sealing of spherical shell workpiece.
8. a kind of large-scale horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of spherical shell side seam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:7th step carry out electron beam modification welding during, beam center position is offset up into the mm of Δ 0.1-0.3 during modification welding, focus current is supreme defocuses I for adjustmentf3It is 2510mA, sweep parameter carries out electro-beam welding process and tests and determine that the welding parameter in welding parameter is identical with foregoing use flat test piece, welding line is reduced to 55mA carries out electron beam modification welding.
9. the horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of a kind of large-scale spherical shell side seam according to claim 1 or 8, it is characterised in that:7th step carry out electron beam modification welding during, focus current is supreme defocuses I for adjustmentf1+(50—150)MA, 1-1.2 times of adjustment beat sweep length spoke value to initial value, welding line is reduced to 1/5-1/4Ib, it is ensured that lectron beam spot diameter is 0.8-1.2 times of face of weld molten wide, and screw shell workpiece carries out electron beam modification welding, melts face of weld reinforcement by modification welding and closely stitches base material, makes its flowing larger depression of filling, makes connector area rounding off.
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CN108857032A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-23 中国航空制造技术研究院 A kind of horizontal rifle electron beam repair method of spherical shell equator weld seam
CN108890113A (en) * 2018-08-28 2018-11-27 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 A kind of pressure-resistant cabin hemispherical Shell and hatch part welding tooling and the method welded with it
CN110508916A (en) * 2019-08-20 2019-11-29 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 The electro-beam welding joint structure and its welding method of spherical cabin equator seam
CN111761192A (en) * 2020-06-10 2020-10-13 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Vacuum preheating electron beam welding method for annular welding line of pressure-resistant shell
CN114012231A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-02-08 沈阳航天新光集团有限公司 Electron beam welding method for electric explosion valve
CN114346624A (en) * 2022-03-15 2022-04-15 湖南湘投金天科技集团有限责任公司 Preparation method of titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell
CN116673581A (en) * 2023-07-28 2023-09-01 中国航空制造技术研究院 Welding method for plane sector-shaped closed weld joint, terminal equipment and storage medium

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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108857032A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-23 中国航空制造技术研究院 A kind of horizontal rifle electron beam repair method of spherical shell equator weld seam
CN108890113A (en) * 2018-08-28 2018-11-27 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 A kind of pressure-resistant cabin hemispherical Shell and hatch part welding tooling and the method welded with it
CN110508916A (en) * 2019-08-20 2019-11-29 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 The electro-beam welding joint structure and its welding method of spherical cabin equator seam
CN110508916B (en) * 2019-08-20 2021-07-16 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 Electron beam welding joint structure of red channel joint of spherical cabin and welding method thereof
CN111761192A (en) * 2020-06-10 2020-10-13 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Vacuum preheating electron beam welding method for annular welding line of pressure-resistant shell
CN114012231A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-02-08 沈阳航天新光集团有限公司 Electron beam welding method for electric explosion valve
CN114346624A (en) * 2022-03-15 2022-04-15 湖南湘投金天科技集团有限责任公司 Preparation method of titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell
CN116673581A (en) * 2023-07-28 2023-09-01 中国航空制造技术研究院 Welding method for plane sector-shaped closed weld joint, terminal equipment and storage medium
CN116673581B (en) * 2023-07-28 2023-10-20 中国航空制造技术研究院 Welding method for plane sector-shaped closed weld joint, terminal equipment and storage medium

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