CN106728161A - 一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法 - Google Patents

一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法 Download PDF

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CN106728161A
CN106728161A CN201611078942.7A CN201611078942A CN106728161A CN 106728161 A CN106728161 A CN 106728161A CN 201611078942 A CN201611078942 A CN 201611078942A CN 106728161 A CN106728161 A CN 106728161A
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tortoise
parts
water
saprolegniasis
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郭强
刘红
郭飞
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Bengbu City 's Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法，包括以下操作步骤：（1）向乌龟养殖池全池喷洒去霉液，用量为1.5‑2.0mg/L；（2）将患有水霉病的乌龟取出，用软毛刷刷洗乌龟长满水霉的患处，然后在患处均匀的涂抹上药膏，并将乌龟放在60w的白炽灯照射10‑15min，之后将乌龟放回池水中。采用本发明的方法，能够快速有效的使得患有水霉病的乌龟痊愈，治疗手段简单易行，不会影响乌龟正常的生长发育，对乌龟患处的伤口有极好的愈合效果，保证了乌龟的品质。

Description

一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖领域，具体涉及一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法。
背景技术
水霉病常感染体表受伤组织及死卵，形成灰白色如棉絮状的覆盖物，又称覆棉病或水棉病，又称肤霉病或白毛病，是水生鱼类的真菌病之一，引起这种病的病原体到目前已经发现有十多种，其中最常见的是水霉和绵霉。该病是由真菌寄生鱼体表引起，主要是真菌门鞭毛菌亚门藻状菌纲水霉目水霉科的水霉属和绵霉属。水霉病的发生主要因为紧迫造成的二次性感染，鱼只因拥挤、移动或其他不良环境因素的影响，造成体表组织受伤，水中的水霉病游孢子即伺机附着，于坏死组织上开始发芽形成菌丝，菌丝除寄生于坏死组织外，尚可漫延侵入附近的正常组织，分泌消化酵素分解周围组织，更而贯穿真皮深入肌肉，使皮肤与肌肉坏死崩解。近年来，随着水体环境的变差，越来越多的乌龟染上了水霉病，龟水霉病最易发生在水温18～26℃的环境中，也就是春、秋季。发病初期可见水中龟的颈部、腿部有成簇的丝状体，后发展呈棉絮状菌丝，看似一层白毛，这是水霉菌孢子严重侵袭的明显症状。患龟初期吃食正常，随着病情的发展，食欲开始下降，形体消瘦，行动迟缓，并独处一隅，最后会并发其他疾病死亡。目前对于乌龟水霉病的治疗，都是采用高锰酸钾溶液对龟体消毒，但是效果不明显，治疗周期较长，使得患病的乌龟长时间的遭受痛苦，严重的影响了患病龟的正常生长发育。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种疗效快的乌龟水霉病的防治方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的。
一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法，包括以下操作步骤：
（1）向乌龟养殖池全池喷洒去霉液，用量为1.5-2.0mg/L,其中去霉液由以下重量份的组分制成：亚甲基蓝10-19份、水杨酸钠12-16份、苯甲酸钠0.2-0.4份、丙谷二肽0.1-0.3份、水100-120份；
（2）将患有水霉病的乌龟取出，用软毛刷刷洗乌龟长满水霉的患处，然后在患处均匀的涂抹上药膏，并将乌龟放在60w的白炽灯照射10-15min，之后将乌龟放回池水中，其中药膏由以下重量份的组分制成：金沸草35-40份、达仑木28-34份、耳草30-32份、红叶藤20-24份、合树菌18-21份、尖药花15-19份、米仔兰花13-16份、全叶马兰10-12份、菜蓟11-15份、水200-250份。
具体地，上述步骤（1）中的去霉液采用以下方法制成：将亚甲基蓝加入水中，搅拌均匀后，将溶液温度升至30℃，然后向其中依次加入水杨酸钠、苯甲酸钠、丙谷二肽，混合搅拌均匀后，制得去霉液。
具体地，上述步骤（2）中的药膏采用以下方法制成：将金沸草、达仑木、耳草、红叶藤、合树菌、尖药花、米仔兰花、全叶马兰、菜蓟放入水中，大火煮沸，然后采用小火，煎煮1小时后，过滤得滤液，将滤渣取出，再次放入其重量4倍重的水中，大火煮沸后，小火煎煮2小时后，过滤得滤液，将两次收集的滤液混合，蒸发滤液中的水分直至出现膏状物，制得药膏。
由以上的技术方案可知，本发明的有益效果是：
采用本发明的方法，能够快速有效的使得患有水霉病的乌龟痊愈，治疗手段简单易行，不会影响乌龟正常的生长发育，对乌龟患处的伤口有极好的愈合效果，保证了乌龟的品质。其中，去霉液中的亚甲基蓝和水杨酸钠协同作用，能有效的杀灭水体中和乌龟体表的各种寄生虫，但是毒害作用较大，会影响乌龟的生长发育，但是苯甲酸钠可以降低其药效，丙谷二肽提高乌龟对亚甲基蓝和水杨酸钠药害的抵抗能力；药膏中的金沸草、达仑木、耳草和红叶藤中的有效成分协同作用，能有效的杀灭寄生在乌龟身上的水霉菌菌丝，并且其对其它一些寄生虫也具有很好的抑制作用；合树菌、尖药花、米仔兰花、全叶马兰、菜蓟中的有效成分协同作用，能加快乌龟身上被水霉菌破坏的皮肤的恢复速度，防止乌龟伤口处被进一步感染，并且其还能有效的防止乌龟伤口处炎症的发生，具有止痛、加快乌龟体内局部血液循环的速度；涂完药膏后，采用紫光照射，能进一步加强药膏的药效，加快乌龟水霉病的恢复速度。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不能用来限制本发明的范围。实施例中采用的实施条件可以根据厂家的条件作进一步调整，未说明的实施条件通常为常规实验条件。
实施例1
一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法，包括以下操作步骤：
（1）向乌龟养殖池全池喷洒去霉液，用量为2.0mg/L,其中去霉液由以下重量份的组分制成：亚甲基蓝19份、水杨酸钠16份、苯甲酸钠0.4份、丙谷二肽0.3份、水120份；
（2）将患有水霉病的乌龟取出，用软毛刷刷洗乌龟长满水霉的患处，然后在患处均匀的涂抹上药膏，并将乌龟放在60w的白炽灯照射15min，之后将乌龟放回池水中，其中药膏由以下重量份的组分制成：金沸草40份、达仑木34份、耳草32份、红叶藤24份、合树菌21份、尖药花19份、米仔兰花16份、全叶马兰12份、菜蓟15份、水250份。
具体地，上述步骤（1）中的去霉液采用以下方法制成：将亚甲基蓝加入水中，搅拌均匀后，将溶液温度升至30℃，然后向其中依次加入水杨酸钠、苯甲酸钠、丙谷二肽，混合搅拌均匀后，制得去霉液。
具体地，上述步骤（2）中的药膏采用以下方法制成：将金沸草、达仑木、耳草、红叶藤、合树菌、尖药花、米仔兰花、全叶马兰、菜蓟放入水中，大火煮沸，然后采用小火，煎煮1小时后，过滤得滤液，将滤渣取出，再次放入其重量4倍重的水中，大火煮沸后，小火煎煮2小时后，过滤得滤液，将两次收集的滤液混合，蒸发滤液中的水分直至出现膏状物，制得药膏。
实施例2
一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法，包括以下操作步骤：
（1）向乌龟养殖池全池喷洒去霉液，用量为1.7mg/L,其中去霉液由以下重量份的组分制成：亚甲基蓝16份、水杨酸钠14份、苯甲酸钠0.3份、丙谷二肽0.2份、水110份；
（2）将患有水霉病的乌龟取出，用软毛刷刷洗乌龟长满水霉的患处，然后在患处均匀的涂抹上药膏，并将乌龟放在60w的白炽灯照射13min，之后将乌龟放回池水中，其中药膏由以下重量份的组分制成：金沸草37份、达仑木30份、耳草31份、红叶藤22份、合树菌20份、尖药花17份、米仔兰花15份、全叶马兰11份、菜蓟13份、水230份。
具体地，上述步骤（1）中的去霉液采用以下方法制成：将亚甲基蓝加入水中，搅拌均匀后，将溶液温度升至30℃，然后向其中依次加入水杨酸钠、苯甲酸钠、丙谷二肽，混合搅拌均匀后，制得去霉液。
具体地，上述步骤（2）中的药膏采用以下方法制成：将金沸草、达仑木、耳草、红叶藤、合树菌、尖药花、米仔兰花、全叶马兰、菜蓟放入水中，大火煮沸，然后采用小火，煎煮1小时后，过滤得滤液，将滤渣取出，再次放入其重量4倍重的水中，大火煮沸后，小火煎煮2小时后，过滤得滤液，将两次收集的滤液混合，蒸发滤液中的水分直至出现膏状物，制得药膏。
实施例3
一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法，包括以下操作步骤：
（1）向乌龟养殖池全池喷洒去霉液，用量为2.0mg/L,其中去霉液由以下重量份的组分制成：亚甲基蓝19份、水杨酸钠16份、苯甲酸钠0.4份、丙谷二肽0.3份、水120份；
（2）将患有水霉病的乌龟取出，用软毛刷刷洗乌龟长满水霉的患处，然后在患处均匀的涂抹上药膏，并将乌龟放在60w的白炽灯照射15min，之后将乌龟放回池水中，其中药膏由以下重量份的组分制成：金沸草40份、达仑木34份、耳草32份、红叶藤24份、合树菌21份、尖药花19份、米仔兰花16份、全叶马兰12份、菜蓟15份、水250份。
具体地，上述步骤（1）中的去霉液采用以下方法制成：将亚甲基蓝加入水中，搅拌均匀后，将溶液温度升至30℃，然后向其中依次加入水杨酸钠、苯甲酸钠、丙谷二肽，混合搅拌均匀后，制得去霉液。
具体地，上述步骤（2）中的药膏采用以下方法制成：将金沸草、达仑木、耳草、红叶藤、合树菌、尖药花、米仔兰花、全叶马兰、菜蓟放入水中，大火煮沸，然后采用小火，煎煮1小时后，过滤得滤液，将滤渣取出，再次放入其重量4倍重的水中，大火煮沸后，小火煎煮2小时后，过滤得滤液，将两次收集的滤液混合，蒸发滤液中的水分直至出现膏状物，制得药膏。
试验：
2015年7月18号，阜阳市一水产养殖场有44只乌龟感染上了水霉病，随机将此44只患病龟分为四组，试验组1、2、3采用实施例1、2、3的方法治疗，试验组4采用常规的技术手段治疗，即2ppm的高锰酸钾溶液加上1%的盐水混合后将病龟浸泡20-30分钟，每天进行三次，试验过程中，乌龟其余的饲养管理方法完全相同，试验结果如表1所示：
表1 一种乌龟水霉病防治方法的效果验证
项目 第一天患病龟数/只 第二天患病龟数/只 第三天患病龟数/只 第四天患病龟数/只
试验组1 10 5 0 0
试验组2 9 4 0 0
试验组3 10 6 0 0
试验组4 11 10 8 8
由表1可知，本发明提供的方法对乌龟水霉病的治疗效果显著，且疗程较短，能极大的降低乌龟所受的伤害，提高乌龟的品质。
需要说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。

Claims (3)

1.一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，包括以下操作步骤：
（1）向乌龟养殖池全池喷洒去霉液，用量为1.5-2.0mg/L,其中去霉液由以下重量份的组分制成：亚甲基蓝10-19份、水杨酸钠12-16份、苯甲酸钠0.2-0.4份、丙谷二肽0.1-0.3份、水100-120份；
（2）将患有水霉病的乌龟取出，用软毛刷刷洗乌龟长满水霉的患处，然后在患处均匀的涂抹上药膏，并将乌龟放在60w的白炽灯照射10-15min，之后将乌龟放回池水中，其中药膏由以下重量份的组分制成：金沸草35-40份、达仑木28-34份、耳草30-32份、红叶藤20-24份、合树菌18-21份、尖药花15-19份、米仔兰花13-16份、全叶马兰10-12份、菜蓟11-15份、水200-250份。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中的去霉液采用以下方法制成：将亚甲基蓝加入水中，搅拌均匀后，将溶液温度升至30℃，然后向其中依次加入水杨酸钠、苯甲酸钠、丙谷二肽，混合搅拌均匀后，制得去霉液。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的一种乌龟水霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中的药膏采用以下方法制成：将金沸草、达仑木、耳草、红叶藤、合树菌、尖药花、米仔兰花、全叶马兰、菜蓟放入水中，大火煮沸，然后采用小火，煎煮1小时后，过滤得滤液，将滤渣取出，再次放入其重量4倍重的水中，大火煮沸后，小火煎煮2小时后，过滤得滤液，将两次收集的滤液混合，蒸发滤液中的水分直至出现膏状物，制得药膏。
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