CN106735828B - A kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large size spherical shell side seam - Google Patents
A kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large size spherical shell side seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN106735828B CN106735828B CN201510800631.6A CN201510800631A CN106735828B CN 106735828 B CN106735828 B CN 106735828B CN 201510800631 A CN201510800631 A CN 201510800631A CN 106735828 B CN106735828 B CN 106735828B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0006—Electron-beam welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0026—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
- B23K15/0066—Seam welding with backing means disposed under the seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/04—Electron-beam welding or cutting for welding annular seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large size spherical shell side seam, is characterized in that: the first step manufactures filler strip structure；Second step, electron gun are transposed to horizontal rifle position and set, and carry out electro-beam welding process test using flat test piece and determine welding parameter；Third step adjusts welding position and clears up filler strip surface；4th step is assembled before completing the weldering of episphere and lower semisphere by welding fixture；5th step completes the electron beam spot welding positioning of spherical shell and the planning of path of welding after the part assembled is packed into vacuum chamber；6th step carries out electron beam soldering and sealing to spherical shell workpiece；7th step carries out electron beam modification welding；8th step closes high pressure after completing welding, and vacuum chamber opens vacuum chamber after deflating and takes out welding workpiece；The row's ease for being conducive to metallic vapour using the technical solution, avoids the defect of weld porosity, reduces mismachining tolerance, improves line and welding position accuracy of alignment in welding process, improves welding quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a horizontal gun electron beam welding method, in particular to a horizontal welding seam horizontal gun electron beam welding method for a large spherical shell.
Background
In many cases of engineering practice, such as the fields of oceans, ships, chemical engineering and electric power systems, integral welding manufacturing needs to be carried out on large-thickness and large-scale spherical shell structures, particularly the welding at the horizontal position of the equator with the largest diameter; generally, the thickness is more than 50mm, the diameter is more than 1.5m, in order to obtain better welding quality and use performance, for such large-size and large-thickness spherical shell structures, such as deep submersible manned cabin russia, narrow-gap argon arc welding is adopted for manufacturing, while electron beam welding manufacturing technologies adopted in the countries of the united states, japan and the like are limited by the structural form of the large spherical shell workpiece, and the traditional welding method faces the following difficulties and problems: firstly, the thickness is large, the diameter is large, the welding seam is long, the welding speed is slow, the welding period is long, and the efficiency is low, for example, argon arc welding not only needs to prepare a welding groove, fill wire welding and layered welding, but also needs to turn over the double-sided welding on the front and back sides for many times; secondly, the welding quality is difficult to control, the number of welding layers of argon arc welding is large, the welding time is long, multiple cleaning is needed, tungsten inclusions and pores are easy to generate, and the internal quality is difficult to control. In the prior art, the back face backing strip needs to be locked in the electron beam welding of the vertical gun, the large spherical shell is only allowed to adopt a structure without the backing strip or a thin backing strip (less than 20 mm), the welding process margin is small, the forming control of the back face of a welding seam is difficult, and the defects of nail points and air holes are easily generated at the root part of the welding seam. On the other hand, welding costs are high. Argon arc welding needs a plurality of sets of tool fixtures, and the tool fixture for vertical gun electron beam welding is also large, so that the welding cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a horizontal welding seam cross gun electron beam welding method for a large spherical shell.
A horizontal welding seam electron beam welding method of a large spherical shell comprises the following steps of manufacturing a filler strip structure; secondly, exchanging the electron gun to a horizontal gun position, carrying out an electron beam welding process test by adopting a flat plate test piece and determining welding parameters; thirdly, adjusting the welding position and cleaning the surface of the filler strip; fourthly, assembling the upper hemisphere and the lower hemisphere before welding through a welding clamp; fifthly, after the assembled parts are arranged in a vacuum chamber, electron beam spot welding positioning and welding path planning of the spherical shell are completed; sixthly, performing electron beam seal welding on the spherical shell workpiece; seventhly, performing electron beam modification welding; and step eight, closing the high pressure after welding is finished, and opening the vacuum chamber to take out the welding workpiece after the vacuum chamber is deflated.
Further, the filler strip structure in the first step is the ring filler strip, and this ring filler strip divide into 2-6 sections, and every section filler strip arc section external diameter and spherical shell internal diameter phase-match, filler strip width 20-50 mm, thickness 5-15 mm, the surface of ring filler strip still is equipped with the gas release groove that is used for escaping metal vapour, and this gas release groove degree of depth is 0.5-2 mm, width 3-6 mm, filler strip edge chamfer 2mm x 2 mm.
Further, the size of the flat plate test piece in the second step is 200mm multiplied by 200mm, and the welding parameter is the acceleration voltage UaIs 150kV and a focusing current If12380-2410 mA, welding beam current Ib1240-260 mA, 8mm/s welding speed v, circular deflection scanning, 0.2-0.8 mm scanning amplitude and 200-800 Hz frequency.
Further, the surface of the cleaning filler strip in the third step is polished by a steel wire brush machine to remove an oxide film on the surface, so that the metallic luster is exposed; and in the fourth step, the assembly before welding of the upper hemisphere and the lower hemisphere adopts an argon arc welding spot welding ball shell outer surface welding seam position and an inner side backing strip structure, the butt joint gap of the welding position is less than 0.1-0.2 mm, and the butt joint step difference of the welding position is less than 0.5 mm.
And further, in the process of adjusting the welding position and cleaning the surface of the backing strip in the third step, assembling and attaching the outer surface of the arc section of the backing strip and the inner surface of the welding position, and aligning the center of the vent groove with the welding seam.
Furthermore, the planning of the electron beam spot welding positioning and welding path of the spherical shell in the fifth step means that the workpiece is rotated by a motion system for the annular welding line, the electron beam spot welding is carried out by adopting 5-20 mA small beam current at intervals of 10 degrees, i track points on the welding path are recorded, coordinates are recorded as (x 1, z 1) - (xi, zi), and linear difference compensation is adopted among the track points.
Further, the electron beam sealing and welding process of the spherical shell workpiece in the sixth step adopts an accelerating voltage UaIs 150kV and a focusing current If2Is If1Welding beam current Ib2Welding seams are carried out for parameters of 40-55 mA and welding speed v of 8mm/s, the parameters of deflection scanning are the same as the parameters of the electron beam welding process test carried out by adopting the flat plate test piece and the welding parameters in the welding parameters are determined, the sealing welding of the spherical shell workpiece is realized, and when the welding gap is more than 0.2mm, the welding beam current is correspondingly reduced to Ib－（3—5）mA；。
Furthermore, in the seventh step of performing electron beam modification welding, the center position of the beam current is shifted upwards by delta 0.1-0.3 mm during modification welding, and the focusing current is adjustedFlow to upper defocus If3And the scanning parameter is 2510mA, the scanning parameter is the same as the welding parameter in the electron beam welding process test and the welding parameter determination of the flat plate test piece, and the welding beam current is reduced to 55mA for electron beam modification welding.
Further, in the seventh step of performing electron beam modification welding, the focusing current is adjusted to the upper defocusing If1Regulating amplitude of deflection scanning width to 1-1.2 times of original value, and reducing welding beam current to (1/5-1/4) IbThe diameter of the beam spot of the electron beam is ensured to be 0.8-1.2 times of the weld surface fusion width, the spherical shell workpiece is rotated to carry out electron beam modification welding, and the extra height of the weld surface and the near seam base material are melted by modification welding to enable the extra height to flow and fill a larger recess, so that the joint area is in smooth transition.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the filler strip is beneficial to the escape of metal steam, and the defects of welding seam air holes and cold shut are avoided;
2, a plurality of spot welding positions are discretely designed on the length of the welding seam of the spherical shell and used as welding path track points, and relative coordinates of the track points are recorded, so that the influence of machining errors and assembly errors on the precision of the welding position is reduced, the centering precision of the beam and the welding position in the welding process is improved, the welding quality is improved, and the formation of the welding seam is improved;
3, the positioning assembly of the upper spherical shell and the lower spherical shell is enhanced by adopting an electron beam seal welding mode, and deformation, dislocation and cracking in the welding process are avoided;
and 4, the beam-upward-offset defocused electron beam modification welding method is adopted, so that the defects of excessive undercut and poor forming of the welding seam are overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large spherical shell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial sectional structure of a large spherical shell
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the furring strip structure of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is given with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a horizontal welding seam electron beam welding method for large spherical shell, first step, manufacturing a filler strip structure; secondly, exchanging the electron gun to a horizontal gun position, carrying out an electron beam welding process test by adopting a flat plate test piece and determining welding parameters; thirdly, adjusting the welding position and cleaning the surface of the filler strip; fourthly, assembling the upper hemisphere and the lower hemisphere before welding through a welding clamp; fifthly, after the assembled parts are arranged in a vacuum chamber, electron beam spot welding positioning and welding path planning of the spherical shell are completed; sixthly, performing electron beam seal welding on the spherical shell workpiece; seventhly, performing electron beam modification welding; and step eight, closing the high pressure after welding is finished, and opening the vacuum chamber to take out the welding workpiece after the vacuum chamber is deflated.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1-3, a large-scale spherical shell horizontal welding seam horizontal gun electron beam welding method, the first step, make the structure of filler strip 4, the structure of filler strip 4 is a ring filler strip, the ring filler strip is divided into 2-6 sections, 4 arc external diameters of each section of filler strip match with inner diameter of spherical shell, the width of filler strip 4 is 20-50 mm, thickness is 5-15 mm, the external surface of the ring filler strip also has air relief grooves used for discharging the metal vapour, the depth of the air relief groove is 0.5-2 mm, the width is 3-6 mm, the edge chamfer of filler strip 4 is 2mm x 2 mm; secondly, the electron gun is changed to the position of a transverse gun, a flat plate test piece is adopted to carry out an electron beam welding process test and determine welding parameters, the size of the flat plate test piece is 200mm multiplied by 200mm, and the welding parameters are accelerating voltage UaIs 150kV and a focusing current If12380-2410 mA, welding beam current Ib1240-260 mA, 8mm/s welding speed v, circular deflection scanning, 0.2-0.8 mm scanning amplitude and 200-800 Hz frequency; thirdly, adjusting the welding position and cleaning the surface of the filler strip 4, wherein the surface of the filler strip 4 is cleaned by removing an oxide film on the surface by adopting a steel brush machine to expose metallic luster, the outer surface of the arc section of the filler strip 4 is assembled and attached with the inner surface of the welding position in the process, and the center of the vent groove is aligned with the welding seam 2; fourthly, the pre-welding assembly of the upper hemisphere 1 and the lower hemisphere 3 is completed through a welding fixture, and argon arc welding spot welding balls are adoptedThe welding seam 2 position of the outer surface of the shell and the structure of the filler strip 4 at the inner side have the butt joint clearance of less than 0.1-0.2 mm and the butt joint step difference of less than 0.5 mm; fifthly, after the assembled parts are arranged in a vacuum chamber, electron beam spot welding positioning and welding path planning of the spherical shell are completed, the workpiece is rotated by a motion system for the annular welding seam 2 at intervals of 10 degrees, electron beam spot welding is performed by adopting 5-20 mA small beam current, i track points on the welding path are recorded, coordinates are recorded as (x 1, z 1) — (xi, zi), and linear difference compensation is adopted among the track points; sixthly, performing electron beam sealing welding on the spherical shell workpiece by adopting an accelerating voltage UaIs 150kV and a focusing current If2Is If1Welding beam current Ib2Welding seams are carried out for parameters of 40-55 mA and welding speed v of 8mm/s, the parameters of deflection scanning are the same as the parameters of the electron beam welding process test carried out by adopting the flat plate test piece and the welding parameters in the welding parameters are determined, the sealing welding of the spherical shell workpiece is realized, and when the welding gap is more than 0.2mm, the welding beam current is correspondingly reduced to Ib- (3-5) mA; seventhly, performing electron beam modification welding, wherein welding parameters are the same as those in the electron beam welding process test by adopting the flat test piece in the second step and the welding parameters in the welding parameters are determined, the central position of the beam is shifted upwards by delta 0.1-0.3 mm during modification welding, and focusing current is adjusted to defocus up to If2510mA, the scanning parameters are the same as those of the welding parameters determined by the electron beam welding process test using the flat plate test piece, the welding beam current is reduced to 55mA for electron beam modification welding, and the focusing current is adjusted to the upper defocusing If1Regulating amplitude of deflection scanning width to 1-1.2 times of original value, and reducing welding beam current to (1/5-1/4) IbEnsuring that the diameter of the beam spot of the electron beam is 0.8-1.2 times of the weld surface fusion width, rotating the spherical shell workpiece to perform electron beam modification welding, and melting the weld surface excess height and the near-seam base material through modification welding to enable the weld surface excess height and the near-seam base material to flow and fill a larger recess, so that a joint area is in smooth transition; and step eight, closing the high pressure after welding is finished, and opening the vacuum chamber to take out the welding workpiece after the vacuum chamber is deflated.
After the method is adopted, the backing strip 4 on the back of the welding seam is removed for radiographic inspection, the quality of the welding seam 2 meets JB4730.2 standard level I, the defects such as overproof pores and the like are avoided, and the welding deformation size can be controlled within 2 mm.
Claims (5)
1. A horizontal welding seam horizontal gun electron beam welding method for a large spherical shell is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first step, the first step is that,
manufacturing a filler strip structure; secondly, exchanging the electron gun to a horizontal gun position, carrying out an electron beam welding process test by adopting a flat plate test piece and determining welding parameters; thirdly, adjusting the welding position and cleaning the surface of the filler strip; fourthly, assembling the upper hemisphere and the lower hemisphere before welding through a welding clamp; fifthly, after the assembled parts are arranged in a vacuum chamber, electron beam spot welding positioning and welding path planning of the spherical shell are completed; sixthly, performing electron beam seal welding on the spherical shell workpiece; seventhly, performing electron beam modification welding; eighthly, closing the high pressure after welding is finished, and opening the vacuum chamber to take out the welding workpiece after the vacuum chamber is deflated; wherein,
the thickness of the spherical shell to be welded in the steps is more than 50mm, and the diameter is more than 1.5 m;
the gasket strip structure in the first step is a circular gasket strip which is divided into 2-6 sections, the outer diameter of the arc section of each section of gasket strip is matched with the inner diameter of the spherical shell, the width of the gasket strip is 20-50 mm, the thickness of the gasket strip is 5-15 mm, the outer surface of the circular gasket strip is also provided with an air discharge groove for discharging metal steam, the depth of the air discharge groove is 0.5-2 mm, the width of the air discharge groove is 3-6 mm, and the edge of the gasket strip is chamfered by 2mm multiplied by 2 mm;
the fifth step of planning the electron beam spot welding positioning and welding path of the spherical shell is to rotate a workpiece by a motion system for an annular welding line, perform electron beam spot welding by adopting 5-20 mA small beam current at intervals of 10 degrees, record i track points on the welding path, and record coordinates as (x 1, z 1) - (xi, zi), wherein linear difference compensation is adopted among the track points;
the electron beam sealing welding process of the spherical shell workpiece in the sixth step adopts an accelerating voltage UaIs 150kV and a focusing current If2Is If1Welding beam current Ib2Welding seam is carried out for parameters of 40-55 mA and welding speed v is 8mm/s, and the parameters of deflection scanning and the parameters of the electron beam are carried out by adopting the flat plate test pieceWelding process tests and determining that welding parameters in the welding parameters are the same, so as to realize sealing welding of the spherical shell workpiece;
in the seventh step of performing electron beam modification welding, the center position of the beam is shifted upwards by delta 0.1-0.3 mm during modification welding, and the focusing current is adjusted to defocus up to If3And the scanning parameter is 2510mA, the scanning parameter is the same as the welding parameter in the electron beam welding process test and the welding parameter determination of the flat plate test piece, and the welding beam current is reduced to 55mA for electron beam modification welding.
2. The large spherical shell horizontal weld horizontal gun electron beam welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the size of the flat plate test piece in the second step is 200mm multiplied by 200mm, and the welding parameter is the accelerating voltage UaIs 150kV and a focusing current If12380-2410 mA, welding beam current Ib1240-260 mA, 8mm/s welding speed v, circular deflection scanning, 0.2-0.8 mm scanning amplitude and 200-800 Hz frequency.
3. The large spherical shell horizontal weld horizontal gun electron beam welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface of the cleaning filler strip in the third step is polished by a steel wire brush machine to remove an oxide film on the surface and expose the metallic luster; and in the fourth step, the assembly before welding of the upper hemisphere and the lower hemisphere adopts an argon arc welding spot welding ball shell outer surface welding seam position and an inner side backing strip structure, the butt joint gap of the welding position is less than 0.1-0.2 mm, and the butt joint step difference of the welding position is less than 0.5 mm.
4. The large spherical shell horizontal weld horizontal-seam horizontal-gun electron beam welding method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: and in the third step, in the process of adjusting the welding position and cleaning the surface of the backing strip, assembling and attaching the outer surface of the arc section of the backing strip and the inner surface of the welding position, and aligning the center of the vent groove with the welding line.
5. The large spherical shell horizontal weld horizontal-seam horizontal-gun electron beam welding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in thatCharacterized in that: in the seventh step, in the process of performing electron beam modification welding, the focusing current is adjusted to the upper defocusing If1+ (50-150) mA, adjusting the amplitude of the deflection scanning width to 1-1.2 times of the original value, and reducing the welding beam current to 1/5-1/4IbThe diameter of the beam spot of the electron beam is ensured to be 0.8-1.2 times of the weld surface fusion width, the spherical shell workpiece is rotated to carry out electron beam modification welding, and the extra height of the weld surface and the near seam base material are melted by modification welding to enable the extra height to flow and fill a larger recess, so that the joint area is in smooth transition.
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| CN103008995A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 西安西工大超晶科技发展有限责任公司 | Method for forming high-strength titanium alloy gas cylinder for aviation fuel |
| CN104289807A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-21 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Welding backing strip and welding method |
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