CN106719220B - Method for constructing marine ranch with wave-dissipating function - Google Patents
Method for constructing marine ranch with wave-dissipating function Download PDFInfo
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- CN106719220B CN106719220B CN201611072714.9A CN201611072714A CN106719220B CN 106719220 B CN106719220 B CN 106719220B CN 201611072714 A CN201611072714 A CN 201611072714A CN 106719220 B CN106719220 B CN 106719220B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for constructing a marine ranch with a wave-dissipating function, which comprises the following steps: in an offshore sea area, a plurality of rows of spaced arrays are constructed by adopting the steel pipe rods along the direction of the waves, and a steel pipe rod reef cluster arranged in a matrix manner is formed; a plurality of reef balls and/or old tires are compounded on the steel pipe rod at intervals along the length direction to form a compound reef body; constructing a plurality of rows of suspended raft type seaweed cultivation belts on the back wave surface of the steel pipe pole reef cluster along the wave facing direction; arranging a plurality of rows of fish culture net cages on the back wave surface of the raft type seaweed culture belt along the wave facing direction; and constructing a frame type shellfish culture net cage at the position near the bank. The invention provides a long-time-effect habitat for benthos while preventing over-fishing, achieves the effect of reducing wind waves through reasonable resource layout, and ensures the output of aquaculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine ranching construction, and particularly relates to a marine ranching construction method with a wave-dissipating function.
Background
In a general sense, a marine ranch refers to an artificial fishery set up for the planned cultivation and management of fishery resources in a particular sea area.
In recent years, with the increasing of fishing strength, the marine pollution range is continuously expanded, the decline phenomenon of marine fishery resources in China is increasingly serious, and resources and environment in fishery development and a series of problems brought by the resources and the environment become one of bottlenecks for restricting the sustainable development of marine aquaculture industry and marine fishery in China. Through developing the marine ranch construction, can improve the output of some economic variety or the resource output of whole sea area on the one hand to ensure that aquatic resources are stable and the growth that lasts, on the other hand is in order to focus on protecting marine ecosystem when utilizing marine resources, help recovering marine fishery resources, realize sustainable ecological fishery.
However, the construction of marine ranches in China is still in the primary stage of artificial fish reef construction and proliferation and releasing generally.
In order to effectively protect and recover marine fishery resources, when constructing a marine ranch, consideration must first be given to preventing over-fishing and preventing damage to the underlying habitat. In recent years, certain areas build 'bamboo array fish reefs' in relevant sea areas, and moso bamboo poles are inserted into the relevant sea areas in an array mode, so that the effect of preventing over-fishing is achieved, and meanwhile, a place for attaching and inhabiting benthic organisms is provided, the effect of species protection is achieved, and the biological diversity is increased. However, the traditional bamboo pole has poor toughness and weak wind wave resistance and corrosion resistance, and the service life is only about 1 year.
The construction of marine ranches requires the incorporation of aquaculture, such as the delivery of net cages for marine fish farming, to increase fishery output while conserving and restoring fishery resources. Therefore, under the large background of global warming, how natural disasters such as typhoons frequently occur, how to resist stormy waves and how to construct reasonable resource layout, protecting aquaculture facilities from being damaged, and ensuring aquaculture output are two key points of marine ranch construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for constructing a marine ranch with a wave-eliminating function, which can prevent over-fishing and provide a long-term habitat for benthic organisms, achieve the effect of eliminating wind waves through reasonable resource layout and ensure the output of aquatic products.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is to provide a method for constructing a marine ranch with a wave-dissipating function, which comprises the following steps:
(1) in an offshore sea area, a plurality of rows of spaced arrays are constructed by adopting the steel pipe rods along the direction of the waves, and a steel pipe rod reef cluster arranged in a matrix manner is formed;
(2) a plurality of reef balls and/or old tires are compounded on the steel pipe rod at intervals along the length direction to form a compound reef body;
(3) constructing a plurality of rows of suspended raft type seaweed cultivation belts on the back wave surface of the steel pipe pole reef cluster along the wave facing direction;
(4) arranging a plurality of rows of fish culture net cages on the back wave surface of the raft type seaweed culture belt along the wave facing direction;
(5) and constructing a frame type shellfish culture net cage at the position near the bank.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the steel pipe pole is compounded with raft-type seaweeds to be cultivated, and a raft-type seaweed cultivation zone is formed along the direction facing the waves.
As a further improvement to the above embodiment, the raft-type seaweed is a raft-type kelp or a raft-type laver.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the algal reef structure is formed by planting marine algae on the reef balls and/or the used tires.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the marine ranch is cultivated with benthic macroalgae or seaweed.
As a further improvement to the above embodiment, a planting zone of benthic macroalgae or seaweed is formed between the raft-type seaweed cultivation zone and the fish cultivation net cage, and between the fish cultivation net cage and the shellfish cultivation net cage in the direction of the head sea.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, suspended raft-type seaweeds are disposed on both sides of the raft-type seaweed cultivating belt, the fish cultivating net cage and the shellfish cultivating net cage.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, a fish culture cage is arranged near the bank for constructing the frame-type shellfish culture cage.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, stone blocks, waste hulls or waste cars are thrown into the sea where the substrate solidifies.
Advantageous effects
According to the invention, the steel pipe rod reef cluster is constructed in the outermost offshore sea area, so that excessive fishing can be prevented, a habitat can be provided for benthonic organisms on the other hand, more habitats can be provided for bottom organisms through the composite reef balls or the old tires, the biodiversity is increased, and a good wave-breaking effect can be achieved in the middle layer; the steel pipe rod is used as a foundation to construct reef groups, and the characteristics of good toughness, strong corrosion resistance and strong wind and wave resistance are utilized, so that the service life is prolonged, the long-time effectiveness of a marine ranch is ensured, and the maintenance strength is reduced; the steel pipe rod reef cluster and the raft type seaweed cultivation belt are respectively constructed on the outer sides, so that the effect of reducing stormy waves is achieved, the inner fish cultivation net cage and the inner shellfish cultivation net cage are prevented from being impacted by large stormy waves, the resource layout is reasonable, and the output of aquaculture is guaranteed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the steel pipe rod composite reef ball of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a steel pipe pole composite used tire according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a steel pipe pole composite reef ball and a used tire according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
A method for constructing a marine ranch with wave-breaking function as shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) in the offshore sea area, a plurality of rows of spaced arrays are constructed by the steel pipe rods along the direction of the oncoming waves, and a matrix-type arranged steel pipe rod reef cluster is formed. Through constructing the steel pipe pole reef crowd, can effectively prevent or reduce trawl fishing, improve the current situation that the marine fishery that excessively catches and cause exhausts gradually. In addition, the steel pipe pole structure is tough, and corrosion resistance is strong, and anti-wind and wave ability reinforce can have long ageing, has reduced the maintenance degree of difficulty and the intensity of marine ranch. Meanwhile, the steel pipe rods can also provide support for raft type kelp or laver cultivation in a deep water area, so that the limitation of traditional shallow water cultivation is eliminated, the cultivation area is increased, and the yield and income increase are facilitated.
(2) And a plurality of reef balls and/or used tires are compounded on all or part of the steel pipe rods at intervals along the length direction to form a compound reef body. The composite reef body can provide more habitats for marine benthos at the bottom layer of the sea area, is beneficial to improving the habitat of the benthos, increases the biodiversity, has great significance for the protection and recovery of marine fishery resources, and can play a good wave-breaking function at the middle layer of the sea area. The top of the steel pipe pole can be compounded with raft type seaweed for cultivation, and a raft type seaweed cultivation zone is formed along the direction facing the waves, so that the effect of reducing the wind waves is further achieved. Marine algae can be planted on the reef ball and the old tire to form an algal reef structure, so that the habitat environment of marine organisms can be further improved, and wind waves can be reduced.
(3) And constructing a plurality of rows of suspended raft type seaweed cultivation belts on the back wave surface of the steel pipe pole reef cluster along the wave facing direction. The raft type seaweed is preferably selected from raft type kelp or raft type laver, so that the raft type seaweed has a good wave dissipation effect and can bring economic output.
(4) And arranging a plurality of rows of fish culture net cages on the back wave surface of the raft type seaweed culture belt along the wave facing direction for culturing marine fishes.
(5) A frame-type shellfish culture net cage is constructed near the bank for shellfish culture, and a fish culture net cage can be arranged for fish culture.
When the marine ranch is constructed, benthic macroalgae or seaweed can be cultivated at the bottom of the corresponding sea area, and a preferable mode is that a planting belt of the benthic macroalgae or seaweed is formed between the raft type algae cultivation belt and the fish cultivation net cage and between the fish cultivation net cage and the shellfish cultivation net cage along the wave-facing direction. The two sides of the raft type seaweed culture belt, the fish culture net cage and the shellfish culture net cage can also be provided with suspended raft type seaweed for culture. For the sea area with solidified substrate, stones, waste ship hulls or waste automobiles can be thrown into the sea area. The measures have certain functions in increasing the ecological function of the marine ranch and further reducing waves.
According to the construction mode of the marine ranch, the steel pipe rod reef cluster and the raft type seaweed cultivation belt are respectively constructed on the outer sides, so that the effect of reducing stormy waves is achieved, the inner fish cultivation net cage and the inner shellfish cultivation net cage are prevented from being impacted by large stormy waves, the resource layout is reasonable, and the output of aquaculture is guaranteed.
The following provides a specific embodiment of the method for constructing a marine ranch with wave-breaking function:
the construction of the marine ranch is carried out in an offshore sea area, which is about 5000 meters long, about 5000 meters wide, and 2500 hectares in area.
The construction of steel pipe pole reef crowd is carried out to meeting the sea in this sea area, and every row of steel pipe pole quantity 300 sets up 20 rows in total, and the horizontal and vertical interval of steel pipe pole is about 10 meters, and compound reef and old tire are unrestrained on the steel pipe pole. A raft type kelp culture belt is arranged on the back wave surface of the steel pipe pole reef cluster, a row of hard fish culture net cages are built, and a frame type hard shellfish culture net cage is built in the region close to the shore.
In addition, a gulfweed planting belt is constructed between the raft type kelp culture belt and the fish culture net cage and between the fish culture net cage and the shellfish culture net cage. Raft-type kelp cultivation is carried out in a spatial sea area with the space left at two sides of about 1000 meters. The insertion pipe is directly used as an attachment frame on the coastal shoal to construct a culture area of the kelp and the laver, and the buffer effect is further achieved.
Through the combination, the wave-breaking effect can be achieved, and the seawater containing nutrient salts in the tidal water fluctuation process can be fully utilized in different breeding species under the action of tides. The nutritive salt oscillates within this closed range over a repeated tidal cycle, thereby forming a permanently held function.
The marine ranch taking the steel pipe rod reef cluster as the core is simple and convenient to construct and low in cost, can be popularized nationwide in the coastal range, and can greatly promote the maintenance and recovery functions of marine fishery.
Claims (9)
1. A method for constructing a marine ranch with wave-dissipating function comprises the following steps:
(1) in an offshore sea area, a plurality of rows of spaced arrays are constructed by adopting the steel pipe rods along the direction of the waves, and a steel pipe rod reef cluster arranged in a matrix manner is formed;
(2) a plurality of reef balls and/or old tires are compounded on the steel pipe rod at intervals along the length direction to form a compound reef body;
(3) constructing a plurality of rows of suspended raft type seaweed cultivation belts on the back wave surface of the steel pipe pole reef cluster along the wave facing direction;
(4) arranging a plurality of rows of fish culture net cages on the back wave surface of the raft type seaweed culture belt along the wave facing direction;
(5) and constructing a frame type shellfish culture net cage at the position near the bank.
2. The method for constructing a marine ranch with wave-breaking function according to claim 1, characterized in that: and compounding raft type seaweed at the top of the steel pipe pole for cultivation, and forming a raft type seaweed cultivation zone along the direction facing the waves.
3. A method of constructing a marine ranch with wave-breaking function according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the raft type seaweed is raft type kelp or raft type laver.
4. The method for constructing a marine ranch with wave-breaking function according to claim 1, characterized in that: marine algae are planted on the reef balls and/or the used tires to form algal reef structures.
5. The method for constructing a marine ranch with wave-breaking function according to claim 1, characterized in that: and cultivating benthic large-scale seaweed or seaweed at the bottom of the marine ranch.
6. The method for constructing a marine ranch with wave-breaking function according to claim 5, characterized in that: and benthic large-scale seaweed or seaweed planting belts are formed between the raft-type seaweed cultivation belt and the fish cultivation net cages and between the fish cultivation net cages and the shellfish cultivation net cages along the wave-facing direction.
7. The method for constructing a marine ranch with wave-breaking function according to claim 1, characterized in that: and suspended raft type seaweeds are arranged on two sides of the raft type seaweed culture belt, the fish culture net cage and the shellfish culture net cage for culture.
8. The method for constructing a marine ranch with wave-breaking function according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a fish culture net cage is arranged at the position close to the bank for constructing the frame type shellfish culture net cage.
9. The method for constructing a marine ranch with wave-breaking function according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) throwing stones, waste ship bodies or waste automobiles into the sea area with the solidified substrate.
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| CN201611072714.9A CN106719220B (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2016-11-29 | Method for constructing marine ranch with wave-dissipating function |
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| CN201611072714.9A CN106719220B (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2016-11-29 | Method for constructing marine ranch with wave-dissipating function |
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| CN106719220B true CN106719220B (en) | 2020-02-28 |
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| CN107343482A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-14 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | One kind leisure cultivation environment protection aquafarm |
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| CN115067248B (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-03-17 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for restoring yellow river mouth intertidal zone shoal fishery habitat |
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| CN101547600A (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2009-09-30 | 罗小善 | Seabed-fixed marine structure functioning as artificial reef and manufacturing method thereof |
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