CN106717603B - 马铃薯亚常温保鲜方法 - Google Patents
马铃薯亚常温保鲜方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106717603B CN106717603B CN201611030189.4A CN201611030189A CN106717603B CN 106717603 B CN106717603 B CN 106717603B CN 201611030189 A CN201611030189 A CN 201611030189A CN 106717603 B CN106717603 B CN 106717603B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- potato
- crypt
- storeroom
- essential oil
- inhibition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000056139 Brassica cretica Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003351 Brassica cretica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003343 Brassica rupestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PZBPKYOVPCNPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(OCC=C)CN1C=NC=C1 PZBPKYOVPCNPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclopropene Chemical compound CC1=CC1 SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006000 Garlic extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005795 Imazalil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002125 enilconazole Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020706 garlic extract Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)N BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001046 anti-mould Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002546 antimould Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003260 anti-sepsis Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001408 fungistatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007269 microbial metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/02—Clamps; Pits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
- A23B7/0425—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the material not being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/157—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/16—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/51—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for storing agricultural or horticultural products
- Y02A40/58—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for storing agricultural or horticultural products using renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种马铃薯抑芽防霉方法,步骤如下:⑴采收后处理:贮存前土窖用硫磺熏蒸消毒清扫,保持低温;⑵马铃薯表面处理;⑶贮藏环境控制:⑷上市前的处理。本发明采用两级防霉处理,先采用马铃薯抑芽防霉复合剂Ⅰ,这种复合抑芽剂I能有效控制马铃薯的萌芽发霉,抑芽率和发霉率分别为对照的31%和15%。二级采用保鲜剂Ⅱ,所述的保鲜剂Ⅱ还具有防腐杀菌功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防霉保鲜领域,尤其是一种马铃薯亚常温保鲜方法。
背景技术
马铃薯在贮藏时,主要的问题防霉和抑芽,土窖中的温度较低,土豆长时间储存,容易生长霉菌,需要对环境中和土豆表面的霉菌进行清除。抑芽一般有通用的抑芽剂,对土豆的抑芽较好,然而抑芽在使用过程的残留问题,是土豆土窖储藏的重要缺点,因为分布不均,抑芽剂需要被大量的使用,造成很大的残留问题。
由于现有市场对农药和保存制剂的检测相当严格,如果大剂量的使用保鲜剂如防霉剂等都是不被允许的,因此在土豆的保鲜上,需要对保鲜剂的成分进行调节和改进,一方面满足防霉抑芽的要求,一方面满足低残留的要求,因此需要开发新型的保鲜剂和保鲜方法。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决土豆保鲜问题,提供一种残留地、防霉抑芽效果好的马铃薯脉冲式抑芽保鲜剂。
本发明实现目的的技术方案如下:
一种马铃薯抑芽防霉方法,方法包括以下步骤:
⑴采收后处理:贮存前土窖用硫磺熏蒸消毒清扫,保持低温;
收获的薯块散热形成愈伤组织后,分级剔除损伤病害的,放入太阳能控温土窖中,装筐码放立垛成高0.4米,宽1.5米,薯堆中设通风管道;
⑵贮藏环境控制:
控制贮藏条件3~5℃,相对湿度80%~85%,避免光照;
贮藏过程中,间歇二次喷雾加入抑芽防霉剂,其重量百分比及成分如下:质量分数0.1%~0.2%的仲丁胺,0.1-0.5%特克多,3%~7%抑霉唑,3%~7%二苯胺,50%乙醇,10%1-MCP,300uL/L精油,3%碳酸氢钠,2%碳酸氢钾,5%~10%甘油,加入方式为,采用喷雾的方式加入,使成分均匀悬浮在土窖中,延长土豆的保鲜期限,间歇频率为每周一到两次,每次半小时;
⑶上市前的处理:
马铃薯上市前,均匀抹一层马铃薯精油抑芽防霉乳液。
而且,所述的马铃薯精油抑芽防霉乳液为:植物精油浓度为3%v/v,植物油浓度6%v/v,1.5%壳聚糖,10%大蒜提取液,均相乳化剂吐温-20的浓度为0.7%v/v,均质压力为15kPsi,均质次数5次。
而且,所述植物精油为300uL/L的肉桂精油、肉桂醛,和15uL/L的芥末精油;大蒜提取液用40%的乙醇抽提生成。
而且,所述太阳能控温土窖的结构如下,包括窖体,所述窖底位于地表以下,窖体四周侧壁以及顶壁保温安装保温墙壁层,在土窖内间隔设置有储藏室,储藏室由防水透气材料不保温材料制成,储藏室底部安装支撑架,悬浮在窖体中部,储藏室与土窖之间形成夹层空间,夹层空间内安装制冰机,制冰机的电源连接设置在土窖地面以上的太阳能发电装置,制冰机制出的冰填充在夹层中;在储藏室的顶部制有进风口,进风口内安装风机,在储藏室侧壁中部制有出气口,风机从顶部的进气口进风,从侧壁的出气口排风,储藏室四周气密不保温。
而且,在储藏室四周侧壁制有延伸至土窖四周墙体外墙体的循环管道。
而且,所述土窖下地面直接为土地或者用透水材料铺设底面。
本发明的优点和积极效果如下:
本发明提供的保鲜剂组合的用量均低于现有技术中的用量,将保鲜剂中的抑芽剂、防霉剂、保鲜剂符合使用,同时增加生物吐保鲜成分精油等,在保鲜剂中增加运输分子(乙醇),同时配合使用二次雾化的技术,让保鲜剂均匀分散在土窖中,能够增加每一个土豆对保鲜剂的接触机会,完成不间断,连续保鲜,对比之前统一喷施的效果,保鲜时间延长20%,抑芽剂、防霉剂使用量降低30%,做到无残留或少残留。
本发明采用复合的抑芽保鲜剂,其中含有多种抑芽剂、防霉剂,其形成1-5微米的雾化液滴后能够均匀的漂浮在土窖的空间,能够防止土窖的本身内部的防霉需要,当其落在土豆表面,能够完成土豆表面的防霉抑芽需要,能够从本质上防止马铃薯生芽,延长保鲜时间。
本发明首次在土窖中采用了雾化的方法来分散喷施防霉剂,雾化还有二次雾化,对加入的各种成分,能够进行合理的分散,通过雾化实验我们发现,如果只进行一次雾化,颗粒较大,颗粒之间容易形成二次接触后粘连,经过二次雾化后,颗粒更小,距离相对变大,减小颗粒之间的碰撞和接触机会,真正达到防霉抑芽所需的防霉效果。
本发明在保鲜剂中增加了乙醇成分,乙醇在经过雾化后,更加容易分散,能够携带并帮助其他成分均匀漂浮在土窖的上部空间中,其成分中还则更加了碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢钾,这两种成分能够抑制土窖内微生物的代谢活动,降低繁殖能力,抑制霉菌等杂菌的生长,延长保鲜期限。
本发明在保鲜剂中增加了精油成分,精油具有很好的杀菌效果,且是一种生物杀菌剂,无残留,保鲜效果好,尤其是本发明中使用的复合精油肉桂精油、肉桂醛及芥末精油;通过研究发现,协同后抑菌效果非常好,同时还能够进行上市前的二次涂膜使用,使用后保鲜效果非常好。
附图说明
图1为保鲜通风库土窖的结构示意图;
图2为A-A向剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述,以下实施例只是描述性的,不是限定性的,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
一种马铃薯亚常温保鲜方法,其特征在于:方法包括以下步骤:
⑴收后处理:
贮存前土窖用硫磺熏蒸消毒清扫,保持低温;
收获的薯块散热形成愈伤组织后,分级剔除损伤病害的,装筐码放立垛成高0.4米,宽1.5米,放入太阳能控温土窖中,薯堆中设通风管道,依据马铃薯贮藏条件(3~5℃,相对湿度80%~85%),设定参数值,控制贮藏环境,贮藏60-100d;
⑵土窖贮藏
贮藏环境控制:控制贮藏条件3~5℃,相对湿度80%~85%,避免光照;
贮藏过程中,间歇二次喷雾加入抑芽防霉剂,其成分如下:质量分数0.2%~0.5%或6~30份仲丁胺,1%或4~25份特克多(TBZ),10%~20%或者150mg/L,抑霉唑,5~20份二苯胺,50%乙醇(挥发载体),10%1-MCP,300uL/L精油(肉桂醛),3%碳酸氢钠,2%碳酸氢钾(挥发,保鲜,影响微生物代谢),5%~10%甘油,加入方式为,采用喷雾的方式加入,使成分均匀悬浮在土窖中,延长土豆的保鲜期限,间歇频率为每周两次,每次半小时。
⑵还可以选择性增加上市前的处理的步骤:
马铃薯上市前,均匀抹一层马铃薯精油抑芽防霉乳液,所述的马铃薯精油抑芽防霉乳液为:植物精油浓度为3%(v/v),植物油浓度6%(v/v),1.5%壳聚糖,10%大蒜提取液,均相乳化剂吐温-20的浓度为0.7%(v/v),均质压力为15kPsi,均质次数5次。其中,所述植物精油为300uL/L的肉桂精油、肉桂醛,和15uL/L的芥末精油。
一种太阳能控温土窖,包括窖体4,所述窖底位于地表2以下四米(以不出现地下水为准),窖体四周侧壁以及顶壁保温安装保温墙壁层5,下地面直接为土地或者用透水材料铺设底面9,在土窖内间隔设置有储藏室7,储藏室由防水透气材料不保温材料制成,储藏室底部安装支撑架10,悬浮在窖体中部,储藏室与土窖之间形成夹层空间,夹层空间内安装制冰机3,制冰机的电源连接设置在土窖地面以上的太阳能1发电装置,制冰机制出的冰6填充在夹层中,以填满为宜,用于给储藏室内降温,由于储藏室的侧壁为不保温材料制成,所以夹层的冰温能够传递到储藏室内。
为了增加温度的循环,本申请设计了机构新颖的储藏室,在储藏室的顶部制有进风口13,进风口内安装风机,在储藏室侧壁中部制有出气口12,风机从顶部的进气口进风,从侧壁的出气口排风,形成储藏室内于夹层空间冰温空气向储藏室内循环。储藏室四周气密不保温。在储藏室四周侧壁制有延伸至土窖四周墙体外墙体的循环管道8和11,侧壁为横向循环管道8,底部为竖向循环管道11,循环管道内可以安装轴流风机,用于增加混合动力。
本发明中太阳能驱动制冰机,存储夏天使用,20吨库,1个千瓦的太阳能,1小时0.5立方米的冰,冰融化产生的水从土窖地下渗走了。土窖外层保温,储藏室储藏室由防水透气材料不保温材料制成,可以将夹层内的温度和湿气传至保温室内,保证储藏室内低温高湿的储藏条件,可达到95%湿度,防水透气材料.
太阳能控温土窖为长方体形,夹套外墙体(窖体)层为36cm厚度红砖,墙体内填充有密度为45kg/m3的高密度硬质聚氨酯保温层,内墙体为深厚的土层,窖容积为36m3。
贮藏间内壁分别湿度感应器和温度感应器,上部密封安装顶棚,顶棚安太阳能发电制冰装置,对应地下及侧壁安装地下测温管。顶棚中央设通风窗,通风口处安装有换风机,排风量为库容积的10-15倍。
储藏室北面开门,外设铁皮保温门、内设铁塞网防鼠门,规格1600mmx600mm分别向外向内开启。存贮空间设有与地面连通的地下通风道。风道接库外的进风口和出风口,风口处设自动门,做保温处理。
储藏室设计安装地下东西南北4个方向横向和地下纵向不同土层温度信息采集点,各埋测温镀锌管3根分别入土深度为500mm、1000mm和1500mm,实时监测库体周围的土壤温度变化。
太阳能配备10块200W/18V太阳能板,4块12V/200AH蓄电池,最大输出功率2000W,输出负载电量可支持2000W负载连续工作6小时。1小时可发动制冰机产0.5立方米的冰,冰储在夹层储冷,冰水从地下渗走,保证了窖内可达95%湿度。
本发明利用太阳能、风能在时间上有互补性,同时蓄能方式可以合二为一,配备风力发电机风发电系统,提高了系统供电控制轴流风机通风的稳定性。
可以设置两只货架以平行墙面方式设置于储藏室的地面位置,果实筐放于货架的夹层位置。
Claims (6)
1.一种马铃薯抑芽防霉方法,其特征在于:方法包括以下步骤:
⑴采收后处理:贮存前土窖用硫磺熏蒸消毒清扫,保持低温;
收获的薯块散热形成愈伤组织后,分级剔除损伤病害的,放入太阳能控温土窖中,装筐码放立垛成高0.4米,宽1.5米,薯堆中设通风管道;
⑵贮藏环境控制:
控制贮藏条件3~5℃,相对湿度80%~85%,避免光照;
贮藏过程中,间歇二次喷雾加入抑芽防霉剂,其重量百分比及成分如下:质量分数0.1%~0.2%的仲丁胺,0.1-0.5%特克多,3%~7%抑霉唑,3%~7%二苯胺,50%乙醇,10%1-MCP,300uL/L精油,3%碳酸氢钠,2%碳酸氢钾,5%~10%甘油,加入方式为,采用喷雾的方式加入,使成分均匀悬浮在土窖中,延长土豆的保鲜期限,间歇频率为每周一到两次,每次半小时;
⑶上市前的处理:
马铃薯上市前,均匀抹一层马铃薯精油抑芽防霉乳液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的马铃薯抑芽防霉方法,其特征在于:所述的马铃薯精油抑芽防霉乳液为:植物精油浓度为3%v/v,植物油浓度6%v/v,1.5%壳聚糖,10%大蒜提取液,均相乳化剂吐温-20的浓度为0.7%v/v,均质压力为15kPsi,均质次数5次。
3.根据权利要求2所述的马铃薯抑芽防霉方法,其特征在于:所述植物精油为300uL/L的肉桂精油、肉桂醛,和15uL/L的芥末精油;大蒜提取液用40%的乙醇抽提生成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的马铃薯抑芽防霉方法,其特征在于:所述太阳能控温土窖的结构如下,包括窖体,窖体的窖底位于地表以下,窖体四周侧壁以及顶壁保温安装保温墙壁层,在土窖内间隔设置有储藏室,储藏室由防水透气材料不保温材料制成,储藏室底部安装支撑架,悬浮在窖体中部,储藏室与土窖之间形成夹层空间,夹层空间内安装制冰机,制冰机的电源连接设置在土窖地面以上的太阳能发电装置,制冰机制出的冰填充在夹层中;在储藏室的顶部制有进风口,进风口内安装风机,在储藏室侧壁中部制有出气口,风机从顶部的进气口进风,从侧壁的出气口排风,储藏室四周气密不保温。
5.根据权利要求4所述的马铃薯抑芽防霉方法,其特征在于:在储藏室四周侧壁制有延伸至土窖四周墙体外墙体的循环管道。
6.根据权利要求1所述的马铃薯抑芽防霉方法,其特征在于:所述土窖下地面直接为土地或者用透水材料铺设底面。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201611030189.4A CN106717603B (zh) | 2016-11-15 | 2016-11-15 | 马铃薯亚常温保鲜方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201611030189.4A CN106717603B (zh) | 2016-11-15 | 2016-11-15 | 马铃薯亚常温保鲜方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106717603A CN106717603A (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
CN106717603B true CN106717603B (zh) | 2019-02-12 |
Family
ID=58971594
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201611030189.4A Active CN106717603B (zh) | 2016-11-15 | 2016-11-15 | 马铃薯亚常温保鲜方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106717603B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107771540A (zh) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-09 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | 一种马铃薯贮藏方法 |
CN110419571B (zh) * | 2019-07-26 | 2022-07-19 | 天津捷盛东辉保鲜科技有限公司 | 红薯土窖沙藏保鲜方法 |
CN113597893B (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-04-18 | 资阳市尤特薯品开发有限公司 | 一种红薯水窖藏装置及方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009023498A1 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-19 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Use of c3 to c14 aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, and primary and secondary c3 to c7 alcohols to inhibit sprouting of potato tubers |
CN101731323A (zh) * | 2008-11-21 | 2010-06-16 | 甘肃省农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 | 一种马铃薯抑芽粉剂 |
CN102599236A (zh) * | 2012-03-14 | 2012-07-25 | 甘肃省农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 | 一种马铃薯薯块缓释性防腐剂 |
CN102613285A (zh) * | 2012-04-11 | 2012-08-01 | 湖南原地现代农业发展有限公司 | 柿子保脆保鲜方法 |
CN102742635A (zh) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-24 | 中南林业科技大学 | 一种抑制马铃薯萌芽的方法 |
CN105410155A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-23 | 湖北工业大学 | 一种抑制马铃薯发芽和降低龙葵碱的护色保鲜方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-11-15 CN CN201611030189.4A patent/CN106717603B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009023498A1 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-19 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Use of c3 to c14 aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, and primary and secondary c3 to c7 alcohols to inhibit sprouting of potato tubers |
CN101731323A (zh) * | 2008-11-21 | 2010-06-16 | 甘肃省农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 | 一种马铃薯抑芽粉剂 |
CN102599236A (zh) * | 2012-03-14 | 2012-07-25 | 甘肃省农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 | 一种马铃薯薯块缓释性防腐剂 |
CN102613285A (zh) * | 2012-04-11 | 2012-08-01 | 湖南原地现代农业发展有限公司 | 柿子保脆保鲜方法 |
CN102742635A (zh) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-24 | 中南林业科技大学 | 一种抑制马铃薯萌芽的方法 |
CN105410155A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-23 | 湖北工业大学 | 一种抑制马铃薯发芽和降低龙葵碱的护色保鲜方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN106717603A (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN106717603B (zh) | 马铃薯亚常温保鲜方法 | |
CN204742433U (zh) | 一种脐橙保鲜储藏库 | |
CN106509070A (zh) | 葡萄超长期绿色保鲜方法 | |
CN105993417A (zh) | 薯类贮藏的方法 | |
CN105941063A (zh) | 黄果柑栽培和贮藏方法 | |
CN103693300B (zh) | 果蔬保鲜箱及保鲜方法 | |
CN103708136A (zh) | 一种流动式储青装置 | |
WO2014203972A1 (ja) | 植物体の害虫防除設備、及び植物体の害虫防除方法 | |
CN109769928A (zh) | 一种菊芋的室内贮藏保鲜方法 | |
CN102845509B (zh) | 果蔬节能环保自然保鲜库 | |
JP6635488B1 (ja) | 半地下式農業用ハウス | |
Dhar | Mushroom farm design and technology of cultivation | |
CN110463450A (zh) | 马铃薯自然控温贮藏库及其制造方法 | |
CN104221786A (zh) | 一种以捕食螨为载体携带生防菌控制温室病虫害的方法 | |
CN101422140B (zh) | 平胸龟水浴式孵化装置 | |
CN106739249A (zh) | 一种绿色活性缓冲包装材料及其制备方法 | |
CN204697557U (zh) | 一种小麦种子热进仓的密闭贮藏库 | |
CN205681902U (zh) | 甘薯储藏窖 | |
CN206251661U (zh) | 一种新型食用菌种植大棚 | |
CN104620784A (zh) | 一种用于果菜保鲜的恒温窖 | |
CN202784301U (zh) | 可调节氧气含量的烟草密封降氧封套 | |
RU2581213C1 (ru) | Установка для выращивания грибов "руна" | |
CN204443205U (zh) | 一种用于果菜保鲜的恒温窖 | |
CN205794166U (zh) | 一种谷物烘储调一体仓的保温隔热装置 | |
Feofilova et al. | Different mechanisms of the biochemical adaptation of mycelial fungi to temperature stress: Changes in the cytosol carbohydrate composition |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |