CN106711202A - 一种p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,所述ZnAlSnO中,Sn为材料的基体元素,且为+4价,与O结合形成材料的基体;Zn为+2价,Al为+3价,掺入基体形成p型导电;同时,Al作为空穴浓度的控制元素;Sn具有球形电子轨道,在非晶状态下电子云高度重合,起到空穴传输通道的作用。且p型ZnAlSnO非晶薄膜的化学式为ZnAlxSnyO1+1.5x+2y,其中0.4≦x≦0.6,6.3≦y≦6.7。本发明还公开了p型ZnAlSnO非晶薄膜的制备方法和应用。所制得的p型ZnAlSnO非晶薄膜的空穴浓度1014cm‑3,可见光透过率≧90%。将其作为沟道层应用于薄膜晶体管,迁移率为3.2~5.6cm2/Vs。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,尤其涉及一种p型非晶氧化物半导体薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
薄膜晶体管(TFT)是微电子特别是显示工程领域的核心技术之一。目前,TFT主要是基于非晶硅(a-Si)技术,但是a-Si TFT是不透光的,光敏性强,需要加掩膜层,显示屏的像素开口率低,限制了显示性能,而且a-Si迁移率较低(~2 cm2/Vs),不能满足一些应用需求。基于多晶硅(p-Si)技术的TFT虽然迁移率高,但是器件均匀性较差,而且制作成本高,这限制了它的应用。此外,有机半导体薄膜晶体管(OTFT)也有较多的研究,但是OTFT的稳定性不高,迁移率也比较低(~1 cm2/Vs),这对其实际应用是一个较大制约。
为解决上述问题,人们近年来开始致力于非晶氧化物半导体(AOS)TFT的研究,其中最具代表性的是InGaZnO。与Si基TFT不同,AOS TFT具有如下优点:可见光透明,光敏退化性小,不用加掩膜层,提高了开口率,可解决开口率低对高分辨率、超精细显示屏的限制;易于室温沉积,适用于有机柔性基板;迁移率较高,可实现高的开/关电流比,较快的器件响应速度,应用于高驱动电流和高速器件;特性不均较小,电流的时间变化也较小,可抑制面板的显示不均现象,适于大面积化用途。
由于金属氧化物特殊的电子结构,氧原子的2p能级一般都远低于金属原子的价带电子能级,不利于轨道杂化,因而O 2p轨道所形成的价带顶很深,局域化作用很强,因而空穴被严重束缚,表现为深受主能级,故此,绝大多数的氧化物本征均为n型导电,具有p型导电特性的氧化物屈指可数。目前报道的p型导电氧化物半导体主要为SnO、NiO、Cu2O、CuAlO2等为数不多的几种,但这些氧化物均为晶态结构,不是非晶形态。目前人们正在研究的AOS如InGaZnO等均为n型半导体,具有p型导电的非晶态氧化物半导体几乎没有。因而,目前报道的AOS TFT均为n型沟道,缺少p型沟道的AOS TFT,这对AOS TFT在新一代显示、透明电子学等诸多领域的应用产生了很大的制约。因而,设计和寻找并制备出p型导电的非晶氧化物半导体薄膜是人们亟需解决的一个难题。
发明内容
本发明针对实际应用需求,拟提供一种p型非晶氧化物半导体薄膜及其制备方法。
本发明提供了一种p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,其中:Sn为材料的基体元素,Sn为+4价,与O结合形成材料的基体;Zn为+2价,Al为+3价,掺入基体形成p型导电;同时,Al具有较低的标准电势、与O有高的结合能,因而作为空穴浓度的控制元素;Sn具有球形电子轨道,在非晶状态下电子云高度重合,因而Sn同时起到空穴传输通道的作用。
本发明所提供的p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,在ZnAlSnO材料中,Zn为+2价,Al为+3价,Sn为+4价;且ZnAlSnO薄膜为非晶态,其化学式为ZnAlxSnyO1+1.5x+2y,其中0.4≦x≦0.6,6.3≦y≦6.7;ZnAlSnO非晶薄膜具有p型导电特性,空穴浓度1014cm-3,可见光透过率≧90%。
本发明还提供了制备上述p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)以高纯ZnO、Al2O3和SnO2粉末为原材料,混合,研磨,在1000℃的O2气氛下烧结,制成ZnAlSnO陶瓷片为靶材,其中Zn、Al、Sn三组分的原子比为1:(0.4~0.6):(6.3~6.7);
(2)采用射频磁控溅射方法,将衬底和靶材安装在溅射反应室中,抽真空至不高于2×10-3Pa;
(3)通入Ar-O2为工作气体,气体压强1.0~1.3Pa,Ar-O2流量体积比为100:33~100:67,溅射功率140~160W,衬底温度为室温,在Ar-O2离子的轰击下,靶材表面原子和分子溅射出来,在衬底上沉积形成一层薄膜,便得到p型ZnAlSnO非晶薄膜。
以本发明的上述p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜为沟道层,制备出AOS薄膜晶体管(TFT),所得的p型非晶ZnAlSnO TFT开关电流比在104量级,场效应迁移率3.2~5.6cm2/Vs。
上述材料参数和工艺参数为发明人经多次实验确立的,需要严格控制,在发明人的实验中若超出上述参数的范围,则无法实现设计的p型ZnAlSnO材料,也无法获得具有p型导电且为非晶态的ZnAlSnO薄膜。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1)本发明所述的p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,其中Sn为材料的基体元素,Zn和Al掺入基体形成p型导电,同时Al为空穴浓度的控制元素,Sn起到空穴传输通道的作用,基于上述原理,ZnAlSnO是一种理想的p型AOS材料。
2)本发明所述的p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,具有良好的材料特性,其p型导电性能可通过组分比例实现调控。
3)本发明所述的p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,以此作为沟道层制备的p型AOS TFT具有良好的性能,为p型AOS TFT的应用奠定了基础。
4)本发明所述的p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,与已存在的n型InGaZnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜组合,可形成一个完整的AOS的p-n体系,且p型ZnAlSnO与n型InGaZnO均为透明半导体材料,因而可制作透明光电器件和透明逻辑电路,开创AOS在透明电子产品中应用,极大促进透明电子学的发展。
5)本发明所述的p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,完全在室温下生长,非常适合于有机柔性衬底,因而可在可穿戴、智能化的柔性产品中获得广泛应用。
6)本发明所述的p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,在生长过程中存在较宽的参数窗口,可实现大面积室温沉积,能耗低,制备工艺简单、成本低,可实现工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为各实施例所采用的p型非晶ZnAlSnO TFT器件结构示意图。图中,1为低阻n++ Si衬底,同时也作为栅极,2为SiO2绝缘介电层,3为p型非晶ZnAlSnO沟道层,4为金属Ag源极,5为金属Ag漏极。
图2为实施例1制得的以p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜为沟道层的TFT的转移特性曲线。
图3为实施例2制得的以p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜为沟道层的TFT的转移特性曲线。
具体实施例
以下结合附图及具体实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
(1)以高纯ZnO、Al2O3和SnO2粉末为原材料,混合,研磨,在1000℃的O2气氛下烧结,制成ZnAlSnO陶瓷片为靶材,其中Zn、Al、Sn三组分的原子比为1:0.5:6.5;
(2)采用射频磁控溅射方法,将衬底和靶材安装在溅射反应室中,抽真空至2×10-3Pa;
(3)通入Ar-O2为工作气体,气体压强1.3Pa,Ar-O2流量体积比为100:33,溅射功率150W,衬底温度为室温,在Ar-O2离子的轰击下,靶材表面原子和分子溅射出来,在衬底上沉积形成一层薄膜,便得到p型ZnAl0.5Sn6.5O14.75非晶薄膜。
以石英为衬底,按照上述生长步骤制得p型ZnAl0.5Sn6.5O14.75薄膜,对其进行结构、电学和光学性能测试,测试结果为:薄膜为非晶态,厚度40nm;具有p型导电特性,空穴浓度1014cm-3;可见光透过率92%。
以镀覆有300nm厚度SiO2的n++-Si为衬底,按照上述生长步骤制得p型ZnAl0.5Sn6.5O14.75薄膜,以此作为沟道层,采用图1所示的结构制作出TFT器件,n++-Si为栅极,300nm厚的SiO2为栅极绝缘层,ZnAl0.5Sn6.5O14.75沟道层厚度40nm,100nm厚的Ag金属为源极和漏极, TFT沟道层长和宽分别为200μm和1000μm。对该p型ZnAlSnO非晶薄膜为沟道层的TFT进行器件性能测试,图2为测试所得的转移特性曲线,开关电流比为3.9×104,场效应迁移率5.6cm2/Vs。
实施例2
(1)以高纯ZnO、Al2O3和SnO2粉末为原材料,混合,研磨,在1000℃的O2气氛下烧结,制成ZnAlSnO陶瓷片为靶材,其中Zn、Al、Sn三组分的原子比为1:0.5:6.5;
(2)采用射频磁控溅射方法,将衬底和靶材安装在溅射反应室中,抽真空至2×10-3Pa;
(3)通入Ar-O2为工作气体,气体压强1.0Pa,Ar-O2流量体积比为100:43,溅射功率150W,衬底温度为室温,在Ar-O2离子的轰击下,靶材表面原子和分子溅射出来,在衬底上沉积形成一层薄膜,便得到p型ZnAl0.5Sn6.5O14.75非晶薄膜。
以石英为衬底,按照上述生长步骤制得p型ZnAl0.5Sn6.5O14.75薄膜,对其进行结构、电学和光学性能测试,测试结果为:薄膜为非晶态,厚度42nm;具有p型导电特性,空穴浓度1014cm-3;可见光透过率91%。
以镀覆有300nm厚度SiO2的n++-Si为衬底,按照上述生长步骤制得p型ZnAl0.5Sn6.5O14.75薄膜,以此作为沟道层,采用图1所示的结构制作出TFT器件,n++-Si为栅极,300nm厚的SiO2为栅极绝缘层,ZnAl0.5Sn6.5O14.75沟道层厚度42nm,100nm厚的Ag金属为源极和漏极, TFT沟道层长和宽分别为200μm和1000μm。对该p型ZnAlSnO非晶薄膜为沟道层的TFT进行器件性能测试,图3为测试所得的转移特性曲线,开关电流比为5.1×104,场效应迁移率5.3cm2/Vs。
实施例3
(1)以高纯ZnO、Al2O3和SnO2粉末为原材料,混合,研磨,在1000℃的O2气氛下烧结,制成ZnAlSnO陶瓷片为靶材,其中Zn、Al、Sn三组分的原子比为1:0.4:6.3;
(2)采用射频磁控溅射方法,将衬底和靶材安装在溅射反应室中,抽真空至2×10-3Pa;
(3)通入Ar-O2为工作气体,气体压强1.2Pa,Ar-O2流量体积比为100:50,溅射功率140W,衬底温度为室温,在Ar-O2离子的轰击下,靶材表面原子和分子溅射出来,在衬底上沉积形成一层薄膜,便得到p型ZnAl0.4Sn6.3O14.2非晶薄膜。
以石英为衬底,按照上述生长步骤制得p型ZnAl0.4Sn6.3O14.2薄膜,对其进行结构、电学和光学性能测试,测试结果为:薄膜为非晶态,厚度37nm;具有p型导电特性,空穴浓度1014cm-3;可见光透过率95%。
以镀覆有300nm厚度SiO2的n++-Si为衬底,按照上述生长步骤制得p型ZnAl0.4Sn6.3O14.2薄膜,以此作为沟道层,采用图1所示的结构制作出TFT器件,n++-Si为栅极,300nm厚的SiO2为栅极绝缘层,ZnAl0.4Sn6.3O14.2沟道层厚度37nm,100nm厚的Ag金属为源极和漏极, TFT沟道层长和宽分别为200μm和1000μm。对该p型ZnAlSnO非晶薄膜为沟道层的TFT进行器件性能测试,测试结果:开关电流比为2.1×104,场效应迁移率4.7cm2/Vs。
实施例4
(1)以高纯ZnO、Al2O3和SnO2粉末为原材料,混合,研磨,在1000℃的O2气氛下烧结,制成ZnAlSnO陶瓷片为靶材,其中Zn、Al、Sn三组分的原子比为1:0.6:6.7;
(2)采用射频磁控溅射方法,将衬底和靶材安装在溅射反应室中,抽真空至2×10-3Pa;
(3)通入Ar-O2为工作气体,气体压强1.2Pa,Ar-O2流量体积比为100:67,溅射功率160W,衬底温度为室温,在Ar-O2离子的轰击下,靶材表面原子和分子溅射出来,在衬底上沉积形成一层薄膜,便得到p型ZnAl0.6Sn6.7O15.3非晶薄膜。
以石英为衬底,按照上述生长步骤制得p型ZnAl0.6Sn6.7O15.3薄膜,对其进行结构、电学和光学性能测试,测试结果为:薄膜为非晶态,厚度45nm;具有p型导电特性,空穴浓度1015cm-3;可见光透过率90%。
以镀覆有300nm厚度SiO2的n++-Si为衬底,按照上述生长步骤制得p型ZnAl0.6Sn6.7O15.3薄膜,以此作为沟道层,采用图1所示的结构制作出TFT器件,n++-Si为栅极,300nm厚的SiO2为栅极绝缘层,ZnAl0.6Sn6.7O15.3沟道层厚度45nm,100nm厚的Ag金属为源极和漏极, TFT沟道层长和宽分别为200μm和1000μm。对该p型ZnAlSnO非晶薄膜为沟道层的TFT进行器件性能测试,测试结果:开关电流比为7.5×104,场效应迁移率3.2cm2/Vs。
上述各实施例中,使用的原料ZnO粉末、Al2O3粉末和SnO粉末的纯度均在99.99%以上。
本发明p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜制备所使用的衬底,并不局限于实施例中的单晶硅片和石英片,其它各种类型的衬底均可使用。
Claims (6)
1.一种p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,其特征在于:所述ZnAlSnO中,Sn为材料的基体元素,且为+4价,与O结合形成材料的基体;Zn为+2价,Al为+3价,掺入基体形成p型导电;同时,Al作为空穴浓度的控制元素;Sn具有球形电子轨道,在非晶状态下电子云高度重合,起到空穴传输通道的作用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,其特征在于:所述p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜的化学式为ZnAlxSnyO1+1.5x+2y,其中0.4≦x≦0.6,6.3≦y≦6.7。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜,其特征在于:所述p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜的空穴浓度1014cm-3,可见光透过率≧90%。
4.如权利要求1~3任一项所述p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于包括步骤:
1)以高纯ZnO、Al2O3和SnO2粉末为原材料,混合,研磨,在1000℃的O2气氛下烧结,制成ZnAlSnO陶瓷片为靶材,其中Zn、Al、Sn三组分的原子比为1:0.4~0.6:6.3~6.7;
2)采用射频磁控溅射方法,将衬底和靶材安装在溅射反应室中,抽真空至不高于2×10-3Pa;
3)通入Ar-O2为工作气体,气体压强1.0~1.3Pa,Ar-O2流量体积比为100:33~100:67,溅射功率140~160W,衬底温度为室温,在Ar-O2离子的轰击下,靶材表面原子和分子溅射出来,在衬底上沉积形成一层薄膜,便得到p型ZnAlSnO非晶薄膜。
5.如权利要求1~3任一项所述p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜在薄膜晶体管中的应用,其特征在于:所述p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜为薄膜晶体管的p型沟道层。
6.根据权利要求5所述p型ZnAlSnO非晶氧化物半导体薄膜在薄膜晶体管中的应用,其特征在于:所述薄膜晶体管开关电流比在104量级,场效应迁移率3.2~5.6cm2/Vs。
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